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Enhancing Solid Fuel Properties of Sawdust Torrefaction using a Rotary Drum Reactor
(2026-07-01)
Sripha, Yutthana
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Phengpom, Tinnapob
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Kaewpengkrow, Prangtip Rittichote
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Thianpong, Chinaruk
This study investigated the physicochemical properties of torrefied sawdust obtained from the industry using a rotary drum reactor. Sawdust samples were torrefied at 220, 250, and 280 °C for 15, 30, and 45 min under a nitrogen atmosphere. Proximate analysis was conducted to determine the moisture, volatile, fixed carbon, and ash contents. The volatile content of the torrefied sawdust ranged from 69.05 to 88.06 wt.%. The results suggested that the chemical energies of solid fuels are stored in volatile matter and fixed carbon, both of which have a higher reactivity during carbonization. Characterization of functional groups was conducted using an FTIR spectrophotometer, and the higher heating value (HHV) of the torrefied sawdust was also investigated. The HHV increased from 15.36 MJ/kg to 21.13 MJ/kg, with the highest HHV achieved at 280°C for 45 min. Moreover, the torrefaction at 250 °C for 30 min gave a biofuel with more than 80% energy density, which allowed us to classify this biofuel as lignite. Therefore, torrefaction is a promising pretreatment technique that can improve the energy quality and combustion properties.
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Enhancing Pyrolysis Oil From Landfill Waste Plastic With Industrial Waste Catalyst
(2026-01-01)
Aurreethum, Kittipob
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Sricharoenchaikul, Viboon
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Kaewpengkrow, Prangtip Rittichote
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Khemkhao, Maneerat
This study investigates the production of catalytic pyrolysis oil from 10-year-old landfilled plastic waste in Nonthaburi Province. The study performs pyrolysis of plastic waste using calcined fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) and bottom ash (BA) catalysts, focusing on their potential as alternative fuels. A fixed bed reactor operates at different temperatures 350-500°C, with optimal results achieved at 450°C. The maximum oil yield was achieved at 500 ◦C (47.00 %wt.) and at 450°C with calcined FCC (42.64 %wt.). The maximum heating value reached 45.77 MJ/kg using the BA catalyst. Chemical composition analysis via FT-IR and GC-MS revealed hydrocarbons, primarily alkenes and alkanes. The presence of aromatics and hydrocarbons (C<inf>5</inf> − C<inf>11</inf> and C<inf>12</inf> − C<inf>20</inf>) increased with catalyst use, approaching petroleum fuel properties. The most prevalent composition consisted of hydrocarbons in the C<inf>5</inf> − C<inf>20</inf> range, with a peak area of 84.65 % obtained from pyrolysis at 450°C using the calcined FCC catalyst. Furthermore, the gas products are analyzed using a gas analyzer. High levels of H2 and low levels of CO<inf>2</inf> and SO<inf>2</inf> emissions indicate that the process can produce an alternative fuel while generating fewer greenhouse gases. This research is consistent with the circular economy’s concepts, promoting sustainability and utilized resource efficiency.
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Investigating the synergy of fast co-pyrolysis of spent coffee ground and disposed urban facemask: analysis of kinetics and product compositions
(2025-12-01)
Idris, Imad A.
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Nisamaneenate, Jurarat
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Atong, Duangduen
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Kaewpengkrow, Prangtip Rittichote
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Sricharoenchaikul, Viboon
This study investigates the thermo-kinetic behavior and product distribution during the co-pyrolysis of spent coffee grounds (SCG) and facemasks (FM). TGA was employed to evaluate the kinetics and thermodynamics of the pyrolysis process by segmenting the thermal decomposition into stage I (200 – 360 °C) and stage II (360 – 550 °C), while Py-GC/MS was used to analyse the product composition. SCG and FM blends with varying ratios by wt.% (SCG:FM = 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:100, and 0:100) were subjected to pyrolysis at four heating rates (5, 10, and 30 °C/min). The decomposition curves were deconvoluted using Fraser-Suzuki deconvolution method into four peaks related to biomass pseudo-components and FM degradation. The deconvoluted curves showed potential synergistic interaction at the lignin and FM decomposition zone (460 – 500 °C). The kinetic analyses were carried out using three model-free methods to investigate the activation energy (Ea) and thermodynamics of co-pyrolysis. The lowest Ea value was obtained at SCG25 %FM%75 % (305.1 – 239 kJ/mol), mostly pronounced in stage II. Py-GC/MS analysis of the co-pyrolysis products demonstrates that the decomposition of polypropylene polymer of the FM promoted the formation of aliphatic hydrocarbons and reduces the overall acidity. This effect was further amplified at higher pyrolysis temperatures (450 – 650 °C). The blending ratio also plays a significant role, with a higher polymer content (SCG25 %FM75 %) leading to a more aliphatic products and a significant decline in carboxylic acids and anhydro-sugars. Moreover, co-pyrolysis reduced the N containing compounds significantly. Finally, policy implications and recommendations for co-pyrolysis adoption were incorporated. Overall, this study highlights the potential of utilizing waste material like SCG and FM for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals and fuels.
