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Author: search.filters.author.Bongkarn, TheerachaiSubject: search.filters.subject.Co-doping

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    Multifunctional properties of Mn and Fe co-doped lead-free BCT perovskite ceramics synthesized via solid-state combustion
    (2025-10-01)
    Kornphom, Chittakorn
    ;
    Sonchaopri, Nutkamon
    ;
    Yimsabai, Sununta
    ;
    Jantaratana, Pongsakorn
    ;
    Pinitsoontorn, Supree
    There is a growing demand to improve the performance of multiferroic lead-free ceramics. Good ferroelectric and magnetic properties are key parameters for achieving high magnetoelectric coupling (ME). In this work, Mn and Fe were co-doped into lead-free Ba<inf>0.96</inf>Ca<inf>0.04</inf>Ti<inf>(1-x)</inf>(Mn<inf>0.5</inf>Fe<inf>0.5</inf>)<inf>x</inf>O<inf>3</inf> (BCT-xMF) ceramics with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.030 mol%, synthesized by the solid-state combustion technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of a pure phase with coexisting tetragonal and cubic phases in all compositions. As the Mn/Fe content increased, the percentage of the tetragonal phase decreased while the cubic phase increased, consistent with Raman spectroscopy results. Increasing Mn/Fe content also led to more oxygen vacancies and defects, and a decrease in average grain size. Analysis of the temperature-dependent dielectric constant revealed a reduction in the Curie temperature from 116 to 67 °C, corresponding to the tetragonal-to-cubic phase transformation. The ceramic with x = 0.015 showed the highest dielectric constant at the Curie temperature (ε<inf>c</inf>), maximum saturated polarization (P<inf>s</inf>), remnant polarization (P<inf>r</inf>), saturation magnetization (M<inf>s</inf>), and remnant magnetization (M<inf>r</inf>), with values of 4583, 14.09 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>, 9.31 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.0127 emu/g, and 0.006 emu/g, respectively. These results indicate that Fe/Mn co-doping into BCT ceramics enhanced both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties, resulting in a high magnetoelectric coefficient (α<inf>ME</inf>∼1.27 mV/cm Oe) at room temperature, making these ceramics candidates for multiferroic applications.