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Start date: 2023Subject: search.filters.subject.β-carotene

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    Enhanced carotenoid production in Chlorococcum humicola via two-stage cultivation in synthetic wastewater under white light stress conditions
    (2026-12-01)
    Umpuch, Chakkrit
    ;
    Krommuang, Atchari
    ;
    Paopo, Idtisak
    ;
    Kunyawut, Chatchai
    Carotenoids are high-value pigments widely used in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications due to their antioxidant properties. This study investigates the effect of white light intensity on carotenoid biosynthesis in Chlorococcum humicola cultivated in synthetic domestic wastewater using a two-stage process in a 10-L airlift photobioreactor. The first stage (green phase) supported optimal biomass growth at 3,500 Lux, followed by a stress-induced red phase under nitrogen depletion with elevated light intensities ranging from 3,500 to 60,000 Lux. Biomass, chlorophyll, fatty acids, and carotenoids were analyzed, and β-carotene was identified using HPLC. At 20,000–40,000 Lux, cells preferentially accumulated fatty acids up to 26.69 ±0.14 percent of dry weight, indicating a metabolic shift toward energy storage. Exposure to 60,000 Lux significantly enhanced carotenoid production, reaching 1.69 ± 0.03 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, with β-carotene accounting for 17.16 ± 0.04 percent of total carotenoids. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). The stable chlorophyll-to-biomass ratio suggests metabolic reallocation rather than pigment degradation. These findings demonstrate the photoadaptive capacity of C. humicola and highlight white light as an eco-friendly strategy for enhancing carotenoid production in scalable systems.
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    Valorizing Red Seaweed Spent Biomass into Reducing Sugars for β-Carotene Production by Rhodotorula paludigena
    (2026-05-01)
    Kongsinkaew, Chatchol
    ;
    Tangsattayatithan, Chutipol
    ;
    Chittapun, Supenya
    ;
    Phiphatbunyabhorn, Parivat
    ;
    Laemthong, Tunyaboon
    Seaweed bioactive extraction generates de-extracted residual solids that remain carbohydrate-rich but are often underutilized. This study developed an integrated valorization route for Gracilaria fisheri spent biomass to produce fermentable sugars for β-carotene production by Rhodotorula paludigena CM33. Reducing sugar production was optimized using response surface methodology (Box–Behnken design) by varying reaction time, sulfuric acid concentration, and biomass loading at 90 °C. The predicted optimum (47.39 min, 2.50% (w/v) H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf>, and 7.13% (w/v) biomass) yielded 22.41 g/L reducing sugars and was validated experimentally at 22.22 ± 0.19 g/L, indicating that the model reliably predicted reducing sugar production. The optimized condition was scaled up in a 22 L bioreactor with sequential acid hydrolysis followed by enzyme-assisted hydrolysis, increasing reducing sugars from ~30 to ~40 g/L. FTIR and SEM analyses indicated progressive modification of the carbohydrate matrix across processing stages. Batch cultivation of R. paludigena on the hydrolysate showed that ammonium sulfate supplementation significantly increased biomass, whereas β-carotene titers were not significantly different. Repeated-batch operation on non-supplemented hydrolysate sustained production over four cycles with β-carotene titers of 13.75–17.27 mg/L, demonstrating the operational feasibility of the hydrolysate-based system. Overall, this work demonstrates a practical seaweed biorefinery approach to upgrade G. fisheri spent biomass into sugars and carotenoid-rich yeast biomass.
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    Developing a novel artificial model to predict the foaming properties and β-carotene content of lucuma (Pouteria lucuma) during foam-mat drying and process optimization
    (2024-12-01)
    Thuy, Nguyen Minh
    ;
    Duong, Le Thi Thuy
    ;
    Giau, Tran Ngoc
    ;
    Hao, Hong Van
    ;
    Minh, Vo Quang
    Drying fruit puree by the foam drying method has become popular due to its simplicity, low cost, short drying time, and low thermal degradation. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of foaming conditions on foam properties (foam expansion, foam density) and content of β-carotene in lucuma powder using Box-Behnken design (BBD) with 3 factors and 3 levels, including water:lucuma ratio (1:1–3:1), egg albumin concentration (EA, 5–15 %), and xanthan gum (XG, 0.1–0.3 %). Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used for model establishment. The results showed that as the EA increased, the foam volume increased significantly, while the foam density decreased. The ANN-coupled BBD model structure of 3–10-3 demonstrated a high level of accuracy in predicting the impact of foaming formulation on responses, with a coefficient of determination exceeding 0.99. The optimal conditions by stimulation multiple-objective RSM for lucuma foam-mat drying were achieved with a water:lucuma ratio, EA, and XG of 2.53:1, 10.8 %, and 0.22 %, respectively. Based on these ideal conditions, the foam density, foam expansion, and β-carotene content of the dried powder were found to be 0.23 ± 0.04 g/mL, 228 ± 2 %, and 237.1 ± 0.1 μg/g, respectively. The obtained experimental values were very close to the model-predicted results, with very low differences identified when the validation was performed. These findings provide information for controlling the drying process using an artificial model and further applying lucuma powder in various fields in the food industry.
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    Rhodotorula paludigena CM33 cultivation process development for high β-carotene single cell protein production
    (2023-11-01)
    Thumkasem, Namphet
    ;
    On-mee, Thapanut
    ;
    Chittapun, Supenya
    ;
    Pornpukdeewattana, Soisuda
    ;
    Ketudat-Cairns, Mariena
    Rhodotorula yeast has potential in terms of biotechnology for the production of various compounds for the environmental, industrial, and medical sectors. It is well known to generate carotenoid pigments that are beneficially distinguished. This investigation aimed to optimize the growth of Rhodotorula paludigena CM33 and its production of β-carotene. Response Surface Methodology was employed to optimize temperature, ammonium sulfate, and ferric chloride concentrations in a 5L-bioreactor batch culture. The optimal conditions of 30 °C, 6.2 g/L of ammonium sulfate, and 75.0 mg/L of ferric chloride provided biomass of 17.71 g/L, a specific growth rate of 0.22 h<sup>−1</sup>, and β-carotene concentration of 40.29 mg/L. Upon scaling up the cultivation process, the 22L-bioreactor displayed similar growth patterns to those of the 5L-bioreactor. However, the 22L-bioreactor exhibited higher product yields in a shorter time period. The maximum biomass production of 18.96 ± 1.31 g/L and the maximum β-carotene production of 42.81 ± 0.61 mg/L were achieved at 28 h. This scaling-up strategy resulted in improved production efficiency. Additionally, the nutritional value of the cells was evaluated, suggesting their potential as animal feed supplements. R. paludigena CM33 demonstrated a β-carotene single-cell protein content, making it a valuable source for aquaculture and livestock feed. These findings highlight the potential of this yeast strain for large-scale production of β-carotene and single-cell protein, offering nutritional benefits for animal feed.