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An approach for voltage drop improvement in 22 kV PEA distribution system based on high voltage capacitor placement
(2023-10-01)
Thongsuk, Surakit
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Ngaopitakkul, Atthapol
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Kotesakha, Wikorn
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Leelajindakrairerk, Monthon
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Pothisarn, Chaichan
The distribution system has been constantly expanded with rising load demand due to population and economic growth. The result is a distribution line facing a voltage drop issue voltage drop, which results from increasing interconnected load and the distance from the substation. To mitigate this issue, this paper proposed an approach to improve the voltage level on the distribution line using a high-voltage capacitor bank. The system under study is modeled after the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) 22-kV distribution line. The placement of the high voltage capacitor bank will be based on the 2/3 rule technique. The PSCAD/EMTDC has been used to simulate the characteristics of the case study distribution system and evaluate the performance of the proposed technique in comparison with the PEA voltage regulation standard. The result has demonstrated the ability to use the proposed high voltage capacitor bank placement technique to improve voltage levels in the distribution system.
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Impact of Wind Power Generation Sizing on the Characteristic of Distribution System Under Fault Condition
(2022-01-01)
Yoomak, Suntiti
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Leelajindakrairerk, Monthon
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Ngaopitakkul, Atthapol
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Ananwattanaporn, Santipont
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Songsukthawan, Panapong
In the recent decade, there has been a rising concern in energy consumption and environmental issues. This trend has shifted the electric authority to focus from fossil fuel to renewable energy. The distributed generation (DG) using a renewable energy source has been raising. The presence of DG can cause using renewable energy sources to cause a technical issue on system protection and operation. This paper aims to study the impact of different DG size installations on the distribution system in terms of the system characteristics. The study is done in both normal conditions and in cases of fault occurrence. The system using in this research is a 22-kV distribution system consists of Wind Power Generation as the DG connected into the distribution line that modeled after part of the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) in the northern part of Thailand. The simulation was done using PSCAD software. The result from simulation reveals the impact of DG on the distribution system characteristics in terms of significant change in the measured current and voltage signal. Thus, the analysis of the impact of DG on the system must be done to ensure the reliability of the power system.
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Effects of Conditional Changes on High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission Line Characteristic
(2022-01-01)
Pothisarn, Chaichan
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Ngaopitakkul, Atthapol
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Leelajindakrairerk, Monthon
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Phannil, Natthanon
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Bunjongjit, Sulee
The high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system, which links the Gurun Substation of the National Electric Authority of Malaysia (Tenaga Nasional Berhad, TNB) with the Khlong Ngae Station of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), has been extensively researched to achieve the highest quality because it is the largest of its kind in Thailand, and there is a plant to expand its transmission power. However, the impact on the whole system is under-researched. To study and develop this system, the HVDC transmission line is modelled with the MATLAB/Simulink program and a laboratory setup to investigate the effect of transmission line distance, load power, and voltage on power loss, voltage drop, and waveform. The HVDC transmission line parameters are calculated from the actual transmission line parameters and converted to the simulation model parameters using the per-unit method. The model is verified and tested by the simulation program before creating the experimental setup. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effects of changing system conditions via the three aspects. All the three conditions directly affect the HVDC transmission line; nevertheless, they affect each aspect differently.
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Application of probabilistic neural networks using high-frequency components’ differential current for transformer protection schemes to discriminate between external faults and internal winding faults in power transformers
(2021-11-01)
Chiradeja, Pathomthat
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Pothisarn, Chaichan
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Phannil, Nattanon
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Ananwattananporn, Santipont
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Leelajindakrairerk, Monthon
Internal and external faults in a power transformer are discriminated in this paper using an algorithm based on a combination of a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and a probabilistic neural network (PNN). DWT decomposes high-frequency fault components using the maximum coefficients of a 1/4 cycle DWT as input patterns for the training process in a decision algorithm. A division algorithm between a zero sequence of post-fault differential current waveforms and the differential current coefficient in the 1/4 cycle DWT is used to detect the maximum ratio and faults. The simulation system uses various study cases based on Thailand’s electricity transmission and distribution systems. The simulation results demonstrated that the PNN and BPNN are effectively implemented and perform fault detection with satisfactory accuracy. However, the PNN method is most suitable for detecting internal and external faults, and the maximum coefficient algorithm is the most effective in detecting the fault. This study will be useful in differential protection for power transformers.
