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Chaetomium: Goldmine for Sustainable Agriculture
(2026-01-01)
Soytong, Kasem
;
Song, Jiaojiao
Chaetomium species are saprophytic fungi that are valuable resources for sustainable agriculture. It is found all over the world because it is durable and survives in living organisms in different climates. Chaetomium species are mostly ascomycete saprophytic fungi that survive well under stressful environmental conditions. This area has become one of the gold mines for sustainable agricultural production to maintain a balanced ecological system. The specific, potent isolates of Chaetomium were found to protect economic plants through disease, insect, and nematode control and to strongly produce cellulase to degrade organic materials in the fermentation process to increase soil nutrient fertility. All the discovered strains are recommended for acute and dermal toxicity, screening for agrochemical resistance and durability in different climates, including acidic or alkaline conditions, and growing in a wide range of temperature regimes. Research has revealed that Chaetomium species can be developed as biological fungicides, biological insecticides, biological nematicides, and natural active metabolites for plant disease control as well as biosensors for soil revitalization. These bioproducts can be used for sustainable agricultural development and maintain biological diversity in surrounding environments. Research on microbial products of Chaetomium species and other fungi for plant disease control has been conducted since 1989. After several years, 22 effective strains of Chaetomium were discovered and patented as broad-spectrum microbial fungicides, noted as Patent No. 6266, International Code: AO 1 N 25/12, and then registered as Ketomium® microbial fungicides in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam and as microbial fertilizers in P. R. China. Chaetomium as a microbial fungicide and microbial fertilizer can be applied in combination with integrated pest management (IPM). It has been shown to have pathogen and disease suppressive, curative, and protective effects to control plant diseases. It is strongly recommended to prove acute and dermal toxicity, agrochemical resistance screening, acidity or alkaline conditions, and temperature regimes before developing microbial fungicides and microbial fertilizers. Chaetomium spp. are distributed worldwide and survive well under stress conditions. It serves as a natural goldmine for sustainability to maintain and revitalize the environment and preserve the natural and ecological balance in nature. Chaetomium species are broad habitats in soil, water, and endophytes with various biological properties of antagonists of phytopathogens, some insects, plant parasitic nematodes, and human pathogens, as well as the production of active metabolites, enzymes, etc.
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Microbial Nanotechnology in Agricultural Applications
(2026-01-01)
Song, Jiaojiao
;
Soytong, Kasem
Nanotechnology has been developed for plant disease management, and many kinds of organic nanoparticles have been developed to induce the immunity of plants, such as plant vaccines. Natural products from Chaetomium lucknowense, Chaetomium brasiliense, Chaetomium cochliodes, Chaetomium cupreum, Chaetomium elatum, Chaetomium globosum, Chaetomium siamense, Emericella nidulans, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma hamatum are reported to have antimicrobial activities against plant pathogens. In particular, Ch. siamense is a newly discovered and endophytic Chaetomium spp. that produces active metabolites. These active metabolites from Chaetomium spp., E. nidulans, T. harzianum, and T. hamatum are constructed as nanofibers for inducing plant disease immunity through phytoalexin production as nanoplant vaccines. The nanofibers are used as elicitors for the induction of immunity in plants that induce phytoalexin biosynthesis, for example, scopoletin and anthocyanidin against Phytophthora or Pythium rot and scoparone against Phytophthora or Pythium rot, capsidiol in chili against anthracnose, alpha-tomatine in tomato against Fusarium wilt, and sakuranetin and oryzalexin in rice plants against blast. The natural product nanoelicitors derived from Chaetomium spp., Emericella spp., and Trichoderma spp. help reduce disease incidence in plants.
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Nanofibers derived from endophytic Chaetomium brasilense for growth stimulation of rice
(2022-03-01)
Song, J. J.
;
Soytong, K.
;
Thianrat, L.
Chaetomiumn brasilense PT302 was endophytically isolated from rice var Supanburi 1 and Prathumthani 80 which firstly selected for investigation to promote the growth of rice. It is morphologically and molecular phylogenetic confirmation through ITS1 and ITS4 as Ch.brasilense PT302 compared to Achaetomium strumarium (JX863914) as out group. Crude metabolites (crude hexane, crude ethyl acetate and crude methanol) at 50 ppm from Ch. brasiliense were proved to promote seed germination of rice var. Supanburi 1 and Pathumtani 80 at 7 days which found significantly higher seed germination than the non-treated control. Nanofibers constructed Ch. brasiliense promoted significantly higher seed germination, plant height and number of tillers than the non-treated control in rice var Supanburi 1 and Prathumthani 80 in 7 days at low concentration of 5 ppm planted in Chachengsao and Bangkok soil series. Nanofibers derived from endophytic Ch. brasilense is actively promoted plant growth at lower concentration than crude metabolites. It is firstly reported the natural product nanofiber constructed from endophytic Ch. brasilense to stimulate plant growth.
