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Preparation of Activated Carbon from Juvenile Durian Fruit by Activating KMnO4 for Methylene Blue Adsorption
(2026-01-01)
Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
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Chokelarb, Wasan
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Narkrugsa, Woatthichai
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Sriprom, Pongsert
Preparation of activated carbon from juvenile durian fruit by activation with KMnO4 for methylene blue adsorption was studied. The juvenile durian fruit was pyrolyzed at temperatures of 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C and activated with KMnO4. The results demonstrated that the carbonization at 600 °C yielded the highest iodine number of 298.30 mgiodine/gbiochar. Subsequently, the methylene blue adsorption was investigated using a Box-Behnken designed batch experiment. The experimental design included three variables at three levels: adsorbent dosage (g), initial methylene blue concentration (mg/L), and adsorption time (min). The optimum conditions for methylene blue adsorption efficiency reached approximately 99.9% at an adsorbent dosage of 0.55 g, an initial methylene blue concentration of 10 mg/L, and an adsorption time of 90 min.
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Synthesis of Epoxidized Waste Cooking Oil as Plasticizer in the Production of Xyloglucan-Chitosan Films
(2025-01-01)
Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
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Kikaew, Kuntida
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Wanliphakha, Warintorn
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Orachorn, Wimolpan
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Chokelarb, Wasan
The synthesis of epoxidized waste cooking oil (EWCO) from used oil and the potential of using EWCO as a plasticizer to replace glycerol in xyloglucan-chitosan film were studied. The epoxidation reaction generated an epoxy group, which was induced to break off and form OH groups, potentially used as EWCO plasticizers (EWCOP). The determination of EWCOP by analyzing the chemical structure using FT-IR, where peaks were observed at 3496 cm<sup>-1</sup> and 827 cm<sup>-1</sup>, indicating the opening of the epoxy group. According to the physical properties test, EWCOP has a total acid number of 9.91 mg KOH/g, a flash point below 50 °C, and a viscosity of 0.79 cST at 40 °C. A xyloglucan-chitosan film was prepared using a concentration ratio of xyloglucan to chitosan of 4:1, mixed with a solution of glycerol and EWCOP as the plasticizer at ratios of 7:0, 5:2, 3:4, and 0:7, representing 35% of the total weight of solids. The tensile strength of the xyloglucan-chitosan film increases with a decrease in the glycerol : EWCOP ratio, offering hope for the potential of EWCOP in future applications. Conversely, an increase in the glycerol: EWCOP ratio reduces the elongation of the xyloglucan-chitosan film. The water vapor transfer rate and T<inf>g</inf> in the xyloglucan-chitosan film are lowest when the glycerol: EWCOP ratio is 3:4 and 0:7, respectively. The results showed that using EWCOP as plasticizers to replace glycerol significantly enhanced many aspects of synthesized xyloglucan-chitosan film properties, demonstrating the potential of this research to make a substantial impact in the field.
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Cleaner Bio-Based Plasticizer Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil to Substitute Toxic Dioctyl Phthalate in PVC film
(2025-01-01)
Chaiyaraksa, Chompoonut
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Sriprom, Pongsert
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Boonkaen, Fahana
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Laemsri, Arthittaya
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Smingkaew, Arnita
This research aimed to investigate the possibility of synthesizing a bio-based plasticizer from waste cooking oil using an epoxidation reaction to replace dioctyl phthalate (DOP) in PVC film, which is toxic and hazardous to human health and the environment. This involved synthesizing used household oil through an epoxidation reaction to introduce epoxy groups, followed by isopropyl alcohol to break the epoxy rings and form hydroxyl groups. The chemical structure of the epoxidized waste cooking oil plasticizer was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), with a focus on confirming the presence of epoxy groups within the 3,500 – 3,000 cm-1 range. Subsequently, this bio-based plasticizer was used in various ratios to DOP to produce PVC films, including ratios of 5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 2:3, 1:4, and 0:5. These PVC films were subject to a comprehensive examination of their physical and chemical properties, including their resistance to tensile stress, elongation ability, the impact on molecular functional groups in the PVC film, and a leaching test. The results showed that the optimal proportion of epoxidized waste cooking oil plasticizer to DOP was 5:0. This ratio demonstrated superior tensile strength, enhanced elongation capacity, increased thermal stability, and exhibited the most robust resistance against solvents compared to other ratios tested.
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Assessment of overall remaining useful life of lubricants by integrating oil quality and performance
(2024-09-30)
Chokelarb, Wasan
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Sriprom, Pongsert
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Permana, Lasuardi
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Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
Effective lubricant health monitoring programs are essential for extending the lifespan of both the lubricant and machinery. An accurate and reliable remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is necessary for maintenance decision support. The degradation of used lubricating oil information trends evaluated using used oil analysis results is necessary. This study addresses the need for a comprehensive tool to consolidate oil analysis parameters and determine the remaining useful life (RUL) of used lubricating oil (ULO). A Performance Rating Index (PRI) was developed by integrating various oil degradation testing parameters, including membrane patch colorimetry for varnish and sludge potential, along with viscosity, foaming stability, water separability, air release properties, oxidation stability, rust prevention, and copper strip corrosion. The integration of routine and performance test results of a turbine oil at 25,480 operating hours exhibited a PRI of 48.5. Correlating with the ASTM degradation alarm limits of 50 %, the PRI results provide clear maintenance actions before the original equipment manufacturer's recommended overhaul. The PRI approach supports proactive maintenance by facilitating early oil replenishment, extending RUL, and reducing waste oil.