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Utilization of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Landfilled Plastic Waste in a Diesel Engine Generator
(2025-09-01)
Sureeyaphan, Mahidol
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Kaewpengkrow, Prangtip Rittichote
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Jirawongnuson, Sirichai
Plastic waste management in Thailand remains a major challenge, largely due to household waste. Most plastic waste is currently managed through landfilling. Implementing energy recovery methods by pyrolysis is crucial to mitigate this problem. This study investigated the properties and performance of pyrolysis oil from landfilled plastic waste and blended with diesel in different ratios for applying diesel engine generators. The chemical analysis by FTIR technique showed that the pyrolysis oil had a composition close to that of diesel, with suitable C-H and C=C functional groups for combustion. The results revealed that the blended oil’s flash and ignition points increased with the proportion of pyrolysis oil. The pyrolysis oil and diesel blending ratio of 40: 60 obtained the highest flash point at 88.67°C and ignition point at 91.33°C, indicating enhanced combustion efficiency. Meanwhile, the 30:70 blending ratio demonstrated the optimal specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and achieved the highest engine efficiency at 84.94%. Regarding exhaust emissions, all blending ratios resulted in a slight increase in nitrogen oxide (NO<inf>x</inf> ) emissions, while sulfur dioxide (SO₂) was not detected in any blend. Pyrolysis oil shows promising performance as an alternative fuel, particularly when utilized in optimal blend ratios, as it not only reduces the environmental burden of plastic waste but also contributes to the preservation of fossil fuel resources for future industrial applications.
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Induction heating pyrolysis of landfilled plastic waste into valuable hydrocarbon fuels
(2025-03-01)
Phongsakun, Kittiphon
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Chaiyaraksa, Chompoonut
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Sricharoenchaikul, Viboon
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Kachapongkun, Pongsakorn
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Kaewpengkrow, Prangtip Rittichote
This research investigated the pyrolysis process for plastic waste treatment using induction heating. The induction system involved a coil wrapped around insulated material to generate heat. The plastic waste was sourced from the Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) sorting process from a 15-year-old landfill in the province of Nonthaburi, Thailand. The pyrolysis was performed at temperatures ranging from 400 to 600°C with a batch reactor. The highest yield of pyrolysis oil was 27.6% wt. at 600°C. Energy consumption for converting plastic waste into oil ranged between 9.50 and 13.36 kWh, with the highest consumption at 600 °C. The produced pyrolysis oil at 600°C achieved the highest HHV of 41.33 MJ/kg. The GC/MS analysis of the pyrolysis oil revealed an increase in aromatic and hydrocarbons (C5-C11 and C12-C20) with rising temperature. These carbon fractions are suitable replacements for heavy oil or diesel fuel, as low-oxygenated compounds, and hydrocarbon content in pyrolysis oil are desirable. The amount of char produced at 400°C was the highest, with a yield that ranged from 45.2% wt. to 67.0% wt. Moreover, the pyrolysis process has a significant advantage in lowering greenhouse gas emissions (0.21–0.25% vol.), which releases less CO2 than the combustion of plastic waste. The findings therefore suggest that pyrolysis oil, which is produced under optimum conditions, can be used as a substitute liquid fuel in the industrial sector, and is consistent with the circular economy's concepts, promoting sustainability and utilizing resource efficiency.
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Pyrolysis Oil Produced from Landfill Waste Plastic with Calcined Fly Ash Catalyst
(2024-01-01)
Aureethum, Kittipob
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Khemkhao, Maneerat
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Chumchery, Nipon
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Kaewpengkrow, Prangtip Rittichote
This research investigated catalytic pyrolysis fuel oil production from waste plastic sourced from a 10-year-old landfill in Nonthaburi Province. The aim is to study the effect of catalysts on producing pyrolysis fuel oil resembling commercial diesel. A bench-scale fixed bed reactor with an 18.85-liter volume was operated at 450°C, using fly ash waste and calcined fly ash at 600°C and 700°C. The chemical composition of the produced pyrolysis oil was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Heating values were determined with a bomb calorimeter. The FT-IR spectrum revealed that aliphatic hydrocarbons, especially alkenes, and alkanes, were the main components of the pyrolysis oil. The highest yields were 53.8% from calcined fly ash at 600°C and 37.3% from fly ash at 700°C. The maximum heating value from raw fly ash was 45.77 MJ/kg. The resulting pyrolysis oil can serve as an alternative liquid fuel in industry.
