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Taxonomy and phylogeny of hyaline-spored coelomycetes
(2020-01-01)
Li, Wen Jing
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McKenzie, Eric H.C.
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Liu, Jian Kui (Jack)
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Bhat, D. Jayarama
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Dai, Dong Qin
Coelomycete is a general term used for asexual fungi which produce conidia in fruiting bodies: pycnidial, acervular, cupulate, pycnothyria or stromatic conidiomata. The group contains numerous plant pathogenic, saprobic and endophytic species associated with a wide range of hosts. Traditionally, morphological characters and host associations have been used as criteria to identify and classify coelomycetes, and this has resulted in a poor understanding of their generic and species boundaries. DNA based taxonomic studies have provided a better outlook of the phylogenetic and evolutionary trends in coelomycetes. However, the present outcomes represent only a preliminary step towards the understanding of coelomycetes. Many genera have not been revisited since they were first described. The present study revises the classification of the hyaline-spored coelomycetes and provides a modern taxonomic framework based on both morphology and phylogeny. In total, 248 genera were investigated, of which less than 100 are known to have sequence data. Multi-locus sequence data analyses of 28S nrDNA, 18S nrDNA, ITS, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) gene regions were analysed. As a result, three new genera and 23 new species are introduced. In addition, three new links between sexual and asexual genera are provided. There are 138 genera that lack sequence data, and these are treated as Ascomycota, genera incertae sedis. Line drawings and descriptions are provided based on the examination of types and fresh collections and on the literature.
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Agaricus flocculosipes sp. nov., a new potentially cultivatable species from the palaeotropics
(2012-01-01)
Zhao, Rui Lin
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Hyde, Kevin D.
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Raspé, Olivier
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Soytong, Kasem
Agaricus flocculosipes is described as new from northern Thailand and Mayotte based on morphology and ITS sequence analysis. The new species is compared with similar taxa, and a comprehensive description, line drawings, and colored photographs are provided. Agaricus flocculosipes is distinguished among the species in section Arvenses by its relatively large sporocarps (110-180 mm in diameter), erect floccose squamules on the surface of the stipe, and relatively small basidiospores (less than 6.5 μm long). Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequence data using maximum likelihood, parsimony, and Bayesian analyses all support A. flocculosipes as being a distinct species within section Arvenses. The new taxon is potentially cultivatable as it is presumably heterothallic, exhibits extensive genetic diversity, and occurs in section Arvenses, a lineage that contains other edible cultivatable taxa such as Agaricus arvensis and Agaricus subrufescens. © 2012 The Mycological Society of Japan and Springer.
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Two species of Agaricus sect. Xanthodermatei from Thailand
(2012-01-01)
Zhao, Rui Lin
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Callac, Philippe
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Parra, Luis A.
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Guinberteau, Jacques
Agaricus murinocephalus is described and illustrated as a new species. This taxon, presently known only from Thailand, is characterized by a context that generally does not discolor on exposure, the lack of a phenolic odor, a cap covered by very fine, appressed, dark grey squamules outside the grey disc on a whitish background, and a broken collar-like annulus. Agaricus endoxanthus, previously reported from South America, Europe, and Asia, is recorded for the first time in Thailand. Morphological and published molecular analyses place both taxa in A. sect. Xanthodermatei based on. © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
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A monograph of Micropsalliota in Northern Thailand based on morphological and molecular data
(2010-12-01)
Zhao, Rui Lin
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Soytong, Kasem
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Perry, Brian A.
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Hyde, Kevin D.
Using a combination of morphological and molecular data, the genus Micropsalliota is shown to represent a monophyletic lineage in the Agaricaceae sister to Hymenagaricus. Features that distinguish the genus from Agaricus and allied genera include usually small, gracile basidiomes with a membranous partial veil, dextrinoid basidiospores with an apically thickened endosporium and lack of a germ pore, capitate or subcapitate, conspicuous cheilocystidia, and incrusted pileipellis hyphae that turn green in ammonia solution. We provide a monographic treatment of 23 taxa of Micropsalliota from Northern Thailand, of which 13 taxa represent new distribution reports for Thailand and 10 represent new taxa, including M. allantoidea, M. bifida, M. furfuracea, M. lateritia var. vinaceipes, M. megarubescens, M. megaspora, M. pusillissima, M. rubrobrunnescens var. rubrobrunnescens, M. rubrobrunnescens var. tibiicystis, and M. suthepensis. Included in this monograph are comprehensive descriptions, illustrations of micromorphological features, photographs of basidiomes, comparisons with allied species, phylogenetic trees inferring relationships amongst Thai species based on nrITS and nrLSU sequence datasets, and a key to aid in diagnosis. © 2010 Kevin D. Hyde.
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Mushroom diversity in sustainable shade tea forest and the effect of fire damage
(2010-01-11)
Sysouphanthong, Phongeun
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Thongkantha, Sutheera
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Zhao, Ruilin
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Soytong, Kasem
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Hyde, Kevin D.