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Improving the Thermo-Physical Properties of Plam Oil with Zeolite Nanoparticles
(2024-01-01)
Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
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Limsakul, Thanasuta
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Bunprasert, Penpichcha
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Chokelarb, Wasan
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Sriprom, Pongsert
This research aimed to improve the thermo-physical properties of plam oil with NaA zeolite. Palm oil was selected for heating oil due to its high flash point and environmental friendliness compared to synthetic or mineral oil. The effect of NaA zeolite concentration suspended in palm oil was investigated in terms of the specific heat capacity (Cp), viscosity (μ), viscosity index (VI), thermal analysis (TGA) and density (ρ) of palm oil. The NaA zeolite was synthesized by crystallization technique, and X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to determine NaA zeolite crystallinity. The size of NaA zeolite was measured using a particle size analyzer. The average size of the synthesized NaA zeolite was 4767 nm. After grinding process for 180 min, the average size of zeolite decreased to 632 nm. An average 632 nm NaA zeolite particle size was added to palm oil at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 wt%. The results showed that when the NaA zeolite concentration increased, the nanofluid’s viscosity at 40 °C and 100 °C was increased. The addition of 1 wt% NaA zeolite resulted in the nanofluid having a maximum viscosity of 41.31 and 8.47 cSt at 40 °C and 100 °C, respectively. The highest viscosity index was 195 cSt when added with 0.5 wt% NaA zeolite. The density of palm oil slightly increased with increasing NaA zeolite concentrations. The specific heat capacity of palm oil increased when NaA zeolite was added. The results showed that NaA zeolite allowed palm oil to store heat energy better than palm oil, enabling it to release and absorb more heat during heat transfer. Thermogravimetric analysis, palm oil initiated to degrade at 263 °C, while the addition NaA zeolite in palm oil indicated that palm oil initiated to degrade at 350 °C. The shift in the degradation curve demonstrated that the nanofluid could withstand high temperatures. Adding NaA zeolite to palm oil showed that palm oil could endure more heat and has a long service life.
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Varnish and Sludge Potential: Strategies for Successful Gas Turbine Oil Condition Monitoring
(2023-01-01)
Chokelarb, Wasan
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Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
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Sriprom, Pongsert
One growing concern in power plants nowadays is the presence of one of the lubricant degradation by-products that can affect the lubrication system, which is sludge and varnish. Membrane patch colorimetry (MPC) was performed to determine both soluble and insoluble varnish in used lubricating oil. The varnish potential index (SI-MPC) is the new guideline to evaluate the overall varnish and sludge formation, and it helps in detecting early signs of possible varnish and sludge problems in the system. Viscosity, FTIR, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), total acid number, and particle count were also performed to monitor the correlation between varnish and sludge formation. The result shows that the early detection of soluble varnish (S-MPC, ΔE 13.0) before it transforms to insoluble varnish can help the power plant make an action plan before the varnish problem becomes worse (I-MPC, ΔE 68.5), and an increase in the varnish potential index also relates to the depletion of antioxidant additive (50.8%) and increased particle count (ISO 21/17/14) of the lubricant. Thus, proper monitoring of soluble varnish (S-MPC), insoluble varnish (I-MPC), and varnish potential index (SI-MPC) can improve the diagnostic and corrective actions for varnish problems in gas turbines.
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Soluble and Insoluble Varnish Test Methods for Trending Varnish Buildup in Mineral Turbine Oil
(2022-12-01)
Chokelarb, Wasan
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Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
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Sitton, Andy
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Sirisithichote, Thanant
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Sriprom, Pongsert
Varnish problems in turbine oil of power plants in Thailand are still an issue today. The problems are the coefficient of friction of the oil will increase along with the increase in varnish concentration and varnish deposits. This creates problems in starting/re-starting of the turbine. Even with the advent of oil manufacturing research to improve base oil quality and antioxidant additive, varnish contamination starting problems have been one of the most concerning problems for maintenance. The most recent version of ASTM D4378-20 suggests that maintenance personnel should test their in-service turbine oil and monitor the membrane patch colorimetry with a warning limit at ∆E 30. This monitoring test is known as ASTM D7843-20 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricant Generated Insoluble Color Bodies in In-Service Turbine Oils using Membrane Patch Colorimetry (MPC). This study introduces the monitoring of soluble color bodies, in addition to the insoluble, at the same time. Focusing only on the value of insoluble-MPC test can sometimes be misleading and may cause inaccurate and ineffective maintenance decisions. In this paper, both soluble and insoluble color body analytical results from in-service gas turbine oils will be presented. Three power plants were monitored for both soluble and insoluble varnish. It will show how the use of a combination of soluble and insoluble color body assessments of the turbine oils would further improve the oil diagnostic services of turbine lubricants by providing insights into the capability of the lubricants to solubilize the oxidation by-products of the antioxidants and the highly refined base oil. Appropriate varnish removal technologies were also decided and applied to respond proactively to the varnish issues.

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