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Laser-induced graphene electrochemical immunosensors for rapid and sensitive serological detection: A case study on dengue detection platform
(2025-06-01)
Inlumphan, Supawee
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Wongwiriyapan, Winadda
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Khemasiri, Narathon
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Rattanawarinchai, Prapakorn
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Leepheng, Piyawan
Here, we present a diagnostic on a chip platform based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrochemical immunosensors for serological detection. The electrochemical immunosensors are fabricated through CO<inf>2</inf> laser induction on polyimide (PI) sheets. Optimal electrochemical activity of LIG electrodes is obtained under optimized conditions of laser fluence. To verify the application, the serological detection platform was demonstrated. After functionalization with dengue virus (DENV) antigen, the LIG electrochemical immunosensors are able to sense the presence of mouse anti-flavivirus monoclonal (4G2) antibody in a wide linear working range of 25–20,000 ng/ml with the limit of detection (LOD) of 17.41 ng/ml. A specific recognition with 4G2 antibodies against with media protein and isotype is confirmed. Furthermore, the reliability of LIG electrochemical immunosensors compared to conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is verified through the NS1 antibodies identification in human blood serum clinical samples at room temperature. Our results highlight that the LIG-based electrode is a promising platform for electrochemical immunosensors, aimed at developing reliable and practical diagnostic tools for serological detection. These tools enable early diagnosis of infectious diseases, as well as non-invasive and rapid screening.
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Reusability, Long-Life Storage and Highly Sensitive Zirconium Nitride (ZrN) Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Substrate Fabricated by Reactive Gas-Timing Rf Magnetron Sputtering
(2023-12-22)
Sucheewa, Nguentra
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Wongwiriyapan, Winadda
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Rattanawarinchai, Prapakorn
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Wuttikhun, Tuksadon
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Sinthiptharakoon, Kittiphat
Transition metal nitrides (TMN) are promising material alternative to replace noble metals in the field of plasmonic applications, especially surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Here we demonstrate a practical surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate using zirconium nitride (ZrN) thin films grown by reactive gas-timing (RGT) rf magnetron sputtering. The tailored properties of ZrN thin film exploited for SERS activity could be achieved to obtain a highly sensitive ZrN thin film SERS substrate with the enhancement factor (EF) of 1.24 × 106 and 4.8 %RSD at 1626 cm-1 toward methylene blue (MB) analyte which are comparable to the optimized Au sputtered thin films (EF=1.18 × 106 and with 5.1%RSD). We find that the spatial plasmonic hotspots on the surface of ZrN SERS substrate controlled by the turn-on timing of Ar:N2 sputtered gas sequence, leading to the discrete conductive surface profile, strongly relates to non-stoichiometric composition and the degree of (200)-oriented texture at the surface of ZrN thin film. Furthermore, ZrN thin film SERS substrates exhibit an excellent recyclability more than 30 cycles with simple cleaning process and a storage time longer than 6 months. The detection and reusability of ZrN SERS substrate on the low concentration of trinitrotoluene (TNT) for homeland security are also performed.
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Determining the Annealing Temperature Dependency of Wetting and Mechanical Features on Fe3Si Films
(2023-08-01)
Borwornpornmetee, Nattakorn
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Achirawongwat, Chawapon
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Traiprom, Thawichai
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Saekow, Bunpot
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Porntheeraphat, Supanit
The impact of thermal annealing under temperature alteration on the wetting and mechanical attributes of Fe<inf>3</inf>Si films built through facing target sputtering (FTS) is an essential topic for study in order to identify their characteristics under varying temperatures. Consequently, we introduced a thermal annealing process in a vacuum for two hours under varying temperatures of 300, 600, and 900 °C to our Fe<inf>3</inf>Si films created via FTS. The primary purpose of this current research is to examine the effect of the thermal annealing technique under temperature alteration on the wetting and mechanical traits of Fe<inf>3</inf>Si films. In this research, Fe<inf>3</inf>Si films were built onto the Si wafer by FTS and divided for use in thermal annealing under temperature alteration. The structural, morphological, wetting, and mechanical traits of the Fe<inf>3</inf>Si films under thermal annealing are provided in the present work. Based on our information, this work represents an original study on the change in wetting and mechanical traits of Fe<inf>3</inf>Si films through thermal annealing under temperature alteration.
