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Impact of particulate filters on biodiesel and diesel fuel: a comparative study of thermal efficiency and emissions
(2026-06-01)
Suteerapongpun, Teerapat
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Patkacha, Atikan
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Thaeviriyakul, Poonnut
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Phairote, Watanyoo
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Saisirirat, Peerawat
This study investigated the influence of a partial-flow (P-DPF) and a full-flow (F-DPF) diesel particulate filter on the combustion and emissions of a light-duty diesel engine fueled with conventional diesel (B7) and pure biodiesel (B100). The engine was operated on a dynamometer under engine speeds of 1600–2000 rpm at 84–140 Nm loads. The results revealed that while B100 had higher mass-based specific fuel consumption (BSFC) due to its lower energy density, its overall brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was comparable to that of B7, indicating similar energy conversion efficiency. The use of DPFs resulted in a modest efficiency penalty, with brake thermal efficiency decreasing by 0.07% for the P-DPF and 2.62% for the F-DPF. The emissions analysis revealed the trade-offs associated with biodiesel use and DPF integration. While baseline B100 operation produced substantially higher nitric oxide (NO) emissions relative to B7, it consistently generated much lower smoke opacity. When averaged across all three aftertreatment configurations (no DPF, P-DPF, and F-DPF), B100 reduced smoke emissions by approximately 59% compared with B7. Additionally, the P-DPF and F-DPF proved effective at reducing smoke to half and near-zero levels, respectively, for both fuels.
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Influence of ethanol-blended B7-diesel on in-cylinder combustion characteristic, engine thermal efficiency and emission of a 3L-compression ignition engine
(2026-03-01)
Suteerapongpun, Teerapat
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Thaeviriyakul, Poonnut
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Phairote, Watanyoo
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Saisirirat, Peerawat
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Po-ngaen, Watcharin
This study investigated the effects of blending weight ratio of 5% and 10% ethanol (B7E5 and B7E10) with standard B7-diesel on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a light-duty common-rail diesel engine. The engine was tested on a dynamometer across various speeds (1600–2000 rpm) and loads (84 and 112 Nm) to analyze in-cylinder pressure, thermal efficiencies, and exhaust emissions. Results indicated significant emission benefits, especially at high loads. The B7E10 blend reduced smoke intensity by approximately 75% and carbon dioxide emissions by 34% compared to the baseline B7. The performance analysis revealed a critical trade-off associated with the ethanol blends: while the inherent oxygen content in ethanol significantly improved the indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) through enhanced combustion, its lower viscosity simultaneously led to increased frictional losses. Consequently, these competing effects resulted in only a modest improvement in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and comparable brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC) compared to the baseline B7. The primary objective is to identify the benefits and trade-offs associated with ethanol blending in biodiesel-based diesel fuels that are compatible with existing diesel vehicles.
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Development of a Hybrid Electric Motorcycle Powertrain with Energy Management Strategy Implementation
(2026-01-01)
Song, Toan Pham Vo
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Karin, Preechar
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Masomtob, Nanthikan
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Ngo, Duy Nhat
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Kosaka, Hidenori
This paper presents a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) motorcycle that combines a 7.5 kW Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) with a 3 kW brushless DC motor wheel (DCMW). The HEV motorcycle is modelled using the MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment, based on experimental data obtained from dyno chassis testing of ICE and DCMW motorcycles. In the simulation, various HEV system algorithms are tested and optimized to improve fuel consumption, using the World Motorcycle Test Cycle (WMTC) as a benchmark, in comparison with the same conventional ICE motorcycle. The results show that the HEV configuration achieves a fuel consumption of 79.29 km/liter, compared to 52.63 km/liter for the ICE-only configuration. In conclusion, the HEV system's algorithm effectively improves fuel efficiency and represents a fundamental step toward the reliable control of the inverter and electronic injector using a microcontroller in future development.
