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Impact of botanical essential oils on pupation and survival of Musca domestica L.
(2026-05-01)
Moungthipmalai, T.
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Sriboonjit, N.
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Khuendee, P.
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Phunglakchai, J.
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Thongsaiklaing, M.
Among the tested botanical extracts, Illicium verum (star anise) essential oil at 10% demonstrated the highest efficacy in disrupting normal pupal development. Only 65.00% of individuals successfully emerged as fully developed adults after a 10-day exposure period. A notable proportion exhibited transitional deformities, particularly malformed pupal-adult intermediates, indicating interference with metamorphic progression. In comparison, cypermethrin, a commonly applied synthetic insecticide at the same concentration, resulted in a lower mortality rate of 39.67% under identical experimental conditions. The superior performance of star anise oil highlighted its potential as a plant-derived alternative for insect control. These findings suggested that the incorporation of such natural products into integrated pest management strategies may reduce dependence on conventional synthetic chemicals.
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Larvicidal efficacy and morphological abnormalities induced by plant essential oils against housefly (Musca domestica L.)
(2026-03-01)
Passara, H.
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Sittichok, S.
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Moungthipmalai, T.
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Laosinwattana, C.
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Thongsaiklaing, M.
The results showed that the lowest complete pupation rate was 43.67%, indicating a significant inhibition of normal metamorphosis. Additionally, 56.33% of third-instar larvae were classified as malformed larvae (ML), dying before pupation and exhibiting severe morphological and physiological abnormalities. These findings suggest that the star anise nanoemulsion interferes with key developmental pathways, preventing larvae from reaching the pupal stage. Due to its high effectiveness and plant-based origin, this nanoformulation offers a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical insecticides. It has potential for further development into a natural larvicidal agent for use in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies targeting housefly populations. Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms of action and assess the efficacy and safety of this nanoemulsion under real-world conditions to support its application in sustainable vector control.
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Antifungal efficacy of stingless bee honey extracts against a black mould causing pathogen Lasiodiplodia spp
(2026-03-01)
Datumada, H.
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Niyomdecha, A.
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Passara, H.
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Ramdoung, T.
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Sudwisai, W.
Fungal species causing the black sooty mould were isolated from fruit peels and subjected to molecular genetic analysis. The nucleotide sequences were found to be 100% identical to the fungus Lasiodiplodia iranensis. Results from testing the antifungal properties of stingless bee honey extracts showed that the extract from the H. itama species exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, followed by T. pagdeni, G. thoracica, and T. fuscobalteata. The average inhibition values were 21.43+1.27, 18.54+1.50, 17.51+1.76, and 17.18+0.91 mm., respectively.
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Plant essential oils, trans-anethole and eugenol, for housefly knockdown and mortality
(2025-03-01)
Sittichok, S.
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Passara, H.
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Sinthusiri, J.
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Soonwera, M.
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Thongsaiklaing, T.
The knockdown and mortality of some compounds from natural oils (trans-anethole, eugenol and a combination of trans-anethole and eugenol) against adult houseflies (Musca domestica) compared with cypermethrin was investigated. The knockdown and mortalities were highest at 100% of 1% trans-anethole with KT50= 31 min and LT50 = 31 min. The mortality index of trans-anethole was 82.1 times that of cypermethrin. In contrast, 1% eugenol had knockdown and mortality was 36% and 0.5% trans-anethole + 0.5% eugenol had knockdown and mortality of 68%, with mortality indexes of 1.6 and 3.2 times versus cypermethrin. The trans-anethole high toxicity and low residue made it a superior control for houseflies.
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Adulticidal activity of star anise, turmeric, cloves and combinations against houseflies
(2025-01-01)
Sinthusiri, J.
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Soonwera, M.
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Puwanard, C.
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Passara, H.
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Thongsaiklaing, T.
The small droplet size could increase the absorbed ingredients and high stability. The star anise nanoemulsion was determined optimum efficacy, with a 1% concentration resulting in the highest knockdown and mortality rate of 100%. Its KT<inf>50</inf> and mortality effective values were 28 min and 36 times, respectively. Furthermore, the adult stage of houseflies is found to be susceptible to star anise nanoemulsion. In contrast, cypermethrin was less toxic to it, with a high KT<inf>50</inf> and resistance to adult houseflies. Consequently, the star anise nanoemulsion could be developed into an efficient and safe environment for controlling housefly populations.
