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    Sol-gel combustion synthesis and characterizations of nanocrystalline Zinc, Nickel and Nickel-Zinc ferrites
    (2013-10-29)
    Tangcharoen, Thanit
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    Ruangphanit, Anucha
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    Klysubun, Wantana
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    In this work, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements were employed to investigate the crystal structure, chemical bonding and magnetic properties of the nanocrystalline Zinc, Nickel and Nickel-Zinc ferrites (ZnFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>, NiFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> and Ni<inf>0.5</inf>Zn<inf>0.5</inf>Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>) which were synthesized by sol-gel combustion method. Moreover, the composition of elements and the electronic structure including the cation distribution for all ferrite samples were examined through synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra. The overall characterization results indicate that the different amount of zinc and nickel ions in ferrites has crucial effect on their physical, magnetism and the site occupancy distribution of Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
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    X-ray characterization, structural analysis, antibacterial activity, and self-cleaning property of Cu-doped TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite prepared by sonochemical process
    (2024-12-01) ;
    Songpanit, Maneerat
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    Sanyen, Thanyapa
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    Samart, Sutichai
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    TiO<inf>2</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf> nanocomposites with different copper (Cu) precursor loadings were prepared by a one-step sonochemical process. The mole ratio of Cu precursor in TiO<inf>2</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf> composite was varied at 0.004, 0.008, 0.020, and 0.040, respectively. The specific X-ray characterization techniques on crystalline structure, chemical composition, and chemical states of Cu-doped TiO<inf>2</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf> composite were carried out by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Surface morphology and chemical bonding of Cu-doped TiO<inf>2</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf> composite were monitored by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). For antibacterial properties, the inhibition zone of antimicrobial activity was investigated by varying amounts of Cu precursors in the TiO<inf>2</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf> composite. After that, Cu-doped TiO<inf>2</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf> composite powder with different Cu precursor ratios was mixed in PMMA solution and deposited on glass slides to study the optical property and hydrophilicity by UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer and contact angle method. XRD patterns of Cu-doped TiO<inf>2</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf> nanocomposites show the formation of the main TiO<inf>2</inf> anatase phase with the ultrafine particles observed by FE-SEM images. FT-IR spectra of the composites are assigned to the prominent peaks of the Ti-O-Ti and Ti-O-Si bond relating to the TiO<inf>2</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf> host matrix. Meanwhile, TiO<inf>2</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf> composites with Cu precursor at 0.004 mol ratio can significantly enhance the antibacterial activity with a large inhibition zone. The contact angle value of Cu-doped TiO<inf>2</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf> nanocomposite film at 0.040 Cu precursor mole ratio in the TiO<inf>2</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf> matrix resulted in the optimized composite ratio for achieving a hydrophilic surface on the substrate.
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    Spectroscopic investigation and local structure of Eu3+ ions in lead phosphate glasses for optical device applications
    (2024-04-01)
    Basavapoornima, Ch
    ;
    Masthanaiah, E.
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    Vijaya, N.
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    Depuru, Shobha Rani
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    Kaewkhao, J.
    Phosphate-based glasses are promising materials which are being employed for broad range of applications whereas Eu<sup>3+</sup> is an efficient activator due to its predominant <sup>5</sup>D<inf>0</inf> →<sup>7</sup>F<inf>2</inf> emission (red region). In this direction, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions doped lead phosphate glasses (PPbKANEu: P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>+PbO+K<inf>2</inf>O+Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>+Na<inf>2</inf>O+Eu<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>) to explore possible photonic device applications. Optical absorption, excitation, photoluminescence and decay rates are used to characterize the PPbKANEu glasses. The photoluminescence spectrum of Eu<sup>3+</sup>:PPbKAN glasses exhibit emission channels from the first excited (<sup>5</sup>D<inf>0</inf>) to the ground (<sup>7</sup>F<inf>J</inf> (J =0–4)) multiplets. To determine the local site symmetry of surrounding Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions, the relative fluorescence intensity ratio of <sup>5</sup>D<inf>0</inf>→<sup>7</sup>F<inf>1</inf> versus <sup>5</sup>D<inf>0</inf>→<sup>7</sup>F<inf>2</inf> emission channels has been analyzed. The emission spectrum of PPbKANEu glasses exhibits a comprehensive lifting of degeneracy of <sup>5</sup>D<inf>0</inf>→<sup>7</sup>F<inf>2</inf> and <sup>5</sup>D<inf>0</inf>→<sup>7</sup>F<inf>1</inf> emission channels. By considering C<inf>2v</inf> symmetry for Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions, the second (B<inf>0</inf><sup>2</sup><sup>=</sup> −406 and B<inf>2</inf><sup>2</sup>=−158) and fourth (B<inf>0</inf><sup>4</sup>=980, B<inf>2</inf><sup>4</sup>=297 and B<inf>4</inf><sup>4</sup>=926 cm<sup>–1</sup>) rank crystal–field (CF) characteristics were estimated along with CF strength factor (S= 402 cm<sup>–1</sup>). The lifetime of <sup>5</sup>D<inf>0</inf> state is estimated to be 2.09, 2.23, 2.21 and 2.21 ms for 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mol% of Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions, respectively. The analysis of the decay times reveals that the lifetime of <sup>5</sup>D<inf>0</inf> state is less affected by the concentration of the Eu<sup>3+</sup> ion. The results are compared and discussed with reported values and confirm the potentiality of the PPbKANEu glasses for optical device applications in visible regions.
