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Enhanced Removal of Phosphorus from Aqueous Solutions by Cation-Modified Hydrochar
(2023-10-01)
Wutthipattarathorn, Kamyaporn
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Thawornchaisit, Usarat
;
Janyapoon, Suwannee
In this study, cassava stem-derived hydrochar was modified with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment, followed by loading of minerals, was used to prepare cation-modified hydrochars with enhanced phosphate removal ability. Cassava stems were converted to hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonization at 240 °C for 60 min, then it was soaked in 2 M NaOH for 3 h. The NaOH-treated hydrochars were then loaded with iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca). The cassava stems and the derived hydrochars were analyzed for carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen content, surface morphology and elemental compositions. Methylene Blue Numbers (MBN) measured surface area and porosity, and pH at the point of zero charge (pHpzc) was determined. Modification with Fe, Mg and Ca improved phosphate removal efficiency of the resulting hydrochars. Treatment of synthetic wastewater containing 50 mg P/L at pH 7 with the dosage of 2 g/L of the cation-modified hydrochars for 360 min showed that phosphate removal efficiency of these modified hydrochars were-Fe-modified 81 %, Mg-modified 66 % and Ca-modified 56 %. When the adsorbent dosage increased to 20 g/L, more than 98 % of phosphate was removed by the hydrochars modified with Fe, Ca and Mg. In the same conditions, phosphate removal efficiency was for the NaOH-treated hydrochars-89 %, hydrochar derived from cassava steam-69 % and the starting material-59 %. The phosphate removal ability of these cation-modified hydrochars increased even when initial phosphorus concentration was increased to 100 mg P/L. This work demonstrated that an abundant agricultural residue, cassava stems, can be converted into effective phosphate adsorbents.
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Classification of N, P, and K concentrations in durian (Durio zibethinus murray cv. mon thong) leaves using near-infrared spectroscopy
(2022-08-24)
Phanomsophon, Thitima
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Jaisue, Natthapon
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Tawinteung, Nukoon
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Khurnpoon, Lampan
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Sirisomboon, Panmanas
A good durian fruit should be supported by sufficient nutrient concentrations. If farmers can quickly determine the nutrient concentration in leaves, they can control fertilisation. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid non-destructive test for estimating nutrient concentration. Measuring nutrient concentrations requires chemical analysis and is a time-consuming process. The aim of this paper is a preliminary test for classifying the N, P, and K concentration levels to determine the possibility of creating models in the future to help farmers obtain information on durian tree nutrient requirements quickly. The models reported in this paper were created by PLS-DA, which had higher accuracy than SVM and the SIMCA method. Fresh durian leaf samples were used, and the spectra provided greater accuracy than the dried ground leaf sample spectra. The classification models had an accuracy of 88.89, 81.25, and 86.36% for predicting N, P, and K, respectively.
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Research and development on phosphorus and potassium biofertilizer
(2019-05-01)
Pongnak, W.
;
Soytong, K.
The research project found the potent degrading microorganism isolated from rock phosphate and potassium feldspar that effectively degraded rock phosphate and potassium feldspar to release available forms of P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> and K<inf>2</inf>O. Result showed that the non-sterilized ground rock phosphate inoculated with Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Chaetomium sp and Actinomycetes demonstrated that the most potent microorganism to dissolve ground phosphate to be available form was A. niger (available P = 164.12 ppm) and followed by Actinomycetes which available P as261 ppm., respectively when compared to the non-treated one. Penicillium sp .could help to degrade sterilized ground rock phosphate which available P was 266. 57ppm and followed by Chaetomium sp. Testing for P-solubilizing microorganism. Moreover, result showed that Actinomycetes was the most potent microorganism to dissolve potassium feldspar which gave K available form of 29.17 ppm and followed by Chaetomium sp. The sterilized potassium feldspar incubated with Actinomycetes could significantly release available potassium of 12.22ppm which higher than the non-treated control that released available potassium of 9. 72ppm. The other tested microorganism also released some amount of available P and K. The research findings were developed the potent degrading microorganism to be high phosphorous biofertilizer and high potassium biofertilizer used for organic crop production.
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Release of various elements from organic fertilizers incubated in organic and non-organic paddy soils at various time periods
(2019-01-01)
Surin, Patcharin
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Supsuan, Phasini
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Yampracha, Sukunya
Organic fertilizers often contain numerous elements beside nitrogen (N) such as phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na). In general, the application rates of organic fertilizer are based on N requirement which could result in extra amount of other elements i. e. P and Na which could negatively impact on environment. This study aimed to investigate the release of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na using a batch technique from three organic fertilizers (e. g. cow manure, compost and sunn hemp) incubated in two paddy soils at various time periods (e.g. 0, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70, 98 and 120 days). A 2×4 factorial in completely randomized experimental design with three replications was employed. A factor A was type of paddy field (an organic paddy field (SO), and non-organic paddy field (SC)) and a factor B was four different organic fertilizers application type (control, cow manure compost and sunn hemp). Soil samples were collected to analyze soil pH, electrical conductivity, available P (Bray II), exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg and extractable Na at the end of each incubation time period. Results showed that the incubation time period did not play a role on the release of P, K, Ca, Mg and Na in soils. Release of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na in SC was higher than SO. Release of P, K, and Na were highest in cow manure, while compost gave higher release of Ca and Mg. Electrical conductivity did not exceed safety levels with all treatments less than 0.50 mS/cm.
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Phosphorus removal from domestic wastewater by Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. and Cyperus alternifolius L.
(2014-05-01)
Thongtha, S.
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Teamkao, P.
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Boonapatcharoen, N.
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Tripetchkul, S.
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Techkarnjararuk, S.
Domestic wastewater is a source of phosphorus contamination that causes eutrophication when it contaminates aquatic environments. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. and Cyperus alternifolius L. were applied for phosphorus removal from domestic wastewater. From the study, phosphorus in domestic wastewater was removed from the initial concentration of 1.038±0.001mgL<sup>-1</sup> to 0.094±0.001 and 0.048±0.004mgL<sup>-1</sup> by N.nucifera and C.alternifolius, respectively, within 5 days. In addition, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) also decreased when wetland systems were applied the same as treatment with conventional method (chemical+activated sludge process). However, the plant removed TDS better than the conventional method. During 5 cycles of exposure, the two plants still survived and were healthy. The weight of plants increased after the experiment from 4060±0.05g to 4820±0.17g of N.nucifera, and from 4000±0.00g to 4600±0.14g of C.alternifolius. Phosphorus content also increased in both plants after the experiment. However, in the wetland system, phosphorus was removed mainly by the soil, followed by the plants, and then microorganisms. The domain group in the microbial community of both wetland systems was Pseudomas sp. •Domestic wastewater treatment by Nelumbo nucifera and Cyperus alternifolius is possible. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

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