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Label free detection of multiple trace antibiotics with SERS substrates and independent components analysis
(2023-07-05)
Limwichean, Saksorn
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Leung, Wipawanee
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Sataporncha, Pemika
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Houngkamhang, Nongluck
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Nimittrakoolchai, On Uma
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been widely studied and recognized as a powerful label-free technique for trace chemical analysis. However, its drawback in simultaneously identifying several molecular species has greatly limited its real-world applications. In this work, we reported a combination between SERS and independent component analysis (ICA) to detect several trace antibiotics which are commonly used in aquacultures, including malachite green, furazolidone, furaltadone hydrochloride, nitrofurantoin, and nitrofurazone. The analysis results indicate that the ICA method is highly effective in decomposing the measured SERS spectra. The target antibiotics could be precisely identified when the number of components and the sign of each independent component loading were properly optimized. With SERS substrates, the optimized ICA can identify trace molecules in a mixture at a concentration of 10−6 M achieving the correlation values to the reference molecular spectra of 71–98%. Furthermore, measurement results obtained from a real-world sample demonstration could also be recognized as an important basis to suggest this method is promising for monitoring antibiotics in a real aquatic environment.
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ZnO Nanorods Grown on Heterogenous Ag Seed Layers for Single-Cell Fluorescence Bioassays
(2021-07-23)
Muensri, Phitchaya
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Treetong, Alongkot
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Namdee, Katawut
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Kasamechonchung, Panita
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Wutikhun, Tuksadon
Here we demonstrate the controllability of the morphology of hydrothermal ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NRs) grown on heterogenous Ag seed layers. By varying the crystal orientation of silver thin films (Ag), a high density of ZnO-NRs could be obtained. We find that the density of ZnO-NRs strongly relates to the peak intensity ratio between (111) and (200) planes of Ag thin films due to a heteroepitaxy between (0002) ZnO and (111) Ag rather than that of grain boundary nucleation and/or surface nucleation. In addition, the optimized heterostructure of ZnO nanorod/Ag arrays is investigated via a critical concentration for nucleation and used as a fluorescence enhancement substrate (FES). The experimental results have shown that the FES presents an ability to detect a biological sample (PC-3 cell) with a high sensitivity and low detection limit of 1 cell/μL. Our results highlight that understanding an important key to control and design the morphology of heterogeneous hydrothermal ZnO-NR growth is essential to open up the opportunities for fundamental studies and applications in high-performance integrated nanodevices.
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Piezoelectric-Induced Triboelectric Hybrid Nanogenerators Based on the ZnO Nanowire Layer Decorated on the Au/polydimethylsiloxane-Al Structure for Enhanced Triboelectric Performance
(2018-02-21)
Jirayupat, Chaiyanut
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Wongwiriyapan, Winadda
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Kasamechonchung, Panita
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Wutikhun, Tuksadon
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Tantisantisom, Kittipong
Here, we demonstrate a novel device structure design to enhance the electrical conversion output of a triboelectric device through the piezoelectric effect called as the piezo-induced triboelectric (PIT) device. By utilizing the piezopotential of ZnO nanowires embedded into the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer attached on the top electrode of the conventional triboelectric device (Au/PDMS-Al), the PIT device exhibits an output power density of 50 μW/cm2, which is larger than that of the conventional triboelectric device by up to 100 folds under the external applied force of 8.5 N. We found that the effect of the external piezopotential on the top Au electrode of the triboelectric device not only enhances the electron transfer from the Al electrode to PDMS but also boosts the internal built-in potential of the triboelectric device through an external electric field of the piezoelectric layer. Furthermore, 100 light-emitting diodes (LEDs) could be lighted up via the PIT device, whereas the conventional device could illuminate less than 20 LED bulbs. Thus, our results highlight that the enhancement of the triboelectric output can be achieved by using a PIT device structure, which enables us to develop hybrid nanogenerators for various self-power electronics such as wearable and mobile devices.
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Extended-gate field effect transistor (EGFET) for carbaryl pesticide detection based on enzyme inhibition assay
(2017-01-01)
Sasipongpana, Supanat
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Rayanasukha, Yossawat
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Prichanont, Seeroong
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Thanachayanont, Chanchana
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Porntheeraphat, Supanit
An extended - gate filed effect transistor (EGFET) is a device which can be applied to chemical sensing devices. In this study, EGFET was constructed by using an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate. The small piece ITO with sensing area around 3x3 mm2 was used as carbaryl pesticide sensor based on enzyme inhibition assay. The prepared ITO-EGFET sensors were test with pH solutions to obtain sensitivity compared with commercial ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET). Preparation of ITO substrate for enzyme inhibition assay by dropped acetylcolinesterase enzyme at 0.5 Unit which were trapped in an agarose gel matrix onto substrates. This prepared ITO acts as extended gate sensing membrane for EGFET. The amounts of drop volume of enzyme were varied to obtain the highest signal for reaction with acetylcholine substrate. Cabaryl can inhibit enzyme function resulting in the decreasing signal of interaction between enzyme and acetylcholine substrate. This ITO-EGFET can be used to detect carbaryl in concentration rage 0.001 - 1 mM by using the ITO-EGFET without enzyme as control condition. This work shows possibility of ITO-EGFET for application in pesticide detection with an easy substrate preparation, low cost and can be applied in field used with others pesticides.