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Adulticidal activity against houseflies (Musca domestica L.; Muscidae: Diptera) of combinations of Cymbopogoncitratus and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils and their major constituents
(2023-05-01)
Moungthipmalai, T.
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Soonwera, M.
The efficacies of Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus globulus, eucalyptol, geranial, and their combined formulations against houseflies (Musca domestica) were evaluated and compared to cypermethrin, a common synthetic insecticide. Using a standard susceptibility assay that the World Health Organization (WHO) advises, the knockdown and mortality rates were calculated. The tested concentration range of these essential oils and their constituents was between 1% to 5%. The highest efficacy (100% knockdown rate and mortality rate) were provided by a combined formulation of 2% E. globulus EO + 1% geranial. This formulation had a KT<inf>50</inf> of 4.27 min. The two next best formulations were 2% C. citratus EO + 1% eucalyptol that provided a KT<inf>50</inf> of 5.85 min and an individual 5% C. citratus EO that provided a KT<inf>50</inf> of 6.69 min. Most importantly, several tested formulations provided a higher knockdown rate than 1% cypermethrin. Therefore, these formulations have a full potential as an alternative natural insecticide to replace cypermethrin.
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Toxicity of Litsea petiolata Hook.f. essential oil against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say)
(2022-09-01)
Puwanard, C.
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Moungthipmalai, T.
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Soonwera, M.
This study evaluated the oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, larvicidal, pupicidal, and adulticidal activities of essential oil (EO) from Litsea petiolata leaves against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles minimus and Culex quinquefasciatus with double choice, dipping, and contact assays. Litsea petiolata EO was tested at 1, 5, and 10% concentrations in ethanol and their efficiencies were compared with those of 1% w/w temephos and 10 % w/v cypermethrin. Oviposition deterrent was evaluated on gravid females. Larvicidal and pupicidal activities were tested on the fourth larvae and 2-day-old pupae. The adulticidal activity was tested against two-day-old adult females. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO exhibited the highest oviposition deterrent activity against gravid females and 100% repellency against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus, 97.0% against Ae. aegypti and 94.6% against Cx. quinquefasciatus. The oviposition activity index (OAI) against females of those four mosquito species ranged from -0.9 to -1.0. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO also exhibited the highest ovicidal activity against the eggs of the four mosquito species, with an inhibition rate ranging from 87.2 to 100%. Moreover, it also showed the highest larvicidal and puicidal activities against the larvae and pupae of the four mosquito species, with a 100% mortality rate at 10 and 60 min, respectively. The adulticidal activity was recorded at 1 and 24h. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO exhibited the highest toxicity to female adults of the four mosquito species, with 100% knockdown (1h) and mortality (24h) rates. On the other hand, 1%w/w temephos did not deter gravid females, and it was only slightly toxic to the eggs and larvae and non-toxic to the pupae. In the same manner, 10%w/v cypermethrin was less effective against the female adults of the four mosquito species than 10% L.petiolata EO. L.petiolata EO is a highly effective and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides.
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Adulticidal activity against housefly (Musca domestica L.; Muscidae: Diptera) of eucalyptol, limonene, and their combined formulation
(2022-01-01)
Moungthipmalai, T.
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Soonwera, M.
The insecticidal potency of eucalyptol, limonene, and a combined formulation against housefly (Musca domestica) was evaluated and compared to that of cypermethrin, a common synthetic insecticide. The knockdown and mortality rates were determined by a standard susceptibility assay recommended by World Health Organization. The tested concentrations of eucalyptol and limonene were 1, 5, and 10%, while the combined formulation was 5% eucalyptol + 5% limonene. The highest efficacy (100% mortality rate) was provided by the combined formulation (5% eucalyptol + 5% limonene). Both individual essential oil constituents provided a mortality rate ranging from 10.7-82.0% and a knockdown rate ranging from 8.0-81.3%. Most importantly, the 5% eucalyptol + 5% limonene combined formulation provided as high a mortality and knockdown rate as that of 10% cypermethrin. Therefore, it has a good potential as a safer and equivalently effective, natural product alternative to cypermethrin.

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