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Sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine microalgae, Synechococcus sp. VDW, inhibit the human colon cancer cell line Caco-2 by promoting cell apoptosis via the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathway
(2023-01-01)
Srimongkol, Piroonporn
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Songserm, Pajareeya
;
Kuptawach, Kittisak
;
Puthong, Songchan
;
Sangtanoo, Papassara
This study offers an examination of the physicochemical qualities of marine microalgae-derived sulfated polysaccharides (MMPS) from Synechococcus sp. VDW along with an investigation of their antioxidant and antitumor activities. On average, MMPS offered a molecular weight of 190.94 kDa with sulfate content of 16.83 %. There were shown to be four different monosaccharides contained within MMPS. The anticancer characteristics of human colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2) were also investigated. Flow cytometry revealed that MMPS triggered apoptosis at doses of 1 mg mL−1. Meanwhile, analysis of gene and apoptosis protein expression demonstrated that MMPS increased apoptosis in Caco-2 cells via the p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways. These findings contribute to our current understanding of how MMPS helps promote tumor suppression. In conclusion, the possibility that MMPS may possess anticancer qualities in the treatment of human colon cancer makes it an appealing candidate for anticancer polysaccharide combinations with chemotherapeutic agents and functional foods.
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Overview of biorefinery
(2022-01-01)
Thongchul, Nuttha
;
Charoensuppanimit, Pongtorn
;
Anantpinijwatna, Amata
;
Gani, Rafiqul
;
Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
A strong reliance on fossil resources gives rise to a depletion of nonrenewable resources and negative or harmful environmental impacts. Circumvention of this energy-environment nexus has been proposed through the application of the concept of biorefinery. In this concept, biomass, an alternative renewable feedstock containing C-rich chemicals, is utilized as a replacement of the fossil-based feedstock to produce bioenergy and bio-based chemicals. Originally, biorefinery was perceived as a platform of biomass processing, which would produce primarily fuels and chemicals. To date, biorefinery harnesses a variety of sustainable and synergetic technologies that converts biomass into a wide range of profitable products such as food-and-feed for the future, biopharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals. Due to variability of feedstock and newly emerged technologies, classifications of biorefinery are diverse and depend on the basis (e.g., source of a biomass, the generation of a feedstock, etc.) taken in consideration. A comprehensive view of biorefinery requires the consideration of processing of biomass from different origins via diversified technology platforms. Since the concept of biorefinery also concerns social aspects and location-specific technologies, various aspects of stakeholders including academia, industry, economy, and society need also to be considered. Collaboration among the various actors is facilitated if necessary key information is easily accessible. Therefore, an overview of biorefinery should cover key information related to biorefinery, such as nature of biomass, current situation, available technologies, process design methods, associated tools, and analyses of processing routes along with case studies. In this chapter, the indices representing the key information related to biorefinery are arranged alphabetically and tabulated to enhance a good understanding of the concept of biorefinery.
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Perspectives, challenges and future directions
(2022-01-01)
Thongchul, Nuttha
;
Charoensuppanimit, Pongtorn
;
Anantpinijwatna, Amata
;
Gani, Rafiqul
;
Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
As discussed extensively in this book, biorefinery is perceived as a promising platform for the sustainable conversion of biomass into a variety of value-added products. As a result of attempts to replace a nonrenewable feedstock with renewable biomass, the technological advances in biorefineries have been immense in recent years. However, the commercialization of biorefineries currently face challenges from various directions, such as the availability of feedstock, the competitiveness of bio-based products, the processing technologies and unit operations, as well as methods and associated computer-aided tools for the synthesis and design of biorefinery processes. To facilitate readers’ insight, crucial elements are summarized in this chapter for each issue in terms of the current situation, the challenges, and the anticipated future developments.
