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Tribovoltaic performance of the Schottky contact between metal and PZT ceramic
(2024-12-01)
Sriphan, Saichon
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Worathat, Supakarn
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Pakawanit, Phakkhananan
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Hajra, Sugato
;
Kim, Hoe Joon
The sliding contact between a metal or semiconductor with another semiconductor can lead to a new charge generation mechanism known as the tribovoltaic effect. This effect has several advantage over the more common triboelectric effect, such as a higher rate of charge transfer and the ability to produce a direct current (DC) output directly via the junction interface. During operation, the junction interface produces a built-in electric field. In this study, we investigate the tribovoltaic effect on sliding between copper and unpoled lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic. It was found that the contact between the metal and semiconducting oxide ceramic leads to the Schottky junction effect, which can effectively drive frictionally excited charges to an external load. By increasing the applied stress to PZT, we observed different current-voltage characteristic curves. The proposed electronic band behavior determines the electrical output direction in the tribovoltaic nanogenerator (TVNG). This direction depends on the built-in electric fields formed at the junction. The performance of the TVNG was tested in both series and parallel connections, observing clearly improved electrical outputs for both. The proposed TVNG can efficiently power small electronic devices, such as LEDs, and charge capacitors in a short period of time. This work expands the understanding of unconventional transport mechanisms through the Schottky contact of PZT and metal, and provides fundamental knowledge for the future development of tribovoltaic devices.
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Triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered traffic monitoring
(2024-05-01)
Behera, Swayam Aryam
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Kim, Hang Gyeom
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Jang, Il Ryu
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Hajra, Sugato
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Panda, Swati
This work aims to create energy-harvesting composites using poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) EVA, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and polyaniline (PANI) composites. The novelty lies in the fabrication of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) using EVA-PZT-PANI composites. These composites combine the flexibility of EVA polymer with the electricity-generating power of PZT ceramic and the conductivity of PANI. Systematic investigation of the structural, electrical, and microstructural properties of these composites is carried out to optimize their energy-harvesting performance. Among various compositions, the EVP3 device demonstrates exceptional output, generating a peak voltage of 17.8 V and a current of 190 nA at 2 Hz and 5 N applied force. The TENG demonstrates its versatility in harvesting energy from various sources by powering capacitors and collecting energy from human motions. Moreover, we show the potential application of the TENG for real-time traffic monitoring. By embedding the TENG into roads, we can measure car speeds and serve as a traffic management counter, opening up new possibilities for self-powered intelligent transportation systems.
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Development and fatigue testing of a PZT assembly with PE housing for harvesting mechanical energy
(2019-01-01)
Punsawat, Woratat
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Khaosa-Ard, Krittanat
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Makcharoen, Worawut
This paper presents the results of simulation of design and a real fatigue test of a protected PZT assembly for energy harvesting application. The protection was from a new encapsulation design. Based on a previous unpublished research, simulation runs with ANSYS program to simulate the effect of stress on Polyethylene (PE) protective layers of various shapes were performed and the results demonstrated that PE layers of rectangular shape were able to distribute an external pressure at a suitable amount to the PZT sheet and withstand repeated pressings from an external pressure in the range of 5-20 MPa. These results enabled us to choose the best shape of PZT sheet and PE housing assembly. The fatigue parameter of the assembly was determined by subjecting the assembly to a repeated external force. And the voltage cycle of the encapsulated PZT assembly was measured with an oscilloscope. The voltage cycle test results show similarly-shaped cycles with a mean voltage of 3.76 V both before and after the assembly was subjected repeatedly to an external force. The fatigue parameter was defined as a minimum voltage that the assembly could deliver after a large number of repeated pressings by an external pressure in the range of 5-20 MPa. Our criterion of successful protection was a minimum of 3.5 V after 4,500 pressings. Therefore, we concluded that the constructed assembly was able to withstand an external operating pressure satisfactorily.
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Reliability of PMN-PT piezoelectric material as an actuator for high density hard disk drive
(2018-07-02)
Wattananukulchai, Parinya
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Isarakorn, Don
In the latest high-density hard disk drives (HDDs), the piezoelectric actuator of head gimbal assembly (HGA) is the key technology for precisely positioning the magnetic head. To increase HDD's areal density, a smaller track pitch and a faster spindle speed should be used but the faster the spindle rotates the larger the disturbance is. Hence, a newer PMN-PT piezoelectric actuator is needed to overcome the displacement bandwidth limitation restricted by the current PZT piezoelectric actuator. This paper investigated the reliability and performance of PMN-PT piezoelectric single crystal that was implemented on the a commercial HGA for the first time in an experiment. The objectives were to ensure that PMN-PT would not crack during the HDD assembly process and the performance of HDD equipped with this material was still reliable under thermal degradation. From the experiments on a prototype HGA, it was found that PMN-PT had a high degradation temperature of 150<sup>0</sup>C and was 2 times harder than PZT piezoelectric.
