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    Antifungal activities of Chaetomium spp. Against fusarium wilt of tea
    (2016-01-01)
    Huu Phong, Nguyen
    ;
    Pongnak, Wattanachai
    ;
    Soytong, Kasem
    An isolate of Fusarium denominated as NHP-Fusa-2 from tea wilt and root-rot diseased sample collected in Vietnam was identified as Fusarium oxysporum based on molecular analysis of translation elongation factor-1α sequence. Interestingly, it is the first time F. oxysporum is reported as a causal pathogen of wilt and root-rot disease of tea in Vietnam. Chaetomium spp. were investigated to control F. oxysporum NHP-Fusa-2 in in vitro test. Three antagonists (Ch. cupreum CC3003, Ch. globosum CG05, and Ch. lucknowense CL01) inhibited mycelial growth by 31.69–34.03% and reduced conidial production of the pathogen by 67.25–75.92% in the bi-culture antagonistic test after 30 days with non-significant difference in their effect. All the crude extracts of these antagonists significantly inhibited mycelial growth and conidial production of NHP-Fusa-2. MeOH extract of CC3003 was more effective in conidial inhibition of the pathogen than the others, the effective dose (ED<inf>50</inf>) was 85.30 μg/ml of which, it was hexane (49.32 μg/ml) and EtOAc extract (62.17 μg/ml) in the case of CG05 and CL01, respectively.
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    Potential allelopathic effects of Suregada multiflorum and the influence of soil type on its residue's efficacy
    (2010-09-01)
    Laosinwattana, Chamroon
    ;
    Boonleom, Chaninat
    ;
    Teerarak, Montinee
    ;
    Thitavasanta, Sompop
    ;
    Charoenying, Patchanee
    This experiment was conducted to determine the potential allelopathic effects of the aqueous extracts and dried leaf powder of Suregada multiflorum and to find the herbicidal effects of its granule on the weed species, barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis), in various growth media (germination paper, sand, and soil). Observations in this study demonstrated that the potential and magnitude of their inhibitory effects varied among the plant parts. The leaves and branches possessed the strongest inhibition levels, followed by the bark. The aqueous extract from the leaves of S. multiflorum had a remarkably stronger inhibitory effect on the germination and growth of slender amaranth, compared with barnyardgrass; when applied at the concentration of 100-g-L<sup>-1</sup>, it completely inhibited the germination and initial seedling growth of slender amaranth. In addition, all the treatments of the dried leaf powder had stronger inhibition effects than the aqueous extract. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects of the dried leaf granule of S. multiflorum were stronger than the effects of the dried leaf powder at equal rates. The degree of inhibitory effect of the S. multiflorum granule, applied in various growing media, can be classified in order of decreasing inhibition as germination paper = sand > clay soil. The present study indicates that the S. multiflorum granule product that was developed in this research has the potential to provide a powerful organic herbicide for controlling slender amaranth. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Weed Science Society of Japan.
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    Evaluation of allelopathic, decomposition and cytogenetic activities of Jasminum officinale L. f. var. grandiflorum (L.) Kob. on bioassay plants
    (2010-07-01)
    Teerarak, Montinee
    ;
    Laosinwattana, Chamroon
    ;
    Charoenying, Patchanee
    Methanolic extracts prepared from dried leaves of Jasminum officinale f. var. grandiflorum (L.) Kob. (Spanish jasmine) inhibited seed germination and stunted both root and shoot length of the weeds Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. and Phaseolus lathyroides L. The main active compound was isolated and determined by spectral data as a secoiridoid glucoside named oleuropein. In addition, a decrease in allelopathic efficacy appeared as the decomposition periods increased. The mitotic index in treated onion root tips decreased with increasing concentrations of the extracts and longer periods of treatment. Likewise, the mitotic phase index was altered in onion incubated with crude extract. Furthermore, crude extract produced mitotic abnormalities resulting from its action on chromatin organization and mitotic spindle. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Allelopathic potential of Chinese rice flower (aglaia odorata Lour.) as organic herbicide
    (2009-01-01)
    Laosinwattana, C.
    ;
    Poonpaiboonpipat, T.
    ;
    Teerarak, M.
    ;
    Phuwiwat, W.
    ;
    Mongkolaussavaratana, T.
    The aqueous extracts of leaf and branches of Aglaia odorata inhibited the germination and seedling growth of bamyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) and wild pea (Phaseolus lathyroides L.) over the control. Besides its dry leaf powder (31.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/plate) was more inhibitory to these parameters than aqueous extract. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of dried leaf pellets of Chinese rice flower were more stronger than dried leaf powders at equal rates. The pellets applied at 0.5 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> dose as soil surface mulch inhibited the seedlings emrgence of banyardgrass and wild pea by 67% and 2%, respectively. Thus the Chinese rice flower pellets has the potential to act as organic herbicide for control of bamyardgrass weed.
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    Assessment of allelopathic potential of Vetivergrass (Vetiveria spp.) ecotypes
    (2007-01-01)
    Laosinwattana, C.
    ;
    Phuwiwat, W.
    ;
    Charoenying, P.
    We selected and examined 10 ecotypes of vetivergrass for their allelopathic effects. The allelopatbhic effects of aqueous extracts of each ecotype leaf, rhizome and root plant parts were determined on germination of radish (Raphanus sativas L.). All studied ecotypes inhibited the radish germination and magnitude of their inhibitory effects were ecotypes dependent and varied among plant parts. Nakhon Sawan ecotype was most inhibitory to radish seed germination. Leaves caused strongest inhibition, followed by rhizomes and roots. In another bioassay, the aqueous extracts (concentration of 100 mg/ml) from leaves of Nakhon Sawan ecotype were applied at germination of 15 bioassay plants. Radish, Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) and Chinese kale (Brasica oleracea var. alboglabra) were the most sensitive to the extract. Besides, a pot experiment showed that Nakhon Sawan leaf residues used as mulch on the soil surface or incorporated into soil reduced the germination and biomass of radish. To isolate inhibitory allelochemicals, methanol extract of Nakhon Sawan ecotype leaf was partitioned into ethyl acetate soluble acidic, neutral and aqueous fractions. The inhibition activities of three fractions were compared with the original extract. The results showed that inhibitory effects increased after solvent partitioning. The original extracts caused 22% inhibition in germination of radish seed at 4,000 ppm, while, ethyl acetate soluble acidic fraction at 4,000 ppm completely inhibited the seed germination. © International Allelopathy Foundation 2007.