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A Self-Powered and Chemically Responsive Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Surface Protonation in SrO2Nanopowder/Graphene Oxide/epoxy Composite for pH Sensing
(2025-12-05)
Saengpoe, Prasert
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Supasai, Wisut
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Amorntep, Narong
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Nilnumpetch, Chatree
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Nokkaew, Manussawee
Practical implementation of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) in autonomous systems is frequently impeded by their inadequate durability in chemically harsh environments. To address this limitation, we present a durable TENG utilizing a strontium dioxide nanopowders/graphene oxide/epoxy resin (SrO<inf>2</inf>NPOs/GO/ER) composite, positioning SrO<inf>2</inf>NPOs as an innovative, high-permittivity filler for triboelectric applications. By synergistically integrating the elevated dielectric constant of SrO<inf>2</inf>NPOs with the interfacial polarization of GO NPOs, our optimized composite achieves an outstanding output of approximately 136 V and 2.3 μA/cm2under a 100 N force, exceeding the performance of numerous advanced TENGs. Significantly, we convert a common degradation mechanism, i.e., surface protonation, into a functional sensing approach. The device leverages reversible protonation–deprotonation dynamics to convert environmental pH into distinct electrical signals, enabling self-powered, real-time pH sensing. The sensor exhibits excellent linearity (R2> 0.97) across three distinct operational regions (pH 1–12), demonstrating high sensitivity to acidity changes. The device has demonstrated remarkable durability, completing approximately 11,000 mechanical cycles. Also, the proposed device serves high chemical durability, maintaining stable performance (up to 6000 cycles) after 24 h immersion in neutral and alkaline solutions. Our work establishes a resilient, multifunctional platform that simultaneously harvests energy and senses its chemical surroundings by reframing protonation as a design principle. This breakthrough paves the way for next-generation TENGs for use in environmental monitoring, resilient IoT networks, and adaptive self-powered electronics that can function under conditions where the chemical environment changes.
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Synergistic Integration of MgAl-LDH Nanosheets into Bacterial Cellulose for High-Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators
(2025-08-04)
Mohsom, Phitchayaphorn
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Suktep, Natdanai
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Sae-Tang, Chanachot
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Pongampai, Satana
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Pakawanit, Phakkhananan
A novel nanocomposite design is presented in which magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) nanosheets are synergistically integrated with bacterial cellulose (BC) to fabricate a flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Utilizing a facile solution synthesis combined with a casting process, composite films with controlled MgAl-LDH loadings (0.25–5% v/v) were developed. The optimal composite, containing 1.5% v/v MgAl-LDH, exhibits an open-circuit voltage (V<inf>OC</inf>) of 88.5 V, a short-circuit current (I<inf>SC</inf>) of 87.7 μA, and a maximum output power (P<inf>max</inf>) of 1250 μW (power density ≈138 μW/cm2), which is > 35 times higher than that of pristine BC. Notably, this performance corresponds to a superior filler efficiency metric, demonstrating a highly effective use of the nanosheet additive compared to other reported systems. This performance enhancement is attributed to the multifunctional role of MgAl-LDH nanosheets in increasing the dielectric constant through improved interfacial conductivity and the formation of parallel microcapacitors under an induced electric field. Finite element simulations corroborate the proposed mechanism, and practical demonstrations show the nanocomposite powering 200 LEDs as well as functioning as a self-powered sensor for finger movement monitoring. These findings advance the development of high-performance, flexible energy-harvesting devices.
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Development of Flexible Semiconductors Based on g-C3N4/Cu2O P–N Heterojunction for Triboelectric Nanogenerator Application
(2023-01-01)
Worathat, Supakarn
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Pharino, Utchawadee
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Sriphan, Saichon
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Niemcharoen, Surasak
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Thitirungraung, Wisut
This research aims to develop flexible semiconductors for triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) applications. The sample powders of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>) and copper (I) oxide (Cu<inf>2</inf>O) as N-type and P-type semiconductors, respectively, were synthesized. The semiconductors were prepared to be a composite film with alginate. The structure, morphology, and purity of the N- and P-type semiconductors were characterized using X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Through the optical characterization, the N-type semiconductor showed the calculated energy band gap of 2.80 eV, while the P-type semiconductor was 1.90 eV. The P–N junction property of prepared samples was confirmed using a nonlinear current–voltage characteristic. After that, two flexible semiconductors were frictional paired for TENG. Through a vertical contact-separation mode, the P–N junction-based TENG produced a maximum output voltage and current of 3.90 V and 0.44 µA, respectively, with a maximum output power of 0.35 µW at 10 MΩ. In summary, the present work achieved the preparation of flexible P- and N-type semiconductors. The feasibility to harvest the mechanical energy was demonstrated in the TENG configuration. This idea is crucial for the future development of flexible harvesting/sensing devices using a novel concept.

KMITL

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