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Author: search.filters.author.Kumar, S.

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    Characterization of floral bud and anther development with stages of microspore in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum)
    (2023-01-01)
    Jaingulueam, T.
    ;
    Suwor, P.
    ;
    Saetiew, K.
    ;
    Tsai, W. S.
    ;
    Techawongstien, S.
    Anther culture can be used as a tool in breeding to shorten the time compared with the traditional method. Anther culture can produce double haploid plants quickly, hence saving cost and labor. The success of this technique depends on the use of microspores at optimum developmental stages. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the correlation between the day after flower formation (DAF), flower bud (FB) size, anther length, and microspore developmental stages in seven chili F1 hybrids. All parameters were observed at 0 to 10 DAF on three flowers per replication, three replications per cross. The study revealed a strong positive correlation between DAF and microspore developmental stages, with almost all crosses showing that 3 to 5 DAF correlated with the uninucleate stage. Moreover, a strong correlation was observed between petal/calyx ratio and the microspore developmental stages. However, we found overlapping stages of microspore in each stage and different cultivars showed a difference in FB size, anther length, and characteristics of anthers. Thus, for chili pepper, DAF could be used to effectively predict microspore development.
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    Gene actions of resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) of six F1 hybrid chili cultivars at the mature green fruit stage
    (2023-01-01)
    Sangarun, P.
    ;
    Suwor, P.
    ;
    Saetiew, K.
    ;
    Tsai, W. S.
    ;
    Techawongstien, S.
    Anthracnose is an economically important fungal disease affecting the yield and fruit quality of chili in the tropics. This study aimed to assess the anthracnose disease reaction in six hybrid chili pepper cultivars compared with their parental lines. Two male resistant lines were crossed with three commercial female parents by North Carolina mating design II. All chili genotypes were grown in the greenhouse in a randomized complete block design with three replications, 10 plants each. Five mature green fruit plant<sup>-1</sup> were harvested and inoculated with C. acutatum by using the microinjection method. ANT4 had smaller lesions than ANT10. Additionally, the F1-hybrids derived from ANT4 showed smaller disease lesions (7.47-9.82 mm) than on those derived from ANT10 (9.40-11.04 mm). However, the percentage heterosis of anthracnose disease traits in ‘Jindanil 80’ (JD) and ANT4 gave the lowest value to other parents. Hybrid JD × ANT4 showed the lowest anthracnose lesion size. However, the heterosis of cross the NM × ANT10 was the most negative at -43.68. The mode of gene action was found to be additive rather than involving dominant effects, with a narrow-sense heritability of 50.9% and broad sense heritability of 70.1%. Therefore, the resistant parent ANT4 cultivar is crucial for use as a resistant elite line for producing good F1 hybrid tolerance to anthracnose disease.
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    Numerical simulation of cylindrical heat pipe considering non-Darcian transport for liquid flow inside wick and mass flow rate at liquid-vapor interface
    (2014-03-01)
    Pooyoo, N.
    ;
    Kumar, S.
    ;
    Charoensuk, J.
    ;
    Suksangpanomrung, A.
    Simulation of a copper cylindrical heat pipe was carried out assuming steady state laminar flow, incompressible flow in liquid-wick and ideal gas incompressible flow in vapor section in three dimensions to estimate the temperature, pressure and velocity profiles. The model used non-Darcian transport through porous wick to determine liquid flow in liquid-wick section. The mass flow rate describes the fluid flow at liquid-vapor interface instead of conjugate heat transfer problem. Heat source of evaporation and condensation was considered in the total enthalpy equation of liquid-wick section to describe the loss and gain of heat from evaporation and condensation. The non-linear algebraic equations from finite volume method discretization were solved by iterative segregation method and the SIMPLEC algorithm. The numerical results of axial outer wall temperature, centerline pressure and velocity magnitude were found to be in good agreement with cylindrical heat pipe operation. The results of axial outer wall temperature and velocity magnitude streamlines are better than the results obtained in earlier studies and the results of axial outer wall temperature are in a good agreement with experimental results. The hypotheses test by two-sample t-test method between the numerical results and experimental results for axial outer wall temperature shows that they are not statistically different. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.