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Evaluation of spray drying microencapsulation for folic acid fortification of dried rice vermicelli (Khanom Jeen)
(2024-12-01)
Yingleardrattanakul, Phatthira
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Taprap, Ruchira
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Pinsirodom, Praphan
This study evaluated spray drying (SD) microencapsulation of folic acid for physicochemical properties and its overall suitability for fortification of dried rice vermicelli. The SD microcapsules were formulated to achieve 30 µg of folic acid per 100 g of flour. The formula was homogenized into a 2% solid phase and made into a dry powder by the SD dryer, and the fortified dough was produced and dried in the final step. Fortified samples were analyzed for chemical and physical attributes, sensory evaluation, folic acid content, and stability in processing. The physical quality testing, water content, and the aw values were significantly different from controls (P < 0.05). The acid content was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Color difference, as assessed by a colorimeter, was significant (P < 0.05). In the mixing, extrusion, and first and second washing steps, the coatings effectively prevented loss of folic acid during processing at 15, 12, 38, and 7% by wet weight, respectively. The folic acid content decreased significantly in the first 2 months of storage. In conclusion, for the fortification of flour this method was suitable and the SD microencapsulating technique can protect against folic acid loss during processing.
1
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Evaluation of the efficiency of various folic acid microencapsulation techniques for rice vermicelli (Khanom Jeen) fortification
(2024-05-01)
Yingleardrattanakul, Phatthira
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Thompson, Anthony Keith
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Taprap, Ruchira
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Pinsirodom, Praphan
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Bindu, Charan
This study evaluated the efficiency of various folic acid microencapsulation techniques, such as gel particle (GP), coacervation (CC), and spray drying (SD), for fortification of rice vermicelli. Of the microcapsules, the GP capsules were rough and 13 % soluble in acid solutions; the CC capsules formed spontaneously and were water-soluble for 120 min; and the SD capsules had spherical shape and the fastest acid solubility. The different microcapsule types had different levels of folic acid loss. CC capsules dissolved in water within 120 min, whereas GP and SD capsules were water-insoluble. SD capsules had the lowest moisture content, water activity, pH, and total acidity. For rice vermicelli fortification 300 µg of SD encapsulate per 100 g of flour. The analysis of fortified rice vermicelli included water content, folic acid, pH, total acid, sensory evaluation by drying, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), pH meter, titration respectively, and sensory testing. In the mixing, extrusion, and first and second washing steps, the wet weight basis of 100 g folic acid SD was 342.02, 470.67, 530.07, and 546.25 µg, the acidity was 3.96, 4.09, 4.12, and 4.17, respectively; the total acid was 0.11 %, 0.07 %, 0.07 %, and 0.07 %, respectively; and the loss of folic acid during the processing in each step was 38 %, 55 %, and 60 %. The sensory test results among groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05). In conclusion, SD was the most suitable technique for folic acid microencapsulation in rice vermicelli because SD microcapsules were acid-soluble but water-insoluble, thus preventing the loss of folic acid during processing.
3
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Mango Seed Kernel Extract as a Natural Antioxidant in Minced Fish During Frozen Storage
(2022-01-01)
Pinsirodom, Praphan
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Namngam, Chaianun
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Taprap, Ruchira
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Nalinanon, Sitthipong
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Thompson, Katherine Gabrielle
Mango seed kernel extract (MSKE) has been reported to contain high content of phenolic compounds, and exhibit strong in vitro antioxidant activity. This study aimed to evaluate the application of MSKE as natural antioxidant in frozen minced fish products. The effect of MSKE at different concentrations (0%, 1%, 2% and 3% w/w) on retarding lipid and protein oxidation in minced fish samples during frozen storage at-18 ºC was investigated and compared to the chemical antioxidant, BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) at 0.01% w/w. Physicochemical parameters related to the oxidative stability of minced fish samples including pH, color, peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated diene (CD), protein carbonyl, sulfphydryl groups (SH), and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) were determined. The results showed that the pH values had significantly increased in all samples being treated with MSKE and BHT after 12 weeks of frozen storage. Samples treated with 3% MSKE or BHT were significantly lower in lightness (L*) and redness (a*) but presented no significant effects on yellowness (b*). Moreover, MSKE at all concentrations studied, and BHT, significantly delayed the increase in values of PV, TBARS, CD, protein carbonyl, and TVB-N and the decrease in values of SH compared to the control sample. At the end of storage, no significant odd odor and flavor assessed by sensory test were detected in frozen minced fish. In conclusion, MSKE at 3% w/w proved to be as efficient as BHT in retarding lipid and protein oxidation in minced fish during frozen storage.