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Nanoparticles Derived from Active Metabolites of Chaetomium cupreum CC3003 against Phytophthora Rot of Durian
(2022-01-01)
Tongon, Rujira
;
Soytong, Kasem
Phytophthora rot of durian (Durio zibetinus L.) is a serious disease wherever the crop has been planted and the disease control customarily uses chemical fungicides reported to be resistant by pathogen. Alternative non-chemical control strategies are being investigated to produce safe food. The main objective of this research was to test the activity of metabolites from Chaetomium cupreum CC3003 in the form of crude materials and nanoparticles to control and induce immunity to Phytophthora palmivora causing rot of durian var. Monthong. The results showed that P. palmivora proved to be pathogenic to durian var. Monthong. C. cupreum CC3003 acted as an antagonist and P. palmivora was confirmed as the pathogen by morphological and molecular genetic identification. Effective doses (ED50) of CC-E, CC-H and CC-M crude metabolites for spore inhibition were 60, 97 and 140 mg.kg-1, respectively. The research findings found that the diameters of nano CC-E, nano CC-H and nano CC-M were 534, 499 and 537 nm, respectively. The nano CC-E, nano CC-H and nano CC-M demonstrated antifungal activity against P. palmivora with ED50 of 11, 13 and 16 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The nanoparticles at low concentrations were more effective than crude metabolites at high concentrations. Nano-CC-E used to treat seedlings of durian resulted in the production of scopoletin which served as an immunity agent or elicitor against rot disease of durian. It is concluded that active metabolites derived from C. cupreum significantly inhibited P. palmivora and induced immunity through phytoalexin production
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Research investigation of natural products from microorganisms for sustainable agriculture in Vietnam: A short comminication
(2020-01-01)
Soytong, K.
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Song, J. J.
;
Dinh, M. T.
;
Hoang, H.
The potent microorganisms used for sustainable agriculture in Vietnam has been investigated by Soytong, K. for years. The natural products named synegistic Chaetomium and Trichoderma Biofungicide, Biodegradable nano-elicitor for plant immunity and Biodecomposer for soil revitalization and improvement through fermentation to increase organic matter and fertility in the cultivated soils. The mixture of several strains of powerful Chaetomium for plant disease control to be a broad spectrum biofungicide and enzymatic fungi for biodecomposer are proved to be synergistic fungal community. A novel biodegradable nano-particles contructed from active metabolites of Chaetomium spp named nano-elicitor is discovered to induce immunity in plants eg rice, tomato, durian and citrus. Biodecomposer demonstasrtes as a synergistic group of microorganism producing cellulase, hemicellulase, ligninase and protease that produced from Achaetomium sp., Eurotium sp, Emericella sp, Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus terreus and 3 benefit bacteria to degrade organic and inorganic materials, and improve soil revitalization and productivity. Withis some parts of research projects were supported by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in Vietnam.
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Nano-particles from Chaetomium lucknowense to inhibit rice blast pathogen causded by Pyricularia oryzae in pot experiment
(2018-12-01)
Song, J. J.
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Soytong, K.
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Kanokmedhakul, S.
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Kanokmedhakul, K.
Nano-particles derived from Chaetomium lucknowense proved to be antagonized Pyricularia oryzae causing rice blast disease var. RD57. Result showed that nano-ECL, nano-MCL and nano-HCL expressed antifungal activities against P. oryzae (rice blast disease) at the ED <inf>50</inf> values were 82, 114, 181ppm, respectively. In pot experiment, the nano-CL gave significantly better to control rice blast than the chemical fungicide (Tricyclazole) in rice var. RD57. Rice blast disease showed that nano-CL gave the highest reduction of 54 %, when compared to the chemical fungicide that the disease decreased 29.26 %. Application of nano-CL gave the highest plant strands of 87.62 cm when compared to Tricyclazole (74.91 cm). Nano-particles from C. lucknowense is being developed to be nano-elicitors for plant immunity.
