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The genus Inocybe (Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Thailand and Malaysia
(2015-10-13)
Horak, Egon
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Matheny, P. Brandon
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Soytong, K.
Twenty-five species of Inocybaceae are reported from Thailand and Malaysia. Thirteen are described as new from four different major clades of the family: I. errata from the Mallocybe clade, I. bicolorata and I. proxima from the Inosperma clade, I. neglecta from the Pseudosperma clade, and I. brevisquamulosa, I. fragilissima, I. latibulosa, I. lineata, I. ornata, I. parvibulbosa, I. pileosulcata, I stellata and I. thailandica from Inocybe sensu stricto. Nineteen species are documented in full, circumscribed by morphological and molecular (ITS and nLSU sequences) features. Six additional lineages are depicted in a molecular phylogenetic context but at present lack sufficient morphological data for complete description. Illustrations of anatomical features, photographs of basidiomes, and SEM images of basidiospores are presented. A key to 19 species of Inocybaceae from Thailand and Malaysia is provided.
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New porcini (Boletus sect. Boletus) from Australia and Thailand
(2014-01-01)
Halling, Roy E.
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Fechner, Nigel
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Arora, David
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Soytong, Kasem
Boletus albobrunnescens and B. austroedulis are described as new species in section Boletus from Thailand and Australia respectively. The former is easily characterized by the pure white basidiomata that stain brown. Boletus austroedulis has a graybrown, slightly rugulose pileus with hymeniform pileipellis producing pileocystidia, and the stipe is only apically reticulate if at all. These new species represent ancient lineages inferred from prior molecular phylogenetic analyses. © 2014 by The Mycological Society of America.
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Agaricus flocculosipes sp. nov., a new potentially cultivatable species from the palaeotropics
(2012-01-01)
Zhao, Rui Lin
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Hyde, Kevin D.
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Raspé, Olivier
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Soytong, Kasem
Agaricus flocculosipes is described as new from northern Thailand and Mayotte based on morphology and ITS sequence analysis. The new species is compared with similar taxa, and a comprehensive description, line drawings, and colored photographs are provided. Agaricus flocculosipes is distinguished among the species in section Arvenses by its relatively large sporocarps (110-180 mm in diameter), erect floccose squamules on the surface of the stipe, and relatively small basidiospores (less than 6.5 μm long). Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequence data using maximum likelihood, parsimony, and Bayesian analyses all support A. flocculosipes as being a distinct species within section Arvenses. The new taxon is potentially cultivatable as it is presumably heterothallic, exhibits extensive genetic diversity, and occurs in section Arvenses, a lineage that contains other edible cultivatable taxa such as Agaricus arvensis and Agaricus subrufescens. © 2012 The Mycological Society of Japan and Springer.
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Two species of Agaricus sect. Xanthodermatei from Thailand
(2012-01-01)
Zhao, Rui Lin
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Callac, Philippe
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Parra, Luis A.
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Guinberteau, Jacques
Agaricus murinocephalus is described and illustrated as a new species. This taxon, presently known only from Thailand, is characterized by a context that generally does not discolor on exposure, the lack of a phenolic odor, a cap covered by very fine, appressed, dark grey squamules outside the grey disc on a whitish background, and a broken collar-like annulus. Agaricus endoxanthus, previously reported from South America, Europe, and Asia, is recorded for the first time in Thailand. Morphological and published molecular analyses place both taxa in A. sect. Xanthodermatei based on. © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
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A monograph of Micropsalliota in Northern Thailand based on morphological and molecular data
(2010-12-01)
Zhao, Rui Lin
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Soytong, Kasem
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Perry, Brian A.
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Hyde, Kevin D.
Using a combination of morphological and molecular data, the genus Micropsalliota is shown to represent a monophyletic lineage in the Agaricaceae sister to Hymenagaricus. Features that distinguish the genus from Agaricus and allied genera include usually small, gracile basidiomes with a membranous partial veil, dextrinoid basidiospores with an apically thickened endosporium and lack of a germ pore, capitate or subcapitate, conspicuous cheilocystidia, and incrusted pileipellis hyphae that turn green in ammonia solution. We provide a monographic treatment of 23 taxa of Micropsalliota from Northern Thailand, of which 13 taxa represent new distribution reports for Thailand and 10 represent new taxa, including M. allantoidea, M. bifida, M. furfuracea, M. lateritia var. vinaceipes, M. megarubescens, M. megaspora, M. pusillissima, M. rubrobrunnescens var. rubrobrunnescens, M. rubrobrunnescens var. tibiicystis, and M. suthepensis. Included in this monograph are comprehensive descriptions, illustrations of micromorphological features, photographs of basidiomes, comparisons with allied species, phylogenetic trees inferring relationships amongst Thai species based on nrITS and nrLSU sequence datasets, and a key to aid in diagnosis. © 2010 Kevin D. Hyde.
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Molecular phylogenetics of porcini mushrooms (Boletus section Boletus)
(2010-01-01)
Dentinger, Bryn T.M.
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Ammirati, Joseph F.
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Both, Ernst E.
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Halling, Roy E.