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    Microwave-assisted synthesis of ZnO/MWCNT hybrid nanocomposites and their alcohol-sensing properties
    (2014-01-01)
    Potirak, Prayut
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    ;
    Techitdheera, Wichan
    Zinc oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotube (ZnO/MWCNT) hybrid nanocomposites were synthesised by microwave-assisted method using the mixed solution of zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O) and treated MWCNTs. The syntheses were carried out at various microwave irradiation powers. The characterisation of the as-synthesised nanocomposites was conducted by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results revealed that the composites were composed of two phases of MWCNTs and hexagonal wurzite ZnO. The SEM results showed that the ZnO nanoparticles were well decorated on the surface of MWCNTs. The amount of ZnO nanoparticles and their size increased with increasing irradiation power. Thick-film sensors were fabricated onto interdigitated conducting electrodes using as-synthesised hybrid composites as sensing materials. The alcohol-sensing behaviour of the hybrid composite films was investigated. The results indicated that the irradiation power had significant influence on the sensing response of the sensors toward alcohol. The sensor fabricated from the composite synthesised at higher irradiation power exhibited an enhanced alcohol-sensing performance. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.
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    ZnO nanostructures synthesized by one-step sol-gel process using different zinc precursors
    (2024-01-01)
    SONGPANIT, Maneerat
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    ; ;
    Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopowders have been widely applied in electronics, optics and photocatalytic applications depending on their morphological structure. In the bottom-up process, it is conceived that the different zinc precursors may result in different formations of ZnO nanostructures with exceptional morphology. This work focuses on ZnO material synthesized via the facile sol-gel synthesis using different zinc slat precursors, including zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, zinc sulphate, and zinc chloride. All zinc salt precursors were incorporated with sodium hydroxide and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) under mild thermal energy with consistent conditions to investigate ZnO formation. The as-prepared samples appeared in white powders with different aggregation features. The crystalline phase, surface morphologies, and element mapping of all ZnO samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The chemical bonding structure of ZnO powders was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The specific surface area per volume of ZnO nanopowders obtained by different zinc salt precursors was analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. All ZnO samples obtained from various zinc salt precursors exhibited a high crystallinity of the wurtzite structure without other impurities. The structural properties of ZnO nanopowders demonstrated different sizes and structures with distinguished formation and aggregation depending on the zinc precursor basic strength being used.
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    Growth of ZnO nano-rods and its photoconductive characteristics on the photo-catalytic properties
    (2019-01-01)
    Worasawat, Suchada
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    Tasaki, Katsuyoshi
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    Hatanaka, Yoshinori
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    Neo, Yoichiro
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    Mimura, Hidenori
    Zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-rods has widely been investigated as a promising material for photo-catalysis, due to its high photocatalytic activity for the ambient gas molecules. Well-aligned ZnO nano-rods arrays were obtained by the two steps growth. Firstly, seeding layer deposition by RF magnetron sputtering, and secondly, nano-rods growth by hydrothermal processes were investigated. Moreover, after the samples were annealed at 450 ºC, these samples were compared in crystalline characteristics and photo-electronic characteristics. The morphology of grown ZnO nano-rods were observed as the hexagonal nano-rods and XRD shows a (002) orientation in wurtzite crystals structure. Annealing processes shows a remarkable improvement of crystallinity. PL measurements showed a steep band edge emission and broad defect states emission and also fairly improvement in crystalline properties by the annealing process. The photoconductivity measurement could lead to investigate the photo-catalytic phenomena on the surface of ZnO nano-rods against the environmental gas molecules. The annealed samples showed a higher photo-conductivity and surface activity for the oxygen gas molecules comparing to the as grown samples.