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Particle emission and thermal efficiency analysis of a diesel vehicle using biodiesel and a platinum metallic partial-flow particulate filter
(2025-01-01)
Dang, Huy Quang
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Phyo, Mi Zwe Mon
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Thaeviriyakul, Poonnut
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Cosh, Plan Teekatasn
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Srilomsak, Mek
Harmful emissions from diesel vehicles, particularly unmodified ones, pose significant concerns for human health and the environment, underscoring the urgency to address these issues. This study investigated the effects of commercial fuels, B10, B20, and biodiesel B100, used with a metallic partial-flow catalyzed diesel particulate filter (P-CDPF), on a light-duty unmodified diesel vehicle's thermal efficiency and emissions characteristics. The initial test was conducted on a chassis dynamometer to measure the fuel flow rates at three different engine speeds, 1500, 2000, and 2500 rpm, with four loads, 84, 112, 140, and 160 Nm. This was done to evaluate brake-specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency under steady-state conditions. The second test followed the new European driving cycle to examine emission factors of regulated pollutants under both urban and highway driving conditions. The results indicated that BSFC values increased with the biodiesel ratio in the blends, attributed to lower heating values. However, higher oxygen contents with increasing biodiesel ratios led to more complete combustion and improved brake thermal efficiency. Installation of a P-CDPF had a minimal impact, resulting in less than a 3.4% increase in the BSFC and a 1% decrease in brake thermal efficiency across all tested fuels, owing to its relatively low pressure drop. Increasing the biodiesel ratio from B10 and B20 to B100 resulted in reductions of up to 32% of particulate mass and 45% of particulate number in vehicle emissions. P-CDPF installation further reduced particulate mass by over 60% and particulate number by 36% across all tested fuels, demonstrating its effectiveness in trapping and passively oxidizing particulate matter. Furthermore, the P-CDPF significantly reduced harmful gases with addition of a catalytic coating. A combination of a P-CDPF and commercial biodiesel fuels emerges as an effective solution for reducing regulated emissions from unmodified diesel vehicles.
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The impact of a metallic partial-flow particulate filter on diesel engine combustion and emission characteristics using palm oil biodiesel blends
(2024-02-01)
Thin, Myat Hsu
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Liu, Hai
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Thaeviriyakul, Poonnut
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Wai, Phyo
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Oh, Ban Seok
Reducing particulate emissions from diesel engines pose a significant challenge in developing countries due to increasingly stringent regulations for both new and older vehicles. While employing wall-flow filters have proven effective for new vehicles, older vehicles necessitate alternative approaches to particulate filtration without complex modifications. Partial flow filters exhibit advantages in such scenarios, characterized by their lack of external components, simplified design, minimal maintenance demands, and resilience to misfuelling. The present study mainly focuses on the evaluation of a partial flow diesel particulate filter (P-DPF) installed on a diesel direct injection compression ignition engine, operating on commercial biodiesel blends, specifically B10 and B20. According to the combustion analyses, the combustion pressure, temperature, and the heat release rate increased with the kinetic energy inside the residual gas molecules due to installation of the P-DPF system. This also resulted in higher indicated power as well as indicated thermal efficiency. However, brake-specific fuel consumption and brake-specific energy consumption, exhibited only a marginal increase, while brake thermal efficiency experienced a slight decrease of 0.65% in the case of B10 and 0.74% for B20 after the installation of the P-DPF system due to the friction loss by the filter backpressure. Furthermore, an incremental increase in exhaust backpressure was observed, ranging from 0.2 kPa at 1000 rpm and 56 Nm to 2.25 kPa at 2000 rpm and 140 Nm. An analysis of emissions limits showed a notable 65% reduction in soot emissions. Comparative analyses were conducted to assess the impact of P-DPF installation on a diesel engine without any manual changes. Ultimately, the partial flow filter (P-DPF) emerges as an effective initial measure in mitigating particulate matter emissions, particularly when employed in a retrofit exhaust after-treatment system.
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Effect of ambient temperature and density on the transition of hot temperature combustion to low temperature combustion of commercial diesel and waste plastic diesel in an optical access machine
(2023-12-01)
Aung, Zin Thu
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Charoenphonphanich, Chinda
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Ewphun, Pop Paul
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Kosaka, Hidenori
Alternative diesel production from mixed waste plastic pyrolysis is an effective method for the management of waste plastic and its related costs. The low temperature combustion (LTC) of diesel enables the reduction of nitrogen oxides and soot simultaneously. However, because of the high quantity of unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, LTC has a low combustion efficiency. This paper investigated the combined effect of low ambient temperature and high density (LATHD) on the transition from hot temperature combustion (HTC) to LTC by using commercial diesel (CD) and waste plastic diesel (WPD) without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and low cetane fuels. The results showed that NOx and soot concentrations were decreased and integral heat release was increased. For a given unit heat release, the NOx emissions of CD and WPD decreased 60% and 38%, respectively, by decreasing the ambient temperature from 1050 K to 750 K. Furthermore, integral heat release is a more influential parameter on NOx than heat release rate. After that, soot concentrations of CD and WPD were significantly decreased by 85% and 81% with a reduction in ambient temperature from 1050 K to 750 K. At the same ambient temperature, the NOx and soot concentrations of WPD were higher than that of CD for all cases. With the same ignition delay, however, the NOx and soot concentrations of WPD/high cetane fuel decreased dramatically compared to CD. This information will be useful for determining compression ratio and combustion phasing when considering engine designs.