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Photoresponse of composites of zinc oxide and poly(3-hexythiophene) under selective UV and white-light illumination
(2016-12-01)
Pattamang, Pattaraluck
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Jiramitmonkon, Kanpitcha
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Piyakulawat, Phimwipha
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Asawapirom, Udom
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Tantisantisom, Kittitpong
We investigate charge transport in UV sensing devices based on organic-inorganic semiconductor composites with the metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure. Composite materials of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were prepared by drop-casting their colloidal mixture in chloroform onto low-cost interdigitated copper electrodes. The current-voltage characteristics of the devices were investigated under both dark and illuminated conditions in the UV–visible range. The highest photoresponse was observed for an optimal P3HT:ZnO ratio of 1:8 w/w in the wavelength range between 310 and 380 nm. The dynamic response was investigated by pulsing a 365 nm UV light with a long period to reveal the response time of 4 s and the recovery time of less than 1 s. The photoresponse of the materials was also investigated for a shorter period of UV pulsing, using a rotating chopper. The response time and recovery time for the short UV pulse were found to be approximately 20 m and 25 m, respectively. The dual response times should stem from the presence of two types of semiconductor materials, namely ZnO with a high electron mobility and P3HT with a moderate hole mobility. To probe the charge generation and transport mechanisms, we further investigate the photoresponse using UV pulsing under background white light of different intensities, and vice versa. The background white light was found to deteriorate the UV photoresponse of the materials. On the other hand, the background UV illumination produced an anomalous photoresponse pattern with the white light pulsing. Understanding the charge transport mechanisms for composite materials is highly important for future applications in low-cost UV sensors and tunable optoelectronic devices.
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Hybrid gas sensor based on platinum nanoparticles/poly(methyl methacrylate)-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes for dichloromethane detection with a high response magnitude
(2016-05-01)
Muangrat, Worawut
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Yordsri, Visittapong
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Maolanon, Rungroj
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Pratontep, Sirapat
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Porntheeraphat, Supanit
A dichloromethane (DCM) sensor with a high response magnitude was successfully fabricated using the integration of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). A pristine SWNT network was first formed by drop-casting onto printed circuit board (PCB) substrates. Next, PMMA was coated onto the pre-dropped SWNT network by spin coating using a PMMA-toluene solution, followed by the deposition of Pt NPs by electron-beam evaporation (hereafter referred to as Pt/PMMA/SWNT). The Pt/PMMA/SWNT enabled an approximately 69-fold improvement in DCM detection compared to pristine SWNT. The high response magnitude of the Pt/PMMA/SWNT was successfully achieved because of the incorporation of PMMA and Pt functions. Swelling of the PMMA matrix as a result of DCM adsorption leads to PMMA volume expansion, thereby increasing the SWNT-SWNT distance, which results in an increase in the resistance. Pt NPs promote the dissociation of DCM to CO, and consequently the CO oxidation on the Pt NPs catalyst and electron donation from Pt NPs to SWNTs, resulting in an increase in the resistance. Moreover, a linear relationship was obtained between the sensor response of the Pt/PMMA/SWNT and the concentration of DCM. These results suggest that the integration of SWNTs with PMMA and Pt NPs is a promising approach for improving DCM detection at room temperature.
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Poly(methyl methacrylate) and thiophene-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes for volatile organic compound discrimination
(2016-02-01)
Muangrat, Worawut
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Chodjarusawad, Thanawee
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Maolanon, Rungroj
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Pratontep, Sirapat
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Porntheeraphat, Supanit
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and thiophene-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were fabricated for use in volatile organic compound (VOC) detection. Pristine SWNTs were separately coated with PMMA (PMMA/SWNTs) and thiophene (thiophene/SWNTs) by spincoating. Pristine SWNTs showed the highest response to methanol, while PMMA/SWNTs enabled 5.4-fold improved dichloromethane detection and thiophene/SWNTs enabled 1.4-fold improved acetone detection compared with pristine SWNTs. The sensor response of PMMA/SWNTs to dichloromethane and that of thiophene/SWNTs to acetone can be attributed to the Hildebrand solubility parameter (HSP). The more similar the HSP, the higher the sensor response. The sensor response of pristine SWNTs to methanol is related to the diffusion coefficient and molecular size. The relationships between the vapor concentration and sensor response of PMMA/SWNTs to dichloromethane and thiophene/SWNTs to acetone are based on Henry's adsorption isotherm, while that of pristine SWNTs to methanol is based on the Henry-clustering model. Principal component analysis (PCA) results show that dichloromethane, acetone, and methanol were successfully discriminated.

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