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Isolation and characterization of anti-inflammatory peptides derived from trypsin hydrolysis of microalgae protein (Synechococcus sp. VDW)
(2019-10-02)
Suttisuwan, Rutairat
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Phunpruch, Saranya
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Saisavoey, Tanatorn
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Sangtanoo, Papassara
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Thongchul, Nuttha
The Synechococcus sp. VDW peptides were prepared by trypsin digestion, which was then purified by ultrafiltration with molecular weight cut off membranes of 10, 5 and 3 kDa. Among the fractions, the MW <3 kDa fraction exhibited high levels of inhibitory activity toward the NO radical scavenging activities with IC<inf>50</inf> values of 34.51 ± 9.8 μg/mL. The MW <3 kDa fraction was purified by reversed-phase HPLC to yield four fractions. The 30–40 min sub-fraction with maximum NO radical scavenging activity (77.50 ± 0.55%) was selected for further analysis by Q-TOF ESI mass spectrometry. Five isolated peptides with amino acid sequences of AILQSYSAGKTK; 1,265.69 Da, ALNKTHLIQTK; 1,265.74 Da, LLVHAPVK; 875.55 Da, IPDAHPVK; 875.48 Da, and VVVLRDGAVQQLGTPR; 1,706.97 Da were identified. The MW <3 kDa fraction showed no cytotoxicity toward RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the MW <3 kDa fraction reduced gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines iNOS, TNF-α, COX-2, and IL-6. The peptides isolated from the MW <3 kDa fractions represent potential model peptides to develop natural anti-inflammation food-grade ingredients, drugs, and cosmetic products.
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Optimization of synechococcus sp. VDW cultivation with artificially prepared shrimp wastewater for ammonium removal and its potential for use as a biofuel feedstock
(2019-01-01)
Srimongkol, Piroonporn
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Thongchul, Nuttha
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Phunpruch, Saranya
;
Karnchanatat, Aphichart
To investigate the potential of application of marine cyanobacterium for concurrent biomass production and ammonium removal, Synechococcus sp. VDW was cultured under different conditions in medium containing varying concentrations of NH <inf>4</inf> Cl. Response surface methodology (RSM) was then used to build a predictive model of the combined effects of independent variables (pH, inoculum size, ammonium concentration). At the optimum conditions of initial pH 7.4, inoculum size 0.17 (OD730) and ammonium concentration 10.5 mg L –1 , the maximum ammonium removal and biomass productivity were about 95% and 34 mg L –1 d –1 , respectively, after seven days of cultivation. The result of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis showed that the major fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2 n6 cis), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1 n9 cis), which accounted for more than 80% weight of total fatty acids. Further, analysis of neutral lipid accumulation using flow cytometry revealed that the mean of the fluorescence intensity increased under optimal conditions. These results indicate that Synechococcus sp. VDW has the potential for use for concurrent water treatment and production of biomass that can be applied as biofuel feedstock.
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Free radical scavenging properties and induction of apoptotic effects of fa fraction obtained after proteolysis of bioactive peptides from microalgae synechococcus sp. VDW
(2019-01-01)
Suttisuwan, Rutairat
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Phunpruch, Saranya
;
Saisavoey, Tanatorn
;
Sangtanoo, Papassara
;
Thongchul, Nuttha
This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of bioactive peptides derived from Synechococcus sp. VDW cells cultured for 21 days. Synechococcus sp. VDW protein hydrolysates were prepared with trypsin and purified by ultrafiltration with molecular mass cut-off membranes of 10, 5 and 3 kDa. The M<3 kDa (FA) fraction had the highest 2,2'-azino- bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, with IC50 values of (11.5±0.3) and (13.6±0.2) μg/ mL, respectively. The FA fraction was separated by reversed phase HPLC to yield four subfractions (F1-4). The F4 subfraction showed the highest maximum ABTS radical scavenging activity (3.55±0.61) % and it was selected for further analysis by electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) based on de novo peptide sequencing. Five antioxidant peptides were identified, of which AILESYSAGKTK had the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, the FA fraction showed high cytotoxic activities against human cancer-derived cell lines, especially the colon cancer cell line (SW620) with an IC50 value of (106.6±21.5) μg/mL, but not the untransformed Wi38 cell line. The FA fraction activated the apoptotic pathway in SW620 cells after treatment for 24, 48 and 72 h, with the highest activities of caspases-3, -8 and -9 being observed after treatment for 72 h. These findings suggested that microalgae Synechococcus sp. VDW may be used to develop natural anticancer drugs.

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