The role of γ-C2H5NO2 as a new transient liquid phase in cold sintering process of BaTiO3 composites

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dc.contributor.authorNoisak, Jitrawan
dc.contributor.authorIeamviteevanich, Pimchanok
dc.contributor.authorCharoonsuk, Thitirat
dc.contributor.authorPakawanit, Phakkhananan
dc.contributor.authorPinpru, Nattapong
dc.contributor.authorVittayakorn, Wanwilai
dc.contributor.authorMaluangnont, Tosapol
dc.contributor.authorSeeharaj, Panpailin
dc.contributor.authorBongkarn, Theerachai
dc.contributor.authorChiu, Te Wei
dc.contributor.authorVittayakorn, Naratip
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-06T10:46:31Z
dc.date.available2026-08-06T10:46:31Z
dc.date.issued2024-07-01
dc.description.abstractDielectric materials, such as barium titanate (BT)-based materials, have excellent dielectric properties but require high temperatures (above 1300 °C) for ceramic fabrication, leading to high costs and energy loss. The cold sintering process (CSP) offers a solution to these issues and is gaining worldwide attention as an innovative fabrication route. In this work, we proposed an alternative organic ferroelectric phase, gamma-glycine (γ-GC), which acts as a transient liquid phase to fabricate high-density composites with barium titanate (BT) at low temperatures through CSP. Our findings show that the density of 15γ-GC/85BT reached 96.7%±1.6% when it was sintered at 120 °C for 6 h under 10 MPa uniaxial pressure. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) mappings of the composite suggested that γ-GC completely underwent the precipitation–dissolution process and, therefore, filled between BT particles. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the preservation of γ-GC without undesired phase transformation. In addition, the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of γ-GC/BT composites have been reported. The high dielectric constant (ε<inf>r</inf>) was 3600, and the low dielectric loss (tanδ) was 1.20 at 200 °C and 100 kHz for the 15γ-GC/85BT composite. The hysteresis loop showed a remanent polarization (P<inf>r</inf>) of 0.55 µC·cm<sup>-2</sup> and a coercive field (E<inf>c</inf>) of 7.25 kV·cm<sup>-1</sup>. Our findings reaffirmed that an organic ferroelectric material (γ-GC) can act as a transient liquid phase in a CSP that can successfully and sustainably fabricate γ-GC/BT composites at low temperatures while delivering outstandingly high performance.
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Advanced Ceramics, 13(7), 942-955, 2024
dc.identifier.doi10.26599/JAC.2024.9220908
dc.identifier.issn22264108
dc.identifier.other2-s2.0-85200640096
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.kmitl.ac.th/handle/123456789/15747
dc.sourceJournal of Advanced Ceramics
dc.subjectbarium titanate (BT)
dc.subjectcold sintering process
dc.subjectdielectric properties
dc.subjectferroelectric properties
dc.subjectgamma-glycine (γ-GC)
dc.subjectorganic ferroelectric materials
dc.titleThe role of γ-C2H5NO2 as a new transient liquid phase in cold sintering process of BaTiO3 composites
dc.typeArticle

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