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Author: search.filters.author.Thongchul, NutthaSubject: search.filters.subject.Optimization

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    Overview of biorefinery
    (2022-01-01)
    Thongchul, Nuttha
    ;
    Charoensuppanimit, Pongtorn
    ;
    Anantpinijwatna, Amata
    ;
    Gani, Rafiqul
    ;
    Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
    A strong reliance on fossil resources gives rise to a depletion of nonrenewable resources and negative or harmful environmental impacts. Circumvention of this energy-environment nexus has been proposed through the application of the concept of biorefinery. In this concept, biomass, an alternative renewable feedstock containing C-rich chemicals, is utilized as a replacement of the fossil-based feedstock to produce bioenergy and bio-based chemicals. Originally, biorefinery was perceived as a platform of biomass processing, which would produce primarily fuels and chemicals. To date, biorefinery harnesses a variety of sustainable and synergetic technologies that converts biomass into a wide range of profitable products such as food-and-feed for the future, biopharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals. Due to variability of feedstock and newly emerged technologies, classifications of biorefinery are diverse and depend on the basis (e.g., source of a biomass, the generation of a feedstock, etc.) taken in consideration. A comprehensive view of biorefinery requires the consideration of processing of biomass from different origins via diversified technology platforms. Since the concept of biorefinery also concerns social aspects and location-specific technologies, various aspects of stakeholders including academia, industry, economy, and society need also to be considered. Collaboration among the various actors is facilitated if necessary key information is easily accessible. Therefore, an overview of biorefinery should cover key information related to biorefinery, such as nature of biomass, current situation, available technologies, process design methods, associated tools, and analyses of processing routes along with case studies. In this chapter, the indices representing the key information related to biorefinery are arranged alphabetically and tabulated to enhance a good understanding of the concept of biorefinery.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Optimization of synechococcus sp. VDW cultivation with artificially prepared shrimp wastewater for ammonium removal and its potential for use as a biofuel feedstock
    (2019-01-01)
    Srimongkol, Piroonporn
    ;
    Thongchul, Nuttha
    ;
    Phunpruch, Saranya
    ;
    Karnchanatat, Aphichart
    To investigate the potential of application of marine cyanobacterium for concurrent biomass production and ammonium removal, Synechococcus sp. VDW was cultured under different conditions in medium containing varying concentrations of NH <inf>4</inf> Cl. Response surface methodology (RSM) was then used to build a predictive model of the combined effects of independent variables (pH, inoculum size, ammonium concentration). At the optimum conditions of initial pH 7.4, inoculum size 0.17 (OD730) and ammonium concentration 10.5 mg L <sup>–1</sup> , the maximum ammonium removal and biomass productivity were about 95% and 34 mg L <sup>–1</sup> d <sup>–1</sup> , respectively, after seven days of cultivation. The result of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis showed that the major fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2 n6 cis), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1 n9 cis), which accounted for more than 80% weight of total fatty acids. Further, analysis of neutral lipid accumulation using flow cytometry revealed that the mean of the fluorescence intensity increased under optimal conditions. These results indicate that Synechococcus sp. VDW has the potential for use for concurrent water treatment and production of biomass that can be applied as biofuel feedstock.