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    Impact of botanical essential oils on pupation and survival of Musca domestica L.
    (2026-05-01)
    Moungthipmalai, T.
    ;
    Sriboonjit, N.
    ;
    Khuendee, P.
    ;
    Phunglakchai, J.
    ;
    Thongsaiklaing, M.
    Among the tested botanical extracts, Illicium verum (star anise) essential oil at 10% demonstrated the highest efficacy in disrupting normal pupal development. Only 65.00% of individuals successfully emerged as fully developed adults after a 10-day exposure period. A notable proportion exhibited transitional deformities, particularly malformed pupal-adult intermediates, indicating interference with metamorphic progression. In comparison, cypermethrin, a commonly applied synthetic insecticide at the same concentration, resulted in a lower mortality rate of 39.67% under identical experimental conditions. The superior performance of star anise oil highlighted its potential as a plant-derived alternative for insect control. These findings suggested that the incorporation of such natural products into integrated pest management strategies may reduce dependence on conventional synthetic chemicals.
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    Adulticidal activity of star anise, turmeric, cloves and combinations against houseflies
    (2025-01-01)
    Sinthusiri, J.
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    Soonwera, M.
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    Puwanard, C.
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    Passara, H.
    ;
    Thongsaiklaing, T.
    The small droplet size could increase the absorbed ingredients and high stability. The star anise nanoemulsion was determined optimum efficacy, with a 1% concentration resulting in the highest knockdown and mortality rate of 100%. Its KT<inf>50</inf> and mortality effective values were 28 min and 36 times, respectively. Furthermore, the adult stage of houseflies is found to be susceptible to star anise nanoemulsion. In contrast, cypermethrin was less toxic to it, with a high KT<inf>50</inf> and resistance to adult houseflies. Consequently, the star anise nanoemulsion could be developed into an efficient and safe environment for controlling housefly populations.
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    Adulticidal activity against housefly (Musca domestica L.; Muscidae: Diptera) of eucalyptol, limonene, and their combined formulation
    (2022-01-01)
    Moungthipmalai, T.
    ;
    Soonwera, M.
    The insecticidal potency of eucalyptol, limonene, and a combined formulation against housefly (Musca domestica) was evaluated and compared to that of cypermethrin, a common synthetic insecticide. The knockdown and mortality rates were determined by a standard susceptibility assay recommended by World Health Organization. The tested concentrations of eucalyptol and limonene were 1, 5, and 10%, while the combined formulation was 5% eucalyptol + 5% limonene. The highest efficacy (100% mortality rate) was provided by the combined formulation (5% eucalyptol + 5% limonene). Both individual essential oil constituents provided a mortality rate ranging from 10.7-82.0% and a knockdown rate ranging from 8.0-81.3%. Most importantly, the 5% eucalyptol + 5% limonene combined formulation provided as high a mortality and knockdown rate as that of 10% cypermethrin. Therefore, it has a good potential as a safer and equivalently effective, natural product alternative to cypermethrin.
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    Effectiveness of bastard oleaster (Elaeagnus latifolia) extracts against the nymph of mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti)
    (2019-01-01)
    Pumnuan, J.
    ;
    Sannongmueang, T.
    ;
    Inyod, T.
    ;
    Insung, A.
    Bastard oleaster (Elaeagnus latifolia) is sometimes gathered from subtropical wild for local use as food, medicine and fuel. The objective of this study was to investigate the insecticidal properties of extracts from leaves and fruits of bastard oleaster against the nymph of mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti) by using leaf dipping method. The different extracts of bastard oleaster as water extract by decoction method, ethanol and hexane extracts by percolation and Soxhlet methods were applied with various concentrations; 0 (5% tween-20 water) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% (w/v), and imidacloprid insecticide used as positive control. Then the insect mortality was observed at 24 and 48 h, as well as the repellent index (%RI) was observed at 24 h. The results showed that ethanolic extract from bastard oleaster fruits by Soxhlet method and leaves by percolation method were highly effective in killing the nymph of mealybug with the LC50 at 48 h for 2.64 and 2.83%, respectively. The bastard oleaster leaves extracted by percolation and Soxhlet at 5% concentrations showed rather strong effect in repellence when the nymph of mealybug with >52% RI was found within 24 h. In addition, all extracts of bastard oleaster at 5% concentrations were more effective against the nymph of mealybug than imidacloprid insecticide at 24 h. Therefore, extracts from this wild plant, bastard oleaster leaves would be promoted and used as botanical insecticide in the future.
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    GC-MS analysis and biopesticide properties of different crude extracts of Annona squamosa and Annona muricata
    (2019-01-01)
    Deewatthanawong, R.
    ;
    Kongchinda, P.
    ;
    Deewatthanawong, P.
    ;
    Pumnuan, J.
    ;
    Insung, A.
    Most common compounds identified by GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts from leaves of Annona squamosa (sweetsop) and Annona muricata (soursop) were neophytadiene, hexadecanoic acid, and trans-caryophyllene. Hexadecenoic acid and ethyl oleate were identified in seeds of A. muricata, while only methyl-p-tert-butyl phenylacetate was identified in seeds extract of A. squamosa. Crude extracts were tested for their antifungal activities against postharvest plant pathogens, insecticidal activities against brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero. Results showed low inhibitory effect (less than 20%) for the pathogenic fungi insecticidal test against cassava mealybug of all crude brown planthopper treated with 5% seed extract of A. squamosa, indicating its potential as an alternative botanical insecticide. Further studies are required to improve yield and extract quality.
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    Efficacy of herbal essential oils as insecticides against the housefly, Musca domestica L.
    (2013-01-01)
    Sinthusiri, Jirisuda
    ;
    Soonwera, Mayura
    The insecticidal effects of 20 essential oils derived from herbs, were tested against the housefly species Musca domestica L. using a susceptibility test. Each was applied in ethyl alcohol at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10% (v/v). Ten percent concentrations of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Mentha piperita (peppermint) and Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) oils were the most effective, showing 100% knockdown at 30 and 60 minutes. The KT<inf>50</inf> values for C. citratus, M. piperita and L. angustifolia were 5.14, 5.36 and 8.23 minutes, respectively. These essential oils caused 100% mortality among houseflies 24 hours after exposure. The LC<inf>50</inf> values for C. citratus, M. piperita and L. angustifolia were 2.22, 2.62 and 3.26 minutes, respectively. This study reveals lemongrass, peppermint and lavender essential oils have the potential to control housefly populations and should be further studied for field applications.
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    Efficacy of herbal essential oils as insecticide against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Anopheles Dirus (Peyton and Harrison)
    (2011-01-01)
    Phasomkusolsil, Siriporn
    ;
    Soonwera, Mayura
    The essential oils of Cananga odorata (ylang ylang), Citrus sinensis (orange), Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Cymbopogon nardus (citronella grass), Eucalyptus citriodora (eucalyptus), Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) and Syzygium aromaticum (clove), were tested for their insecticide activity against Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles dirus using the WHO standard susceptibility test. These were applied in soybean oil at dose of 1%, 5% and 10% (w/v). C. citratus had the KT<inf>50</inf> values against the three mosquito species tested but the knockdown rates (at 10, 30 and 60 minutes) were lower than some essential oils. C. citratus oil had high insecticidal activity against Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. dirus, with LC<inf>50</inf> values of <0.1, 2.22 and <0.1%, respectively. Ten percent C. citratus gave the highest mortality rates (100%) 24 hours after application. This study demonstrates the potential for the essential oil of C. citratus to be used as an insecticide against 3 species of mosquitoes.