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Performance evaluation using laser doppler vibrometer sensing technique on advanced lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate piezoelectric-material-based microactuator for hard drive head
(2018-01-01)
Wattananukulchai, Parinya
;
Isarakorn, Don
This paper presents a microactuator for a dual-stage actuator (DSA) of hard disk drive (HDD) based on a lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) piezoelectric material and a comparative evaluation of its performance versus that of a traditional lead zirconate titanate (PZT) microactuator using the laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) sensing technique. PZT microactuator technology has commonly been implemented in the read/write (R/W) magnetic head of HDD. It has a significant function, that is, it moves the magnetic head rapidly and accurately. In order to achieve both accurate positioning control on data tracks and high-speed access across another data track, advanced high-performance actuators and servo control technologies are necessary. An actuator with a wide stroke travel range is essential for HDD as it gives a high-speed access performance. In this study, we focused on comparing the proposed dual-stage PMN-PT head-based actuator with the existing PZT actuator that were mounted on a commercial head gimbal assembly (HGA) using an LDV to determine whether the proposed device could be a worthy replacement of the traditional PZT microactuator. Our experimental results show that the proposed PMN-PT microactuator provided more than twofold improvement in the stroke travel of the R/W magnetic head. Moreover, its dynamic behavior was suitable for assembling a high-density HDD in the future for big data storage without any needs to redesign the HGA nor to costly invest in new assembling machines in a production line. The comparative data of dynamic and static behaviors of PMN-PT versus PZT obtained in this study may be put to good use by sensor designers. Moreover, for many cyber-physical system designers, our data may make them take interest in PMN-PT as a better-performing sensor and an actuator for their systems.
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Generation and storage of electrical energy from piezoelectric materials
(2017-07-25)
Songsukthawan, Panapong
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Jettanasen, Chaiyan
The electrical energy generation and storage from piezoelectric materials are focused and discussed in this paper. This kind of materials is able to directly convert mechanical energy into electrical one, which can be later stored by utilizing energy harvesting technique/circuit. The energy conversion from ambient vibration is indeed nowadays fascinating research area. Due to the compatibility to integrate with electronics and microsystem with high voltage and supporting standalone circuit, it is the most popular electromechanical transducer materials for low power consumption applications, such as wireless and sensors. This paper focuses how to extract energy from piezoelectric materials to be stored in the energy storage device such as battery, in order to later supply electronic/electrical device/equipment. The simulation in MATLAB Simulink is presented and experimental results are also carried out in order to confirm the effectiveness of energy extraction. Consequently, this work may be practical for energy supplying of low power devices.
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A comparative study based on classical and newer piezoelectric materials based unimorph actuators for Hard Disk Drive
(2017-02-08)
Wattananukulchai, Parinya
;
Isarakorn, Don
The piezoelectric actuator technology for moving the read-write head of Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is very important and widely used. Advanced high-performance technologies for the actuator and servo control are required in order to achieve not only accurate positioning control on data tracks but also high-speed access onto another data track. There is strong demand for hard disk drives with high-speed access performance, which generally requires actuators with a wider servo bandwidth. This paper focuses on the comparative piezoelectric materials based unimorph actuators with classical piezo (Poly crystalline PZT) and newer piezo (Single-crystalline PMN-PT) ceramics. The advantages of piezoelectric materials in terms of mechanical and electrical characteristics aiming at a useful compromise performance displacement and resonant frequency are studied and analyzed.
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Performance analysis of maximum power transfer in piezoelectric energy harvesting
(2015-01-01)
Songsukthawan, P.
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Jettanasen, C.
Using piezoelectric materials to harvest energy from ambient vibrations to low power required systems such as wireless and sensor for purpose of non-battery utilization, which leads to reduce production of global warming gases, has become increasingly interested. Due to rather low power output of the piezoelectric transducer and relatively high cost per watt of piezoelectric materials, simulation and performance analysis to find maximum power point of the variation of its parameters are considered. This paper presents the modeling of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) employed in low frequency application using mechanical force and simulated in Capture OrCAD environment. The parametric studies are also carried out in order to identify the point that provides the highest performance allowing making decision for choosing proper piezoelectric material characteristics to match to specific tasks.
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Piezoelectric properties and domain configurations of PZT ceramic with NiO addition
(2013-12-01)
Jaitanong, N.
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Vittayakorn, W. C.
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Zeng, H. R.
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Yin, Q. R.
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Yimnirun, R.
The effects of nickel oxide addition on the piezoelectric properties and domain configurations of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic were investigated. PZT with nickel additive having the compositions of (1-x) PZT-xNiO when x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10. The piezoelectric properties (d3<inf>3</inf>) of all ceramics were measured at room temperature using d3 <inf>3</inf> meter. The domain structure was observed using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). From the results, it could be seen that the properties of PZT ceramic with nickel addition changed significantly with regards to the sintering temperature and nickel content. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
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Investigation of the influence of thermal treatment on the morphologies, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of PZT-based ceramics
(2007-08-16)
Vittayakorn, Naratip
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Rujijanagul, Gobwute
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Cann, David P.
Pb[(Zr<inf>1/2</inf>Ti<inf>1/2</inf>)<inf>0.9</inf>(Zn<inf>1/3</inf>Nb<inf>2/3</inf>)<inf>0.1</inf>]O<inf>3</inf> (PZT-10PZN) powder was prepared using the columbite precursor method. The phase development of calcined powder precursors was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the as-sintered and annealed samples were measured and correlated with the microstructure. The morphological evolution was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The as-sintered ceramic exhibited weak normal-ferroelectric behavior, with a relatively low dielectric constant maximum measured at 1 kHz (ε<inf>rmax</inf> at 1 kHz) of 13,000. Annealing resulted in a transition to relaxor-ferroelectric-like behavior, a shift in the dielectric maximum temperature from 360 to 350 °C, and a dramatic increase in ε<inf>rmax</inf> at 1 kHz to a maximum value of 35,000 for the longer anneal. Furthermore, after thermal annealing at 900 °C for 1 week the composition shifted close to the MPB with a great reduction in the transition temperature and a broadening of the dielectric constant maximum. A strong enhancement of the remanent polarization (P<inf>r</inf>) was also observed. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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