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Properties of different varieties of durian
(2021-06-02)
Arsa, Supeeraya
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Wipatanawin, Angkana
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Suwapanich, Rachit
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Makkerdchoo, Orachorn
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Chatsuwan, Niphattha
Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.), like many other exotic, tropical, and conventional fruits, is important in the prevention of different diseases. In this study, the characterization of the main bioactive compounds of the most popular cultivars of durian and their properties are described. The changes in the quality indices of the antioxidant status were determined by CUPRAC, ABTS, FRAP, DPPH, and ORAC assays. The profiling of phytochemicals was carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). For the first time, in vitro studies were performed by the interaction of extracted durian polyphenols with human serum proteins (HSP) such as human serum albumin (HSAlb), fibrinogen (HSFib) and globulin (HSGlo) as novel biomarkers of coronary artery disease (CAD). The fluorescence measurements of the resulting intensity and calculated binding properties of the interaction of polyphenols with proteins showed that the most reactive was Monthong durian cultivar. This study suggests that durian cultivars have relatively strong antioxidant, binding, and health potentials and could be a significant source of natural antioxidants used in daily fresh consumption and for functional foods.
2
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The in vitro scavenging ability of anthocyanin extracts from roselle calyces against reactive nitrogen species and their potential use for nitrite reduction in meat
(2019-08-01)
Pinsirodom, Praphan
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Parinyapatthanaboot, Thanawoot
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Taprap, Ruchira
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Kaewthong, Pensiri
The in vitro scavenging ability of roselle anthocyanin extract (RAE) against reactive nitrogen species (RNS) was compared to anthocyanin extracted from black carrots and red grapes. These anthocyanin samples exhibited concentration and pH dependence on nitrite scavenging activity, with the activity decreasing as pH was increased over the range of 3.0 to 9.0. Concentration dependent activity was also observed for the nitric oxide scavenging and inhibition of peroxynitrite induced oxidation of Evans blue dyes. The potency of RNS scavenging activity for the anthocyanins tested was in the order of grapes > roselle > black carrots. The RAE was then evaluated for its capacity in nitrite reduction in Vienna pork sausage and traditional Thai fermented pork, called Nham. The residual nitrite in Vienna pork sausage treated with 0.3% RAE at 125 or 250 mg/kg reduced nitrite to 65 and 168 mg/kg respectively, after being stored at 4±1 0C for 24 days. The residual nitrite in all Nham samples rapidly decreased around 90% of the initial nitrite level after 3 days of fermentation at 30±1 0C. Overall results show that RAE was a good source of strong reactive nitrogen species scavengers and can potentially be used as a natural nitrite reduction agent in meat products.
3
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Energy and exergy analyses of fruit juice process in Thailand
(2007-01-01)
Taprap, Ruchira
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Buachote, Papitchaya
This paper is concerned with the energy and exergy analyses of one fruit juice process in Thailand. It shows the step-by-step implementation of the process and how problems were solved. Using the enthalpy and exergy balances for each unit, the magnitude of losses both from enthalpy and exergy analyses could be highlighted. The process is divided into three units, i.e. heating unit, pasteurization unit and retort unit. The highest exergy loss was found in the pasteurization unit whereas the lowest was found in the retort unit. Using the result of this study, the plant engineers can understand clearly the energy efficiencies of their process. Therefore, they can prioritize the needed improvement of the process.
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Separation profile of binary component in conventional and feed splitting distillation column by simulator HYSYS
(2005-01-01)
Taprap, Ruchira
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Kawasaki, Junjiro
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Habaki, Hiroaki
The separation performances of ideal mixture (n-hexane and n-heptane) were evaluated by using the commercial software simulator called HYSYS in the conventional distillation column and the feed splitting column. The optimum conditions of stage number and reflux ratio can be pointed out from the simulation results. To obtain a better separation performance, the stage number should be increased while having a low reflux or vice versa. From the result of conventional column, the condition of minimum reflux ratio was visualized. Moreover, the composition profiles of those two columns were performed with the variations of stage number, reflux ratio and the second feed location in feed splitting column in order to find the proper criteria.
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Exergy analysis of food snack process by EUD
(2000-12-01)
Taprap, Ruchira
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Raungrusmee, Sujitta
EUD (Energy Utilization Diagram) is properly applied to the food snack process in Thailand. There are two processes of food snack, i.e. fish snack process and bean snack process. EUD can display the amount of utilized enthalpy by the abscissa and the quality of energy between energy donating process and energy accepting process by the ordinate. The area on this EUD shows the exergy losses of these processes. For the fish snack process, there are three main units, i.e. preheating unit, drying unit and roasting unit. For the bean snack process, there are boiler, heat exchanger, frying unit and parching unit. EUDs of overall processes are also displayed in this study. In addition, the improved process was proposed and analyzed with EUD. It showed energy distribution of these processes quite clear.

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