Porcini (Boletus section Boletus: Boletaceae: Boletineae: Boletales) are a conspicuous group of wild, edible mushrooms characterized by fleshy fruiting bodies with a poroid hymenophore that is "stuffed" with white hyphae when young. Their reported distribution is with ectomycorrhizal plants throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Little progress has been made on the systematics of this group using modern molecular phylogenetic tools because sampling has been limited primarily to European species and the genes employed were insufficient to resolve the phylogeny. We examined the evolutionary history of porcini by using a global geographic sampling of most known species, new discoveries from little explored areas, and multiple genes. We used 78 sequences from the fast-evolving nuclear internal transcribed spacers and are able to recognize 18 reciprocally monophyletic species. To address whether or not porcini form a monophyletic group, we compiled a broadly sampled dataset of 41 taxa, including other members of the Boletineae, and used separate and combined phylogenetic analysis of sequences from the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, and the mitochondrial ATPase subunit six gene. Contrary to previous studies, our separate and combined phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of porcini. We also report the discovery of two taxa that expand the known distribution of porcini to Australia and Thailand and have ancient phylogenetic connections to the rest of the group. A relaxed molecular clock analysis with these new taxa dates the origin of porcini to between 42 and 54 million years ago, coinciding with the initial diversification of angiosperms, during the Eocene epoch when the climate was warm and humid. These results reveal an unexpected diversity, distribution, and ancient origin of a group of commercially valuable mushrooms that may provide an economic incentive for conservation and support the hypothesis of a tropical origin of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.
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Out of the Palaeotropics? Historical biogeography and diversification of the cosmopolitan ectomycorrhizal mushroom family Inocybaceae
(2009-04-01)
Matheny, P. Brandon
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Aime, M. Catherine
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Bougher, Neale L.
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Buyck, Bart
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
Aim The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mushroom family Inocybaceae is widespread in north temperate regions, but more than 150 species are encountered in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere. The relative roles of recent and ancient biogeographical processes, relationships with plant hosts, and the timing of divergences that have shaped the current geographic distribution of the family are investigated. Location Africa, Australia, Neotropics, New Zealand, north temperate zone, Palaeotropics, Southeast Asia, South America, south temperate zone. Methods We reconstruct a phylogeny of the Inocybaceae with a geological timeline using a relaxed molecular clock. Divergence dates of lineages are estimated statistically to test vicariance-based hypotheses concerning relatedness of disjunct ECM taxa. A series of internal maximum time constraints is used to evaluate two different calibrations. Ancestral state reconstruction is used to infer ancestral areas and ancestral plant partners of the family. Results The Palaeotropics are unique in containing representatives of all major clades of Inocybaceae. Six of the seven major clades diversified initially during the Cretaceous, with subsequent radiations probably during the early Palaeogene. Vicariance patterns cannot be rejected that involve area relationships for Africa-Australia, Africa-India and southern South America-Australia. Northern and southern South America, Australia and New Zealand are primarily the recipients of immigrant taxa during the Palaeogene or later. Angiosperms were the earliest hosts of Inocybaceae. Transitions to conifers probably occurred no earlier than 65 Ma. Main conclusions The Inocybaceae initially diversified no later than the Cretaceous in Palaeotropical settings, in association with angiosperms. Diversification within major clades of the family accelerated during the Palaeogene in north and south temperate regions, whereas several relictual lineages persisted in the tropics. Both vicariance and dispersal patterns are detected. Species from Neotropical and south temperate regions are largely derived from immigrant ancestors from north temperate or Palaeotropical regions. Transitions to conifer hosts occurred later, probably during the Palaeogene. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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Advances in the phylogenesis of Agaricales and its higher ranks and strategies for establishing phylogenetic hypotheses
(2008-10-15)
Zhao, Rui Lin
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Soytong, Kasem
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Hyde, Kevin D.
We present an overview of previous research results on the molecular phylogenetic analyses in Agaricales and its higher ranks (Agaricomycetes/ Agaricomycotina/Basidiomycota) along with the most recent treatments of taxonomic systems in these taxa. Establishing phylogenetic hypotheses using DNA sequences, from which an understanding of the natural evolutionary relationships amongst clades may be derived, requires a robust dataset. It has been recognized that single-gene phylogenies may not truly represent organismal phylogenies, but the concordant phylogenetic genealogies from multiple-gene datasets can resolve this problem. The genes commonly used in mushroom phylogenetic research are summarized. © Zhejiang University and Springer-Verlag GmbH 2008.
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Ribosomal DNA phylogenies of Cyathus: Is the current infrageneric classification appropriate?
(2007-05-01)
Zhao, Rui Lin
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Jeewon, Rajesh
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Soytong, Kasem
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Hyde, Kevin D.
Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Cyathus (bird's nest fungi) were investigated with neighbor joining, maximum likelihood, weighted maximum parsimony and MrBayes analyses of ITS and LSU ribosomal DNA sequences datasets. Twenty-two taxa of Cyathus were used in the analyses based primarily on type and authentic specimens. The current infrageneric classification system of Brodie recognizes seven infrageneric groups based on morphological characters, including peridium plications and variations in peridium hair anatomy, peridiole structure and fruit-body color. These groups are not supported by molecular data. Instead the ITS and LSU datasets support recognition of three infrageneric groups herein named the ollum, pallidum and striatum groups. Morphological characters useful in distinguishing these groups include basidiospore size, fruit-body coloration and peridium anatomy. Cyathus africanus var. latisporus is considered a synonym of Cyathus jiayuguanensis, and a new combination Cyathus lanatus (Brodie) R.L. Zhao is proposed based on morphological and molecular data. © 2007 by The Mycological Society of America.
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Proposed synonyms in Cyathus
(2006-01-01)
Zhao, Rui Lin
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Soytong, Kasem
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Hyde, Kevin D.
Based on the morphological analyses of 48 taxa of Cyathus, including 30 type specimens, three Cyathus species were found to represent synonyms of existing species. Cyathus cheliensis, C. gansuensis and C. megasporus are herein accepted as synonyms of C. limbatus, C. pygmaeus and C. poeppigii, respectively. The latter three species are redescribed and illustrated.

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