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Polarization phase shifting for thickness measurement of NiO material transport layer using Sagnac interferometer
(2023-01-01)
Usman, Abdullahi
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Thonglim, Pachara
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Bhatranand, Apichai
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Pimanpang, Samuk
;
Buranasiri, Prathan
The optical interferometric technique with polarization phase shifting has been realized as one of the most important techniques for optical non-contact measurements. However, the measurement of thin film thickness using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been inconvenient due to the high cost of maintenance. This research aims to measure the thickness of the Hole Transport Material Nickel (II) oxide (NiO) layer deposited on a glass substrate (NiO/FTO layer) using phase shifting in a Sagnac interferometer. In the experimental setup, the signal is split into the FTO reference arm and the NiO/FTO sample arm using a nonpolarizing beam splitter. The split signals are then detected through a balanced photodetector. By analyzing the signal intensities at polarization settings ranging from 0° to 90°, the phase shift and thickness of the NiO layer can be determined. In this study, a NiO thickness value of 281.64 nm was successfully achieved. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed measurement method, the percentage error between the proposed technique and the conventional SEM method was computed. The percentage error was found to be 0.23%. These results indicate that the proposed setup holds promise as a cost-effective alternative to SEM for measuring thin film thickness.
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Piezoelectric properties and domain configurations of PZT ceramic with NiO addition
(2013-12-01)
Jaitanong, N.
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Vittayakorn, W. C.
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Zeng, H. R.
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Yin, Q. R.
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Yimnirun, R.
The effects of nickel oxide addition on the piezoelectric properties and domain configurations of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic were investigated. PZT with nickel additive having the compositions of (1-x) PZT-xNiO when x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10. The piezoelectric properties (d3<inf>3</inf>) of all ceramics were measured at room temperature using d3 <inf>3</inf> meter. The domain structure was observed using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). From the results, it could be seen that the properties of PZT ceramic with nickel addition changed significantly with regards to the sintering temperature and nickel content. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
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The Coulomb interaction and volume compression effect on spin and orbital magnetic moment of NiO
(2011-12-01)
Thassana, Chewa
;
Techitdheera, Wicharn
This calculation focuses on the effect of the Coulomb interaction U and the volume compression (VC) on both spin (m <inf>s</inf>) and orbital (m <inf>o</inf>) magnetic moment of NiO by using the local spin density approximation plus the Coulomb interaction (LSDA+U) method within full potential linear muffin-tin orbital (FP-LMTO). Our calculated results indicated that both spin and orbital magnetic moment strongly correlated to U and VC. The relevant results exhibited the increasing spin and orbital magnetic moments with increasing Coulomb interaction and decreasing volume compression. The interesting behavior appears when volume compression is greater than 70% at which ms collapses whereas mo linearly decreases. Further increase of volume compression to be at 80% leads to the disappearance of both magnetic moments. The present results exhibit the good correspondence to the experimental data at the normal pressure and U value of 6 eV. Copyright © 2011 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.
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Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells based on TiO 2/NiO core-shell nanocomposites
(2011-07-01)
Mekprasart, Wanichaya
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Noonuruk, Russameeruk
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Jarernboon, Wirat
;
Pecharapa, Wisanu
The core-shell nanocomposites of titanium dioxide (TiO <inf>2</inf>) and nickel oxide (NiO) used as modified photoelectrode materials in a quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (quasi-DSSC) were synthesized using TiO <inf>2</inf> P-25 and a nickel acetate precursor, via ball milling. The as-obtained intermediate products were annealed at 350, 450, and 550 °C. The structural properties of the NiO/TiO <inf>2</inf> nanocomposites were well characterized via X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results imply that NiO-shell-coated TiO <inf>2</inf> nanoparticles can be obtained with the assistance of sufficient thermal energy in the system. The crystallite size of the composite increased as the annealing temperature increased. Among all the prepared conditions, the composite with 0.1 wt% NiO exhibited the best performance, with an optimized solar-energy conversion efficiency of 2.29% and with a short-circuit current density of 7.21 mA/cm <sup>2</sup>. The significant enhancement of the device's current density may be associated with the charge recombination suppression by the NiO shell, which acted as a potential barrier in the composite. The decrease in the recombination of the photo-injected electrons, and the increase in the number of electrons tunneling through the NiO layer at the interface, may have resulted from the presence of a NiO layer on the TiO <inf>2</inf> nanoparticles. Copyright © 2011 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

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