A survey of the biodiversity of wild macrofungi, including edible species yields, was carried out from 1 May to 30 September 2007 at four different forest types (in mainly Miang tea forest). The plots 100 m<sup>2</sup>, comprised a tea garden with a few planted canopy tree species (37.2% canopy cover), a cultivated sustainable tea forest (80.2% canopy cover), an abandoned sustainable tea forest (89.8% canopy cover), and an abandoned sustainable tea forest that had suffered fire damage (72.9% canopy cover). All visible mushrooms were collected during weekly forays. Macro-characters of the fungi were annotated and photographed by digital camera and the fungi were identified to genera and morphospecies (e.g. Agaricus sp.1, Agaricus sp.2). The fresh weight of wild edible mushrooms produced in the plots was also recorded during this period. The biodiversity of macrofungi in abandoned sustainable tea forest was highest with 115 species in 47 genera, followed by cultivated sustainable tea forest with 85 species in 42 genera and fire damaged abandoned sustainable tea forest with 48 species in 25 genera, while only 19 species belonging to 15 genera were found in the tea garden. Twenty-one species belonging to nine genera with a total of 60.9 kg of edible fungi were collected throughout this study. The fresh weight of edible mushrooms was recorded with the highest fresh weight (25.3 kg) collected from the abandoned sustainable tea forest, followed by 18.2 kg in the cultivated sustainable tea forest, while in the fire damaged sustainable tea forest 16.4 kg were collected and only 1 kg was collected in the tea garden. Abandoned sustainable tea forest contained a greater shade tree biodiversity and higher canopy cover than other plots. This area has a generally higher humidity, a greater ground litter cover, a greater number of microhabitats, a greater number of trees that can form mycorrhizal associations and this probably accounts for the higher diversity of macrofungi and production of edible mushrooms. The fire damaged sustainable tea forest had lower mushroom diversity and edible mushroom production possibly due to the loss of litter and lower tree diversity. The tea garden supported a poor diversity of mushrooms and almost no edible mushrooms. Shade tea forest (Miang tea forest) is a good method to produce tea in a sustainable way as it maintains diversity of mushrooms and other organisms and could be developed as an alternative to shade coffee. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010.
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Advances in the phylogenesis of Agaricales and its higher ranks and strategies for establishing phylogenetic hypotheses
(2008-10-15)
Zhao, Rui Lin
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Soytong, Kasem
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Hyde, Kevin D.
We present an overview of previous research results on the molecular phylogenetic analyses in Agaricales and its higher ranks (Agaricomycetes/ Agaricomycotina/Basidiomycota) along with the most recent treatments of taxonomic systems in these taxa. Establishing phylogenetic hypotheses using DNA sequences, from which an understanding of the natural evolutionary relationships amongst clades may be derived, requires a robust dataset. It has been recognized that single-gene phylogenies may not truly represent organismal phylogenies, but the concordant phylogenetic genealogies from multiple-gene datasets can resolve this problem. The genes commonly used in mushroom phylogenetic research are summarized. © Zhejiang University and Springer-Verlag GmbH 2008.
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Fungal diversity on fallen leaves of Ficus in northern Thailand
(2008-10-15)
Wang, Hong kai
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Hyde, Kevin D.
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Soytong, Kasem
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Lin, Fu Cheng
Fallen leaves of Ficus altissima, F. virens, F. benjamina, F. fistulosa and F. semicordata, were collected in Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand and examined for fungi. Eighty taxa were identified, comprising 56 anamorphic taxa, 23 ascomycetes and 1 basidiomycete. Common fungal species occurring on five host species with high frequency of occurrence were Beltraniella nilgirica, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Ophioceras leptosporum, Periconia byssoides and Septonema harknessi. Colletotrichum and Stachybotrys were also common genera. The leaves of different Ficus species supported diverse fungal taxa, and the fungal assemblages on the different hosts showed varying overlap. The fungal diversity of saprobes at the host species level is discussed. © Zhejiang University and Springer-Verlag GmbH 2008.
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Understanding microfungal diversity - A critique
(2007-12-01)
Hyde, Kevin D.
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Soytong, Kasem
This paper reviews recent advances in understanding microfungal diversity. It questions the large amounts of funding given to molecular phylogenetics despite the fact that we barely know more than a small percentage of the global fungi. It also questions the practice of sequencing fungal strains from culture collections, as they may be wrongly identified and usually lack any herbarium specimens to check characters against. The need for epitypification with living specimens is vindicated. Host fungi relationships have been shown to be important to our knowledge of fungal numbers and research on fungi on various hosts are outlined. Data on the fungi from extreme environments, endophytes and aquatic fungi have advanced the knowledge of fungal diversity, while recommendations that funding bodies should fund basic research are expressed. © 2007 Adac.
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Ribosomal DNA phylogenies of Cyathus: Is the current infrageneric classification appropriate?
(2007-05-01)
Zhao, Rui Lin
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Jeewon, Rajesh
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Soytong, Kasem
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Hyde, Kevin D.
Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Cyathus (bird's nest fungi) were investigated with neighbor joining, maximum likelihood, weighted maximum parsimony and MrBayes analyses of ITS and LSU ribosomal DNA sequences datasets. Twenty-two taxa of Cyathus were used in the analyses based primarily on type and authentic specimens. The current infrageneric classification system of Brodie recognizes seven infrageneric groups based on morphological characters, including peridium plications and variations in peridium hair anatomy, peridiole structure and fruit-body color. These groups are not supported by molecular data. Instead the ITS and LSU datasets support recognition of three infrageneric groups herein named the ollum, pallidum and striatum groups. Morphological characters useful in distinguishing these groups include basidiospore size, fruit-body coloration and peridium anatomy. Cyathus africanus var. latisporus is considered a synonym of Cyathus jiayuguanensis, and a new combination Cyathus lanatus (Brodie) R.L. Zhao is proposed based on morphological and molecular data. © 2007 by The Mycological Society of America.
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Proposed synonyms in Cyathus
(2006-01-01)
Zhao, Rui Lin
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Soytong, Kasem
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Hyde, Kevin D.
Based on the morphological analyses of 48 taxa of Cyathus, including 30 type specimens, three Cyathus species were found to represent synonyms of existing species. Cyathus cheliensis, C. gansuensis and C. megasporus are herein accepted as synonyms of C. limbatus, C. pygmaeus and C. poeppigii, respectively. The latter three species are redescribed and illustrated.

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