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Application of nano-particles derived from chaetomium elatum che01 to control pyricularia oryzae causing rice blast
(2018-11-01)
Song, J. J.
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Kanokmedhakul, S.
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Kanokmedhalkul, K.
;
Soytong, K.
Pyricularia oryzae causing rice blast was isolated and proved for pathogenicity. Chaetomium elatum ChE01 was proved to be antagonized P. oryzae in bi-culture antagonistic test which averaged inhibition of 60.40 % within 15 days. Fungal metabolites from C. elatum ChE01 were extracted and tested to inhibit P. oryzae. Results showed that crude ethyl acetate expressed antifungal activity against P. oryzae which the effective dose <inf>50</inf> (ED <inf>50</inf> ) was 231 ppm., followed by crude methanol and crude hexane which the ED <inf>50</inf> were 460 and 2,122 ppm. respectively. It was shown that nano-CCE gave the highest inhibition P. oryzae which the ED <inf>50</inf> was 8.25 ppm, and followed by nano-CEM and nano-CEH which the ED <inf>50</inf> values were 11.21 and 65.52 ppm, respectively. Further research findings are investigated in pot and field experiments.
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Molecular identification of chaetomium species from soil in Vietnam
(2018-03-01)
Quyet, N. T.
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Thanh, N. D.
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Cuong, H. V.
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Huong, B. T.L.
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Soytong, K.
This study reported some species of the Chaetomiaceae from collected soil samples in Vietnam. Soil samples were taken from dragon fruit crop cultivation in Tien Giang and Long An provinces in 2017. All species of Chaetomiaceae were isolated from soil samples by soil baiting technique. All species were identified based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of β-tubulin gene. At least four species of the Chaetomiaceae family were identified, including Arcopilus aureus, Arcopilus cupreus, Chaetomium cochliodes and Chaetomium globosum. These strains were strongly antagonistic activity against Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing brown spot disease of Hylocereus undatus (white-fleshed pitahaya) in Vietnam. Further research would be done the control mechanism and acute and dermal toxicology test for environmental safety. Finally it maybe formulate as biological fungicide to control this serious disease in the field.
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Nano-particle derived from chaetomium cuprem cc3003 against anthracnose of coffee var. Arabica
(2018-01-01)
Somlit, Vilavong
;
Somdej, Kanokmedhakul
;
Kaunchai, Kanokmedhakul
;
Soytong, Kasem
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is proved to be a pathogenic isolate causing anthracnose disease on coffee var. Arabica in Lao PDR. Chaetomium cupreum CC3003 inhibits sporulation of C. gloeosporiodes by 42.60 % in 30 days. The tested nano CCH, nano CCE and nano CCM derived from C. cupreum CC3003 significantly inhibits C. gloeosporioides that cause coffee anthracnose at low concentrations of about 3-15 ppm. The tested nano-particles applied to inoculated coffee seedlings significantly reduce coffee anthracnose. Research and development on nano-particles extracted from fungi are necessary to discover new strategies to control plant disease.
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Biological control of Phytophthora palmivora causing root rot of pomelo using Chaetomium spp.
(2015-01-01)
Hung, Phung Manh
;
Wattanachai, Pongnak
;
Kasem, Soytong
;
Poaim, Supatta
Phytophthora diseases have become a major impediment in the citrus production in Thailand. In this study, an isolate of Phytophthora denominated as PHY02 was proven to be causal pathogen of root rot of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) in Thailand. The isolate PHY02 was morphologically characterized and identified as Phytophthora palmivora based on molecular analysis of an internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence. This work also presents in vitro evaluations of the capacities of Chaetomium spp. to control the P. palmivora PHY02. As antagonists, Chaetomium globosum CG05, Chaetomium cupreum CC3003, Chaetomium lucknowense CL01 inhibited 50~61% mycelial growth, degraded mycelia and reduced 92~99% sporangial production of P. palmivora PHY02 in bi-culture test after 30 days. Fungal metabolites from Chaetomium spp. were tested against PHY02. Results showed that, methanol extract of C. globosum CG05 expressed strongest inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and sporangium formation of P. palmivora PHY02 with effective dose ED50 values of 26.5 μg/mL and 2.3 μg/mL, respectively. It is interesting that C. lucknowense is reported for the first time as an effective antagonist against a species of Phytophthora.

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