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Solid waste management by RDF production from landfilled waste to renewable fuel of Nonthaburi
(2023-09-01)
Rahothan, Udorn
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Khemkhao, Maneerat
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Kaewpengkrow, Prangtip Rittichote
A worldwide increase in waste production and energy demand as the world's population grows and consumes more resources: therefore, sustainable waste management strategies are important. The goal of this work is to research the guidelines for the appropriate RDF production and landfill waste management of the Nonthaburi province, Thailand. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) produced from landfilled Waste (LW) in Nonthaburi was investigated the physicochemical. The following procedure has implemented for the production of LW to RDF of 25 tons/hr of LW; (i) the LW was placed in a pre-shredder, which was followed by a primary crusher; (ii) metals were removed from the waste stream using a magnetic separator; (iii) the LW was transferred using a conveyor belt to a dynamic disc screen, where recyclable waste was separated into smaller sizes less than 80 mm.; (iv) the waste passed through an air separator to reject high-density materials (soil and glass); (v) the undesired material were separated manually, and (vi) the desired material were baled. RDF composition consisted of 78.16-67.93% plastics, 2.29-4.34% rubber, 1.27% wood, 1.53-2.19 % textile, and other (soil-like material) 12.19-26.72%. The proximate and elemental analysis of RDF was determined according to the ASTM method. The moisture content was reduced, and the heating value increased to 18.08-29.41 MJ/kg. The results suggested high carbon and low nitrogen content suitable for energy conversion. The separation can effectively convert LW to RDF, which can be applied as an alternative fuel. Therefore, RDF can contribute to a more sustainable and circular economy.
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Enhancing the hydrogen permeation of alumina composite porous membranes via graphene oxide addition
(2023-01-12)
Hankoy, Montree
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Phrompet, Chaiwat
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Ruttanapun, Chesta
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Kaewpengkrow, Prangtip Rittichote
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Vichaphund, Supawan
Graphene oxide (GO) membranes have attracted considerable interest for hydrogen (H<inf>2</inf>) purification applications. However, the addition of GO into matrix materials to enhance the efficiency of H<inf>2</inf> permeation remains a challenge. In this study, the fabrication of alumina/graphene oxide (AGO) composites containing varying contents of GO (0.5–3.0 wt.%) was investigated. The AGO composites were formed into pellets and sintered for 2 h at 1500 °C. Accordingly, the presence of GO in the membranes following sintering was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the porosity of the AGO composites increased from 3.7% to 26.9% as the GO concentration increased from 0.5 wt.% to 3.0 wt.%. Furthermore, the average pore diameter of the AGO composites was in the range of 87–228 nm, and the pore size distribution was unimodal. The performance of the AGO membranes was investigated for the permeance of single gases H<inf>2</inf> and N<inf>2</inf> at 30–500 °C to evaluate their potential for H<inf>2</inf> separation applications. The AGO membranes with a GO addition of 2.5 and 3.0 wt.% exhibited a high hydrogen permeance of 232–410 × 10−6 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1, which was approximately 10 times greater than that of pristine Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> membrane. Additionally, the ideal H<inf>2</inf>/N<inf>2</inf> selectivity values ranged from 4.02 to 4.20. Furthermore, gas permeation through the AGO membrane was observed to follow the Knudsen diffusion mechanism.
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Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption on Alumina/Graphene Oxide Composites at Ambient Temperature
(2022-11-01)
Hankoy, Montree
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Kitiwan, Mettaya
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Phrompet, Chaiwat
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Ruttanapun, Chesta
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Kaewpengkrow, Prangtip Rittichote
Hydrogen sulfide (H<inf>2</inf>S) is one of the most common pollutants found in natural gas and industrial waste. Over the few decades, the removal of H<inf>2</inf>S has become a significant problem. In the field of a clean environment such as water purification and toxic gas removal, graphene oxide (GO) has been found to have advantages. In this study, the influence of GO on alumina (Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>) as an adsorbent of H<inf>2</inf>S was examined. A series of Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/GO (AGO) composites with varying graphene oxide addition (0.5–3.0 wt%) were prepared using the high-temperature sintering method. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicate the primary phase of Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> with hexagonal crystal structure for all AGO composites. Raman spectrometry measurements confirmed that the GO particles were incorporated in AGO composites. The TEM image indicated that GO nanosheets were embedded between Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> grains. The efficiency of AGO adsorbent at ambient temperature was investigated and compared with the pristine Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> adsorbent. The AGO composites adsorbent demonstrated the H<inf>2</inf>S breakthrough capacity in the range of 0.07–0.43 mg/g, which is higher than that of pristine Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> (0.06 mg/g). Furthermore, the highest H<inf>2</inf>S breakthrough capacity of 0.43 mg/g was obtained from AGO containing 3.0 wt% GO. This investigation demonstrates that the AGO adsorbent fabricated using a simple method has the potential to be used for H<inf>2</inf>S removal at ambient temperature.

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