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    Investigation of structural properties of CuPc/TiO2 nanocomposites
    (2010-02-05)
    Saributr, Chaloempol
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    Makprasat, Wanichaya
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    Structural properties of hybrid nanocomposites based on TiO<inf>2</inf> nanostructures and Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) were investigated. The composites were prepared by mixing TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticle (TNP) and nanotube (TNT) with CuPc suspension. The precipitated composites were obtained by centrifuged and dried processes. Structural properties of the composites were evaluated by mean of Raman Spectroscopy and X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS). The results implied that CuPc has interatomic distance of C atoms in the second shell are decreased when CuPc is in the hybrid composites. © (2010) Trans Tech Publications.
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    Optimization of Pr3+-doped glasses for photonic applications: an overview and challenges in Judd–Ofelt analysis
    (2026-07-17)
    Kesavulu, C. R.
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    Soumya, S.
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    Saikia, Darshana
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    Jayasankar, Deviprasad Chalicheemalapalli
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    Characteristics (optical, luminescence, up-conversion, etc.) of triply ionized Praseodymium (Pr<sup>3+</sup>) ions doped glasses, glass-ceramics, phosphors and crystals have been widely studied for the development of photonic devices. Most of these characteristics are mainly based on Judd–Ofelt (JO) theory to interpret transition intensities and in turn to simulate radiative properties of Pr<sup>3+</sup> ions based optical materials. However, JO analysis provides inconsistent results for Pr<sup>3+</sup>:glasses. Further, besides no review is available focusing on uneven findings of Pr<sup>3+</sup>:glasses. Therefore, a comprehensive data on Pr<sup>3+</sup>:glasses have been collected (490 Pr<sup>3+</sup>:glasses) and compared, besides labeling glass compositions systematically. The properties that are reviewed include, Nephelauxetic effect, optical energy gap, thermal, JO parameters, radiative properties, etc. It has been noticed that the systematic study either in preparation or optimization of characteristic properties are very much missing. Moreover, large number of data sets of literature are presented at one place which is very much useful for predictive modeling approaches. Also, the primary focus of the present review is not to provide a comprehensive summary of all studies conducted so far or to discuss new findings, but rather to highlight the challenges associated with JO parameters for Pr<sup>3+</sup> ions that influence the development of optical materials, components, and applications.
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    Growth and characterization of Ni3FeN thin films by reactive gas timing RF magnetron sputtering
    (2010-05-05)
    Techitdheera, Wicharn
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    Thassana, Chewa
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    Nukaew, Jiti
    Ni<inf>3</inf>FeN films were deposited on the glass substrate at room temperature by reactive gas timing rf magnetron sputtering, with two conditions: (1) a time period of Ar:N<inf>2</inf> gas (2) a flow rate of Ar:N<inf>2</inf> gas. Our results show that sputter rate increase with increasing of a time period and the rate of Ar:N<inf>2</inf> gas. The crystal structure of thin films was investigated by x-ray diffraction show fcc structure of Ni<inf>3</inf>FeN (200) plane. The lattice constants increase with increasing of the flow rate of the nitrogen gas but it decrease with increasing of a time period of Ar gas. The grain size of thin films were investigated by atomic force microscope show the size range between 20-120 nm. ©2010 IEEE.
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    Effect of nitrogen doping on optical and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 thin film prepared by spin coating process
    (2013-01-01) ;
    Khumtong, Thanakorn
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    Rattanarak, Jiravat
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    Techitdheera, Wicharn
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    Nitrogen-doped TiO<inf>2</inf> thin films were prepared by spin coating on glass substrate. Different amount of nitrogen doped in TiO<inf>2</inf> matrix was 0, 3 and 10%. As-obtained films were annealed at 400°C for 2 h. The optical and photocatalytic properties of N-doped TiO<inf>2</inf> thin films were analyzed via UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The chemical properties were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and Raman spectroscopy. When doping TiO<inf>2</inf> with nitrogen, its absorption spectrum is shifted to visible region resulting to the enhancement of photocatalyst properties in dye photodegradation. Raman and FTIR patterns show that N-doped TiO<inf>2</inf> pattern is still identical to undoped TiO<inf>2</inf> pattern resulting to unsubstitutation of nitrogen atom in Ti-O bonding. © 2013 The Authors.