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Characteristic and antioxidant activity of Cladophora glomerata ethanolic extract as affected by prior chlorophyll removal and drying methods
(2022-08-01)
Yarnpakdee, Suthasinee
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Senphan, Theeraphol
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Wangtueai, Sutee
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Jaisan, Chalalai
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Nalinanon, Sitthipong
Impact of prior chlorophyll removal (PCR) and drying methods (freeze- and oven-drying) on characteristics and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extracts (EEs) from Cladophora (C.) glomerata, freshwater macroalgae, were investigated. The extraction yields were found in the range of 7.18%–13.15% with total phenolic (TPC) and total chlorophyll (TCC) contents of 19.40–25.69 mg GAE/g dry extract and 3.58–7.94 mg/g dry extract, respectively. Yield, TPC and TCC decreased when dechlorophyllization was implemented before extraction, regardless of drying method (p ≤.05). Increase in L* value with coincidental decrease in ΔE* value was observed in the EE with PCR. Freeze-dried EE with PCR (FEE-PCR) showed greater antioxidant efficiencies (both in vitro and oxidation model systems) than that oven-dried EE with PCR (p ≤.05). Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis indicated that quercetin-3-O-glucoside was the most abundant phenolic compounds identified in the FEE-PCR. Therefore, freeze drying in combination with PCR was effective preparation method to maximize antioxidant activity and improve color of EE. Practical applications: Lipid oxidation is one of important reactions affected on the deterioration of food quality and safety. Many antioxidants have been widely used to retard lipid oxidation. Due to their health hazard of synthetic antioxidants, the search for safer ingredients with potent antioxidant activity resources is attracted interest. Phenolic compounds, the bioactive substances distributed in aquatic plants, have been known as antioxidant with health benefit. However, chlorophyll associated algal extract influenced on color and bioactivity of phenolic compound, which limits its utility. Moreover, drying technologies also have an impact on a stability of active components in algal sample. To maximize the utility of alga, the appropriate pretreatments by chlorophyll removal along with effective drying method could be a better choice for preservation of bioactive compounds. As a consequence, a wider application can be achieved. The corresponding extracts could therefore be used as an alternative natural antioxidant for food applications, instead of synthetics in a future.
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Sulphation and hydrolysis improvements of bioactivities, and immuno-modulatory properties of edible amanita hemibapha subspecies javanica (Corner and bas) mucilage polysaccharide as a potential in personalized functional foods
(2021-10-01)
Surayot, Utoomporn
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Wangtueai, Sutee
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You, Sangguan
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Techapun, Charin
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Phimolsiripol, Yuthana
In this study, the mucilage polysaccharide (MP) from Amanita hemibapha subspecies javanica was prepared by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation and then fractionated using anion-exchange chromatography equipped with a DEAE Sepharose fast flow column. The most immune-enhancing polysaccharide fraction 2 (MPF2) was subjected to a structural modification such as hydrolysis or over-sulphation. The sulphate and molecular weight (Mw) of over-sulphated (OS1-3) and hydrolysed (HS1-3) derivatives of MPF2 differed between 9.85% and 14.2% and 32.8 and 88.1 × 10<sup>3</sup> g/mol, respectively. Further, the immune-enhancing properties of MPF2 and its derivatives were tested on RAW264.7 and NK cells through various in vitro assays. Interestingly, a low molecular weight of HS1-3 significantly increased the nitric oxide (NO) production (p < 0.05) more than MPF2, indicating that Mw is a major factor in RAW264.7 cell stimulation. In addition, RAW264.7 cells produced various cytokines by up-regulating mRNA expression levels and the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. On the other hand, OS1-3-treated natural killer (NK) cells induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells through the expression of IFN-γ, Grandzyme-B, perforin, NKp30, and FasL. These results demonstrated that sulphate derivatives play an important role in NK cell activation. Further, this study also explores how polysaccharide binds to RAW264.7 and NK cells. MPF2 and HS3 may activate RAW264.7 cells via binding to TLR4 receptors, and OS2 could be activated through the CR3 signalling pathways.
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Extraction, structural characterisation, and immunomodulatory properties of edible amanita hemibapha subspecies javanica (Corner and bas) mucilage polysaccharide as a potential of functional food
(2021-08-01)
Surayot, Utoomporn
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Wangtueai, Sutee
;
You, Sangguan
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Palanisamy, Subramnaian
;
Krusong, Warawut
This research aimed to extract mucilage polysaccharides (MP) from Amanita hemibapha subspecies javanica (Corner and Bas), and further fractionate them using anion-exchange chromatography, yielding two fractions (MPF1 and MPF2). The crude extract, and fractions mainly consisted of carbohydrates (83.5–93.2%) with minor amounts of proteins (5.40–7.20%), and sulphates (1.40–9.30%). Determination of the monosaccharide composition revealed that glucose was the major unit, followed by galactose, mannose, rhamnose, and arabinose. The average molecular weight (MW) of the crude extract and fractions was in the range 104.0–479.4 × 10<sup>3</sup> g/mol. Interestingly, the crude extract, and fractions did not cause any toxic effect in RAW264.7 cells. However, they stimulated the RAW264.7 cells to release nitric oxide and cytokines through the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways via cell surface TLR4. Structural analysis of the most immunestimulating extract fraction, MPF2, revealed that the main backbone consisted of α-D-(1→6)-glucopyranoside. These results suggest that the MPs derived from A. hemibapha subspecies javanica (Corner and Bas) are potent in enhancing immunity; hence, they can be used as a functional ingredient in food products.
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Production and partial characterization of chitosanases from a newly isolated Bacillus cereus
(2007-01-01)
Wangtueai, Sutee
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Worawattanamateekul, Wanchai
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Sangjindavong, Mathana
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Naranong, Nuanphan
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Sirisansaneeyakul, Sarote
The production of chitosanases by a newly isolated Bacillus cereus TP12.24 was studied both in shake flask and fermenter cultures. The M9-chitosan medium was found most suitable with 0.5% chitosan as a sole carbon source optimized under aerobic growth conditions at pH 6.0 and 30°C The specific rates of growth, substrate consumption, and enzyme production were improved using controlled completely aerobic conditions in 2-1 fermenter. While the yield of biomass was considerably increased, the enzyme yield was on the contrary decreased. As a result, the volumetric chitosanases productivity was 43.55 U/1 h, which was 1.2 times that obtained from shake flask culture due to higher specific rates of chitosan consumption and chitosanases production. In this work, the crude chitosanases from Bacillus cereus TP12.24 showed their optimal pH and temperature at 6.5 and 55°C, while the stabilities to pH and temperature were found at 3.0-8.0 and 30-50°C, respectively. The Bacillus cereus chitosanases could be used for preparing the chitosano-oligosaccharides under mild temperature.
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Isolation and screening of chitosanase producing microorganisms
(2006-10-01)
Wangtueai, Sutee
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Worawattanamateekul, Wanchai
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Sangjindavong, Mathana
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Naranong, Nuanphan
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Sirisansaneeyakul, Sarote
A total of 183 isolates of microorganisms were collected from forest soil with the shrimp wastes deposited. The selected four bacterial isolates with high activity of chitosanolytic enzymes on chitosanase detected agar plates (CDA-plates) were TP11.03, TP11.22, TP12.24 and KU22.13. Among them, the potential isolate TP12.24 was identified as Bacillus cereus which produced the highest amount of chitosanase on M9-Chitosan medium.

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