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Study on coordination of protective relays in distribution system with distributed generation
(2020-01-01)
Ananwattanaporn, Santipont
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Songsukthawan, Panapong
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Yoomak, Suntiti
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Pothisarn, Chaichan
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Jettanasen, Chaiyan
In the recent decade, many countries around the globe have been increased the proportion of electrical power generation from renewable energy sources, which results in rising in the penetration level of distributed generation (DG). However, the installation of DG into the distribution system may raise many issues that can impact the distribution system in both the technical and economic aspects. When DG is connected to a distribution system, it can affect the performance of the system and the protective device already installed owing to the change of voltage level, short-circuit level and direction of power flow in the system. For this reason, a protective device may cause the malfunction because the bus impedance of the system is changed; this will result in a change of the current in each bus. This paper aims to study the coordination between the protective relay and the DG installed into the distribution system. The distribution system under investigation is a part of the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA). Under this research, DG data that are connected to the PEA distribution is used. The simulations are performed using digital simulation and electrical network calculation program (DIgSILENT).
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Solar water heating in residential building
(2019-07-01)
Chiradeja, Pathomthat
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Pothisarn, Chaichan
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Jettanasen, Chaiyan
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Yoomak, Suntiti
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Songsukthawan, Panapong
The electrical consumption has been rapidly increased in the past few decades. However, environment concern and depleting of fossil fuel lead to raise of alternative energy. One of the applications for solar energy that has gain significant attention is solar thermal for watering heating that can replace electricity. This paper aims to presents feasibility on solar water heating for residential building in Thailand. The analysis has been done on both energy performance and economic perspective using RETscreen software and Bangkok, Thailand as case study location in order to verify the feasibility of solar water heating application in residential building. The result has shown the potential of solar water heating system application in residential building as a replacement to conventional electrical water heating.
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Dielectric response analysis of mineral oil immersed transformer, Natural Ester(FR3) immersed transformer, and palm oil immersed transformer
(2019-06-01)
Maneerot, Sakda
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Nimsanong, Phethai
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Siriworachanyadee, Jompatara
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Leelajindakrairerk, Monthon
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Jariyanurat, Kittipod
Currently alternative liquid insulation such as natural ester (FR3) is widely used as distribution transformer insulation because it provides outstandingly dielectric characteristics and natural friendly including highly affordable fire safety. Besides, palm oil is interesting liquid insulation for such transformers because of its distinguish dielectric properties. To analyze the dielectric properties of insulating material, polarization and depolarization current (PDC) measurement is one of the widely accepted non-destructive test technique. This paper presents the dielectric response analysis for the insulation system of a mineral oil immersed transformer, a natural ester (FR3) immersed transformer, and a palm oil immersed transformer by analyzing PDC test results. Three identical single phase transformers with 22kV/460V 30 kVA rated were designed and constructed. The first transformer was fully filled with mineral oil. The second and the third transformer was fully filled with natural ester (FR3) and palm oil respectively. After finishing the construction process, PDC measurement technique was applied for these transformers. The PDC measurement were performed for three case studies as follows: 1) dielectric response for the insulation between high voltage winding and low voltage winding, 2) dielectric response of high voltage winding insulation and low voltage connected to ground 3) dielectric response of high voltage and low voltage winding insulation by which the high voltage lead was connected to the low voltage lead. From the test results, it can be concluded that the dielectric response of the insulation system of the mineral oil immersed transformer was obviously different compared with that of the natural oil (FR3) immersed transformer and the palm oil immersed transformer. Moreover, the PDCs obtained from the tests were also analyzed and reported in this paper.