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Experimental investigation of metallic partial-flow particulate filter on a diesel engine's combustion pressure and particle emission
(2023-09-01)
Mon Phyo, Mi Zwe
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Wai, Phyo
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Thin, Myat Hsu
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Oh, Ban Seok
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Phairote, Watanyoo
The study aims to present the combustion and exhaust behaviors of a 3 L, four-cylinder common rail diesel engine with three different kinds of conventional B7 diesel fuels with and without a platinum diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) system and non-catalytic partial flow through a diesel particulate filter (P-DPF). Testing is performed under the three different operating conditions, idle to medium engine loading at 1000, 1500, and 2000 engine revolutions per minute with four different engine torques of 84, 112, 140 and 160 Nm. The surface morphology and agglomerate size of particulate matter (PM), single primary particle analysis as well as the fringe length of the carbon crystallite structure were also examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to achieve a better understanding through image processing. The P-DPF system does not have a significant effect on an engine's in-cylinder combustion characteristics and brake thermal efficiency. The diesel engine's particle emissions are reduced by trapping them on the metallic micro-fibers of a P-DPF. CO<inf>2</inf>, NO, and O<inf>2</inf> levels show that the carbonaceous particle emissions on the micro-structure of the P-DPF passively react with NO<inf>2</inf> and O<inf>2</inf>. Consequently, diesel engine particle emissions can be reduced by around 50% using a P-DPF system under the experimental conditions of the current study.
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Fuel Characterization of Waste Plastic Diesel from Mixed Waste Plastic Catalytic Pyrolysis
(2023-01-01)
Aung, Zin Thu
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Charoenphonphanich, Chinda
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Kosaka, Hidenori
Plastics are an essential part of the human life and the global economy. However, the use of plastics has been associated with significant environmental problems due to their accumulation in landfills, as plastic waste does not degrade or degrades at very low pace. Nowadays, fast pyrolysis of waste plastic into valuable fuels is main platform method in minimizing not only the waste disposal but also could be used as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. The purpose of this study was to identify, quantify and compare the composition of waste plastic diesel (WPD) with the commercial diesel (CD) of Thailand. Simulated distillation (GC-FID) and n-d-M method were used to find the composition of both fuels. Results indicated that the content of naphtha, kerosene, diesel, and long residue were determined quantitatively and also identified the paraffin, naphthenes, and aromatic contents for both fuels. Naphtha and heavy oil contents of WPD were 9.2 and 8.9wt% higher than that of CD but kerosene and diesel contents were 0.7and 17.4wt% less than that of commercial diesel. After that, paraffin, naphthenes and aromatic contents of WPD from PNA analysis were 80.42, 14.54 and 5.04wt% and these hydrocarbon contents of CD were 60.61, 25.91 and 13.48wt% respectively. By knowing them, the appropriate method can be determined for fuel upgrading and interpret correctly of combustion and emissions results.
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Influence of ethanol-biodiesel blends on diesel engines combustion behavior and particulate matter physicochemical characteristics
(2022-12-01)
Karin, Preechar
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Tripatara, Aphichai
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Wai, Phyo
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Oh, Ban Seok
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Charoenphonphanich, Chinda
Ethanol-blended biodiesel fuel can reduce smoke emissions by over 50% on both a single-cylinder engine and a four-cylinder engine. The average single primary particle size of biodiesel blended diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol blended biodiesel soot are approximately 30, 27, and 29 nm, respectively. The maximum graphene fringe length of biodiesel blended diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol blended biodiesel CI engine's soot are approximately 5.2, 4.6, and 4.5 nm. The carbon atom density of soot particles emitted from the diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol blended biodiesel CI engines are approximately 102, 91, and 88 atoms/nm3.
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Experimental investigation of the influence of ethanol and biodiesel on common rail direct injection diesel Engine's combustion and emission characteristics
(2022-11-01)
Wai, Phyo
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Kanokkhanarat, Phobkrit
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Oh, Ban Seok
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Wongpattharaworakul, Veerayut
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Depaiwa, Nattawoot
This study aims to characterize the effect of oxygenated biofuels in diesel engine combustion, thermal efficiency, and emission by blending different percentages of ethanol and biodiesel with fossil fuel derived diesel. In this research, 5% and 10% by weight of bioethanol were added to commercial B10 (10% biodiesel and 90% diesel), B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel) and B100 (100% biodiesel) and experimented on using a 3 L four-cylinder common rail diesel engine. The experiment was performed under three engine speeds of 1000 rpm, 1500 rpm, and 2000 rpm with three constant engine torques of 56 Nm, 84 Nm, and 140 Nm. The results show that ethanol-biodiesel-diesel ternary blended fuels are higher in premixed combustion pressure and net heat release rate (NHRR) peaks. The cumulative heat release of ethanol blended fuels is also higher for ethanol blended fuels. The fuel consumption increased with the ethanol and biodiesel percentage in the blended fuels due to the lower heating value while the brake thermal efficiency did not decrease. It was clearly observed that the particle emission could be reduced by more than 50% when ethanol and biodiesel percentage increased.

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