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Coating minimally processed Golden Nam Dok Mai mango with Aloe vera gel extract to maintain quality during storage
(2025-01-01)
Suwapanich, Rachit
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Thompson, Anthony Keith
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Nukthamna, Pikunthong
This study investigated the effects of varying concentrations of Aloe vera gel extract on the post-harvest quality and shelf life of minimally processed 'Golden Nam Dok Mai' mango chunks stored at 5 °C for 7 days. Although all mango chunks softened during storage, slower softening was observed with higher Aloe vera concentrations, except for those treated with 100% A. vera, which showed similar softening to the controls. Coating with A. vera gel reduced weight loss compared to untreated controls, although the concentration of A. vera did not significantly influence weight loss. Total soluble solids increased across all treatments, but 40% A. vera treatment led to the least increase, suggesting moderate metabolic activity. Titratable acidity decreased during storage, with higher A. vera concentrations (40% and 60%) preserving acidity better. Vitamin C content was better retained in mango chunks coated with 100% A. vera. Additionally, A. vera coatings led to a darker flesh over time, particularly with thicker coatings. Sensory evaluation revealed that mango chunks coated with 40% A. vera gel were most preferred. We concluded that coating minimally processed ‘Golden Nam Dok Mai’ mango chunks with A. vera gel would be beneficial in terms of a cost-effective natural preservative to enhance the shelf life and sensory qualities of fresh-cut mangoes.
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Sustainable fish oil extraction from catfish visceral biomass: A comparative study between high-shear homogenization and high-frequency ultrasound on wet rendering process
(2025-01-01)
Dave, Jaydeep
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Kumar, Nishant
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Upadhyay, Ashutosh
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Purba, Daniel Tua
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Kudre, Tanaji
Traditional wet rendering leads to the degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil. Therefore, we combined this method with high-shear homogenization and high-frequency ultrasound to extract oil from Clarias magur visceral biomass. This way, we aimed to achieve higher oil yield, shorter extraction times, and a better preservation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. High-shear homogenization and high-frequency ultrasound increased the oil yields by 9.17 and 10.55%, respectively, compared to traditional wet rendering. The oil quality was also improved, with lower acid and peroxide values. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed enhanced cell disruption for increasing the oil extraction efficiency. Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy also proved the efficacy of homogenization and ultrasound pretreatment in enhancing the extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids from C. magur visceral biomass. Their content showed a significant variation among different extraction methods. Specifically, the high-frequency ultrasound method resulted in a notable 15.1% increase, while the high-shear homogenization method demonstrated a significant 13.3% increase, compared to the wet rendering method (control). The oil extracted by the high-frequency ultrasound method demonstrated a 7.5% increase in eicosatetraenoic acid and a 11.7% increase in docosahexaenoic acid, as compared to the oil obtained from the control method. High-shear homogenization and high-frequency ultrasound shortened the extraction time and reduced the temperature requirements for oil extraction from wet biomass. These techniques have potential for efficient fish oil extraction, valuable in the healthcare and food industries.
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Antidiabetic Property Optimization from Green Leafy Vegetables Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction to Improve Cracker Production
(2024-01-01)
Maser, Wahyu Haryati
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Maiyah, Nur
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Karnjanapratum, Supatra
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Nukthamna, Pikunthong
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Thompson, Anthony Keith
Here we test a method of incorporating of plant extracts into popular snack foods to help control diabetes. Since some fresh vegetables contain antidiabetic compounds, ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to optimize their extraction of from spring onions, bunching onions, and celery for later incorporation into crackers. We compared various concentrations of ethanol used during extraction, after which they were exposed to an ultrasound processor whose amplitude and sonication time were also varied. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be an ethanol concentration of 44.08%, an amplitude of 80%, and a sonication time of 30 min. This resulted in the highest level of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (i.e., 1,449.73 mmol ACE/g) and the highest extraction yield (i.e., 24.16%). The extract produced from these optimum conditions was then used as a constituent component of crackers at 0.625%, 1.25%, or 2.5% w/w. These biscuits were then produced at baking temperatures of 140°C, 150°C, or 160°C. We then measured the physical characteristics and bioactivities of sample biscuits from each treatment. We found that biscuits containing 2.5% vegetable combination extract and baked at 140°C had the highest total phenolic content, the strongest antioxidant performance, and showed the most substantial antidiabetic and antiobesity effects. Here we establish conditions for the effective extraction of antidiabetic functional ingredients via ultrasound from green leafy vegetables. We also provide a method of using these ingredients to prepare crackers with the aim of developing a functional antidiabetic snack food.
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Antimicrobial resistance: more than 70 years of war between humans and bacteria
(2020-09-02)
Nadeem, Syeda Fatima
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Gohar, Umar Farooq
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Tahir, Syed Fahad
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Mukhtar, Hamid
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Pornpukdeewattana, Soisuda
Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is one of the major issues in the present world and one of the greatest threats faced by mankind. Resistance is spread through both vertical gene transfer (parent to offspring) as well as by horizontal gene transfer like transformation, transduction and conjugation. The main mechanisms of resistance are limiting uptake of a drug, modification of a drug target, inactivation of a drug, and active efflux of a drug. The highest quantities of antibiotic concentrations are usually found in areas with strong anthropogenic pressures, for example medical source (e.g., hospitals) effluents, pharmaceutical industries, wastewater influents, soils treated with manure, animal husbandry and aquaculture (where antibiotics are generally used as in-feed preparations). Hence, the strong selective pressure applied by antimicrobial use has forced microorganisms to evolve for survival. The guts of animals and humans, wastewater treatment plants, hospital and community effluents, animal husbandry and aquaculture runoffs have been designated as “hotspots for AMR genes” because the high density of bacteria, phages, and plasmids in these settings allows significant genetic exchange and recombination. Evidence from the literature suggests that the knowledge of antibiotic resistance in the population is still scarce. Tackling antimicrobial resistance requires a wide range of strategies, for example, more research in antibiotic production, the need of educating patients and the general public, as well as developing alternatives to antibiotics (briefly discussed in the conclusions of this article).
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