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Author: search.filters.author.Puwanard, C.Subject: search.filters.subject.Aedes aegypti

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    Larvicidal and pupicidal activity of combination of two plant essential oils against Aedes aegypti
    (2025-01-01)
    Sinthusiri, J.
    ;
    Puwanard, C.
    ;
    Passara, H.
    ;
    Soonwera, M.
    The larvicidal and pupicidal effects of six mixtures of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl.) and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) essential oils (EOs) and major compositions (geranial, α-pinene and trans- cinnamaldehyde) were tested against early fourth instar and pupal stages of Aedes aegypti. The combinations (2% cinnamon EO + 1% geranial, 2% cinnamon EO + 1% trans-cinnamaldehyde and 2% cinnamon EO + 1% α-pinene) showed high toxicity against early 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae, with 100% mortalities at 24 hours and LT50 between 1.4 and 2.4 hours. Additionally, 2% nutmeg EO + 1% α-pinene showed >99% mortality at 24 hours with LT50 = 4.6 hours. 2% nutmeg EO + 1% geranial and 2% nutmeg EO + 1% α-pinene were highly toxic against pupae, with 100% mortality at 48 hours and LT50 values of 5.8 and 7.8 hours. On the other hand, temephos showed LT50 for larval and pupal stages at 9.8 and 94.1 hours. It showed that 2% nutmeg EO + 1% α-pinene was able to control immature stages and was more effective than temephos. However nutmeg extracts need to be checked for human and valuable species toxicity.
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    Toxicity of Litsea petiolata Hook.f. essential oil against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say)
    (2022-09-01)
    Puwanard, C.
    ;
    Moungthipmalai, T.
    ;
    Soonwera, M.
    This study evaluated the oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, larvicidal, pupicidal, and adulticidal activities of essential oil (EO) from Litsea petiolata leaves against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles minimus and Culex quinquefasciatus with double choice, dipping, and contact assays. Litsea petiolata EO was tested at 1, 5, and 10% concentrations in ethanol and their efficiencies were compared with those of 1% w/w temephos and 10 % w/v cypermethrin. Oviposition deterrent was evaluated on gravid females. Larvicidal and pupicidal activities were tested on the fourth larvae and 2-day-old pupae. The adulticidal activity was tested against two-day-old adult females. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO exhibited the highest oviposition deterrent activity against gravid females and 100% repellency against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus, 97.0% against Ae. aegypti and 94.6% against Cx. quinquefasciatus. The oviposition activity index (OAI) against females of those four mosquito species ranged from -0.9 to -1.0. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO also exhibited the highest ovicidal activity against the eggs of the four mosquito species, with an inhibition rate ranging from 87.2 to 100%. Moreover, it also showed the highest larvicidal and puicidal activities against the larvae and pupae of the four mosquito species, with a 100% mortality rate at 10 and 60 min, respectively. The adulticidal activity was recorded at 1 and 24h. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO exhibited the highest toxicity to female adults of the four mosquito species, with 100% knockdown (1h) and mortality (24h) rates. On the other hand, 1%w/w temephos did not deter gravid females, and it was only slightly toxic to the eggs and larvae and non-toxic to the pupae. In the same manner, 10%w/v cypermethrin was less effective against the female adults of the four mosquito species than 10% L.petiolata EO. L.petiolata EO is a highly effective and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides.
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    Ovicidal and adulticidal activities of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Illicium verum Hook. f. against Aedes aegypti (Linn.)
    (2022-01-01)
    Puwanard, C.
    ;
    Soonwera, M.
    The hatching inhibition and knockdown rates against Aedes aegypti of two essential oils (EOs): Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf and Illicium verum Hook F was evaluated. The efficacy of each of these EOs, at 1, 5, 10% emulsion in water, stabilized by tween 60<sup>®</sup>, was compared to that of 1% w/v temephos and 1% w/w cypermethrin (common, harmful synthetic insecticides). Topical and contact assays showed that 10% C. citratus and 10% I. verum emulsions were the most effective in inhibiting the hatching of mosquito eggs (100%) after 48 hours of exposure. Moreover, they were also the most toxic against mosquito adults (100% mortality) after 24 hours of exposure. This study also established that tween 60<sup>®</sup> had no effect on hatching inhibition or mortality rate of treated Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. All EO emulsions were more potent than temephos and cypermethrin against these mosquito species. Coupling this higher efficacy with no or benign known side effects of natural EOs, it can be concluded that 10% C. citratus and 10% I. verum emulsions are better alternatives than temephos and cypermethrin for a mosquito control program at the present time.