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    Asymmetric dot-patterned wettable and antibacterial wound dressings from bacterial cellulose–alginate composites coated with stearic acid-modified ZnO/chitosan/AgNPs
    (2025-01-01)
    Ieamviteevanich, Pimchanok
    ;
    Onklam, Panida
    ;
    Kampechdee, Wariya
    ;
    Churiwan, Achana
    ;
    Vittayakorn, Naratip
    To improve the wound dressing characteristics of bacterial cellulose-based materials and address the issue of asymmetric wound dressing with one hydrophilic side and another hydrophobic side, this study developed a new concept for the fabrication of an asymmetric wettable and antibacterial wound dressing by selective drop coating of stearic acid-modified ZnO, chitosan, and AgNPs to form a dot pattern on both surfaces of a bacterial cellulose–alginate composite (BA-ZnS/Ch/Ag). The coated surface was hydrophobic, with a WCA of 150° due to the formation of a low surface energy zinc stearate (C<inf>17</inf>H<inf>35</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>Zn) monolayer on the ZnO particles and a high degree of hierarchical roughness. The asymmetric wettable BA-ZnS/Ch/Ag wound dressing maintained good water absorptivity (swelling rate 417%) and natural breathability (water vapor transmission rate 792 g.m<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>) of the superhydrophilic bacterial cellulose-alginate composite that consisted of dense outer surfaces and porous inner layers and simultaneously possessed the superhydrophobic property of the coating area that can reduce the risk of infection from external fluids and improve the blood repellency and anti-adhesion properties. The BA-ZnS/Ch/Ag wound dressing showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli and non-toxicity to human keratinocyte immortal cells (HaCaT), making it suitable for clinical applications.
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    Porous antimicrobial crosslinked film of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/carboxymethyl starch incorporating gallic acid for wound dressing application
    (2024-01-01)
    Pitpisutkul, Vipawan
    ;
    Prachayawarakorn, Jutarat
    Because of weak mechanical qualities and low degree of swelling of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/carboxymethyl starch (HP/CMS) blended films for wound dressing application, this work prepared a unique antimicrobial crosslinked film utilizing succinic acid (SA) as a non-toxic crosslinker and gallic acid (GAL) as an antibacterial agent. It was observed that the infrared-shifted peak position of O[sbnd]H stretching and bending in HP/CMS/SA/GAL films was caused by hydrogen bond formation among HP, CMS and GAL components. The antimicrobial crosslinked films considerably enhanced their mechanical properties and swelling degree. After adding SA and GAL, the films retained their porosity structure as observed by scanning electron images. Moreover, GAL-loaded HP/CMS/SA films could inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli growth, showing their wound dressing potential. Crystallinity percentage, water vapor transmission rate, gel fraction, water solubility, water uptake and cytotoxicity were also investigated.
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    Natural wound dressing films prepared from acetylated starch/κ-carrageenan blend incorporated with mandelic acid
    (2024-01-01)
    Sriphochai, Wimolsiri
    ;
    Prachayawarakorn, Jutarat
    Due to several limitations of acetylated starch film for wound dressing applications such as low mechanical properties and no antibacterial activity, acetylated starch film was, therefore, modified by different contents of κ-carrageenan and mandelic acid. Infrared spectra confirmed the presence of κ-carrageenan and mandelic acid in the modified acetylated starch films. In addition, the decreased crystallinity of the carrageenan modified acetylated starch films led to more smooth film, as observed by scanning electron images. Besides, the addition of various amounts of κ-carrageenan in the modified acetylated starch films caused the improvement of mechanical properties, moisture uptake, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and degree of swelling. Moreover, κ-carrageenan modified acetylated starch film loaded with 20 wt% of mandelic acid exhibited antibacterial property against both S.aureus and E.coli bacteria. Additionally, degree of crystallinity, mechanical properties, moisture uptake, WVTR, degree of swelling, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity of κ-carrageenan modified acetylated starch films added by different amounts of mandelic acid were also studied.
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    Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/carboxymethyl starch/zinc oxide porous nanocomposite films for wound dressing application
    (2022-12-15)
    Pitpisutkul, Vipawan
    ;
    Prachayawarakorn, Jutarat
    Because of low moisture uptake, water vapor transmission rate, oxygen transmission rate, swelling capacity and no antibacterial activity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) film, carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were incorporated in order to improve its limitations for wound dressing application. The infrared shifted peak of O–H stretching and O–H bending in HPMC/CMS blended films was detected due to hydrogen bond formation between HPMC and CMS. Scanning electron images of HPMC/CMS blended films exhibited porous structure. In addition, swelling degree, moisture uptake, water vapor transmission rate and oxygen transmission rate of HPMC/CMS blended films with various contents of CMS clearly increased compared to HPMC film. Moreover, HPMC/CMS nanocomposite films loaded with ZnO-NPs showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, revealing their potential for wound dressing application. Percentage of crystallinity, cytotoxicity, mechanical and thermal properties were also examined.
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    Characterization of an antibacterial wound dressing from basil seed (Ocimum basilicum L.) mucilage-ZnO nanocomposite
    (2019-08-15)
    Tantiwatcharothai, Siriporn
    ;
    Prachayawarakorn, Jutarat
    The large water holding capacity of Basil Seed (Ocimum basilicum L.) Mucilage (BSM) gives it potential to produce a valuable polymer for water holding applications such as wound dressing. The objective of this research was to prepare a natural-based antibacterial wound dressing from BSM by freeze-drying. Various contents of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) were incorporated as an antibacterial agent. BSM hydrogel sponge showed considerable porosity and degree of swelling. From FTIR analysis, hydrogen bond and electrostatic interaction between BSM molecules and ZnO-NP were confirmed. SEM images revealed an interconnecting open-cell structure of pores in the BSM hydrogel sponge with a good distribution of ZnO-NP. Moreover, increase in ZnO-NP content improved the mechanical properties (stress at maximum load 8.9 MPa, Young's modulus 151 MPa and strain at maximum load 51%), thermal properties, water retention capacity and antibacterial activity. Cytotoxicity and cell adhesion studies of BSM hydrogel sponge indicated non-cytotoxicity and non-adherent nature of the sponge.