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Sustainable Production of Biomethanol and Its Environmental Impacts
(2025-01-01)
Detchusananard, Thanaphorn
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Im-Orb, Karittha
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Wiranarongkorn, Kunlanan
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Chen, Yong Song
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
Utilizing biomass and biogas sourced from various organic waste materials as renewable feedstocks for biomethanol production offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum oil, and natural gas. This chapter provides an exploration of several technologies employed in biomethanol production, including biomass gasification, biomass pyrolysis, and biogas upgrading. Syngas production and conditioning, methanol synthesis and separation, and integrating systems with other renewable energy sources are found to be crucial stages towards achieving sustainable production. The chapter comprehensively evaluates the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of each biomethanol production process. Furthermore, it delves into ongoing efforts to improve and develop biomethanol-production processes to achieve the carbon neutrality goals. The chapter also outlines emerging trends and future research directions in the field of biomethanol production.
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Comparative techno-economic assessment of bio-methanol and bio-DME production from oil palm residue
(2022-04-15)
Im-orb, Karittha
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
The techno-economic assessment was performed to investigate and compare the production of bio-methanol and bio-dimethyl ether (bio-DME) via the combined gasification and chemical synthesis processes (i.e., gasification-methanol (MeOH) and gasification-DME). The combined processes were simulated using oxygen as a gasifying agent and the oil palm trunk, the agricultural waste generated from the palm oil industry, as feedstock. The gasification-MeOH process offered a higher amount of valuable product (methanol) and released a larger amount of CO<inf>2</inf>. The energy analysis indicated the two biomass conversion processes were exothermic process. The gasification-DME process presented a higher biomass conversion efficiency of 59.5% compared to 47.6% of the gasification-MeOH. The pinch analysis of gasification-MeOH and the gasification-DME processes indicated threshold pinch that required only cold utility of 0.5542 kW and 0.7258 kW, respectively. Regarding the economic aspect, the two processes were still not economically feasible, and the methanol and DME prices and the project lifetime influenced their economic performance. However, due to the high product price, the gasification-DME process was approximately 7% more economically feasible than the gasification-MeOH process.
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Novel biorefinery-Integrated-Kraft-pulping network for sustainable development
(2021-06-01)
Mongkhonsiri, Ghochapon
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Anantpinijwatna, Amata
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Charoensuppanimit, Pongtorn
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
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Gani, Rafiqul
Integration of the biorefinery concept to the existing Kraft-pulping process is undertaken to achieve a more sustainable development. This paper aims at developing a novel biorefinery-integrated-Kraft-pulping network with improved profitability, energy self-sufficiency and minimum CO<inf>2</inf> emission by employing technologies consisting of biofuel and biochemical productions, biomass gasification together with CO<inf>2</inf> capture and utilization. Three scenarios, including (I) the production of gasification-based dimethyl ether (DME); (II) the co-production of DME and succinic acid; and (III) the co-production of DME and succinic acid coupled with the CO<inf>2</inf> utilization, have been investigated. Among all scenarios, Scenario II exhibits the best economic performances as highlighted by the 74% increase of profit compared to the conventional process. Scenario III achieves the highest energy efficiency at 39% and an improved environmental performance due to the 65% reduction of CO<inf>2</inf> emission compared to the conventional process with only 0.7% profit reduction. Comparing to the biorefinery-integrated-Soda-pulping networks proposed by the previous work, the biorefinery-integrated-Kraft-pulping networks show higher performance on both economic and environmental improvements. Thereby confirming that the integration of the biorefinery network can improve the sustainability and enhance the economic benefit of the Kraft-pulping process beyond the conventional process.
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Bio-methanol production from oil palm residues: A thermodynamic analysis
(2020-12-15)
Im-orb, Karittha
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Phan, Anh N.
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
The thermodynamic analysis of bio-methanol production from oil palm residues was performed using a process model developed in Aspen Plus. Among the different types of oil palm residues, i.e., trunk, frond, and empty fruit bunch, the trunk residue offers the highest synthesis gas (syngas) (H<inf>2</inf> and CO) yields via the gasification process; therefore, it was selected as the biomass model compound. The effect of gasification operating conditions on the syngas composition, yield, bio-methanol production, energy consumption, and exergy performance was examined. The yield of syngas increased with increasing gasifying temperature, whereas that of bio-methanol exhibited the opposite trend due to the decrease in H<inf>2</inf> concentration of the syngas. The gasifier was an important unit for enhancing the exergy efficiency of the system, which was decreased when the equivalent ratio (ER) and gasifying temperature increased. Recirculating pressure swing adsorption offgas to the gasifier did not benefit bio-methanol production, nor did it improve energy and exergy performance. The maximum yield of bio-methanol was achieved by a once-through process that maintained the gasifying temperature at 750 °C and ER at 0.25. Under these conditions, the maximum energy and exergy efficiencies were 38.57 and 25.44%, respectively.
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Process and sustainability analyses of the integrated biomass pyrolysis, gasification, and methanol synthesis process for methanol production
(2020-02-15)
Im-orb, Karittha
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
Technical and sustainability analyses of the methanol production via the integrated biomass pyrolysis, gasification, and methanol synthesis (IBPGM) process using rice straw as feedstock, are performed. The utilization of emitted CO<inf>2</inf> by recycling to a gasifier as a gasifying agent is investigated for technical and environmental reasons. The effects of CO<inf>2</inf> recirculation on the product distribution and energy consumption of the IBPGM process are examined. The production rate of methanol is improved with the increased CO<inf>2</inf> recycle fraction, while that of bio-oil does not change. The IBPGM is a highly exothermic process, with the largest energy-releasing unit being the methanol reactor. The energy consumption at the gasifier exhibits the same trend and thermal self-sufficiency is consequently achieved when the recycle fraction is raised to 0.76. Environmental assessment using a life cycle analysis tool reveals that the energy management of methanol synthesis unit and syngas processor needs to be improved as they highly contribute toward the carbon footprint and potential environmental impact. The technical and environmental factors of the IBPGM process are evaluated by the analysis hierarchy process, calculated by a multi-criteria decision analysis method. The IBPGM process with the CO<inf>2</inf> recycle fraction of 0.2 offers the best performance. Under this condition, the methanol and bio-oil production rates of 0.23 and 0.09 kmol h−1, respectively, and the energy efficiency of 60.7% can be achieved, based on the biomass feed rate of 1 kmol h−1.
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Gasification of plastic waste for synthesis gas production
(2020-02-01)
Saebea, Dang
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Ruengrit, Pornnapat
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
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Patcharavorachot, Yaneeporn
This work presents the synthesis gas production from gasification of plastic waste, i.e. polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). The steam gasification is modeled by using AspenPlusTM simulation software. The effects of gasifier temperature and steam to feed (S/F) mass ratio were examined to determine the suitable synthesis gas mole flow rate. The simulation results showed that gasifier should be operated at 900 °C with optimal S/F mass ratio as 1.5. Considering the influence of PE/PP mass ratio, the results indicated that the PE/PP mass ratio of 100/0 or pure PE can provide the maximum synthesis gas flow rate of 21 kmol/hr and H<inf>2</inf>/CO ratio of 2.1.

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