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Lightning location on 115-kV transmission line using travelling waves
(2018-11-01)
Bunjongjit, Sulee
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Ngaopitakkul, Atthapol
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Leelajindakrairerk, Monthon
A lightning strike can be very severe to the transmission system with high impulse current that can damage equipment and cause the operation of the system to be halted. However, currently used lightning location methodology that does not provide the desired accuracy. So, this paper proposed the lightning location methodology on the transmission line based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and travelling wave theory. The Alternative Transients Program/Electromagnetic Transients Program (ATP/EMTP) software has been used to simulate the transmission system using in this research. The comparative study between proposed and currently used has been done in order to evaluate the performance in term of accuracy to detect the lightning location on the transmission line. The result has shown that the proposed methodology can be achieved desire accuracy and can be further implemented in actual transmission line protection system in the future.
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Simulation analysis of the switching of 230kV substation shunt capacitor banks with a 6% series reactor for limiting transient inrush currents and oscillation overvoltage
(2018-06-01)
Patcharoen, Theerasak
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Ngaopitakkul, Atthapol
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Pothisarn, Chaichan
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Leelajindakrairerk, Monthon
This paper presents the simulation and investigation of switching large shunt capacitor banks in a 230kV Thailand substation system. Simulations are performed using PSCAD/EMTDC to determine the peak of the transient inrush currents, the oscillation overvoltage and the frequency of the inrush current. The inrush current is generated by energizing the 4 × 72 Mvar, 230kV shunt capacitor banks. The purpose is to observe and investigate the behaviour of transient inrush currents and oscillation overvoltages to ensure the safe and successful operation of shunt capacitor banks. The methodology of inrush current transient analysis and transient reduction control was studied. The proposed method for controlling system transients during capacitor energization is through the use of a switching shunt capacitor bank with a series 6% reactor. The simulation cases for transient mitigation are numerically conducted for six different cases: a base case, with a pre-insertion resistor, with a pre-insertion inductor, with a current-limiting reactor, with a series 6% reactor and using synchronous closing control. The effects of parameters such as the sizing of the current-limiting reactor, the capacitor bank rating and the short-circuit impedance of the system are investigated. The simulation results demonstrate that the switching shunt capacitor bank with a series 6% reactor is effective in reducing the high transient inrush currents and oscillation overvoltages.
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Application of probabilistic neural network with transmission and distribution protection schemes for classification of fault types on radial, loop, and underground structures
(2018-06-01)
Ngaopitakkul, Atthapol
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Leelajindakrairerk, Monthon
This paper proposes the development of transmission and distribution protection schemes to classify faults along transmission and distribution systems. The systems under consideration are composed of a 500-kV radial (two-bus single circuit), loop (three-bus double circuit) structure transmission systems, and a 115-kV radial structure underground distribution system. This complex system shows the advantage of the proposed method. A decision algorithm based on a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and probabilistic neural network is investigated for inclusion in a transmission and distribution protection system. Fault signals in each case are extracted to several scales on the DWT to decompose high-frequency components from fault signals using the mother wavelet daubechies4. The maximum coefficients of a DWT at 1/4 cycle that can detect faults are used as input patterns for the training process in a decision algorithm. In addition, coefficients from a DWT technique and a back-propagation neural network algorithm are also compared with the proposed algorithm in this paper. Moreover, the real signal from an experimental set-up was investigated. Based on the accurate results for the simulation signal and real signal, it can be concluded that the proposed algorithm is adequate for other power systems with different line models and that it can be applied to actual systems even if the accuracy is slightly reduced by the effect of noise in an actual system. Thus, the overall results show that the proposed algorithm can detect a faulty bus and classify types of fault with satisfactory results.

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