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Evaluation of quality characteristics, antioxidant activity, functional groups of sweet potato by-products and their usage in sandwich bread processing
(2026-04-01)
Dung, Nguyen Chi
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Thuy, Nguyen Minh
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Giau, Tran Ngoc
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Van Hao, Hong
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Van Thanh, Nguyen
A substantial quantity of waste is generated during sweet potato processing, posing environmental and economic challenges. This study aimed to valorize sweet potato by-products (SPB) by drying and milling them into powder and incorporating the material into sandwich bread formulations as a partial replacement for wheat flour at levels of 10–25% (corresponding to formulas B1 to B4) along with control sample B0. The physicochemical, structural, and functional properties of SPB powder were evaluated to determine its suitability as a functional ingredient. The results indicated that SPB powder possesses high nutritional value, with considerable amounts of dietary fiber, bioactive compounds, and strong antioxidant activity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed predominantly oval and polygonal particles with relatively smooth surfaces and intact structures. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed a polysaccharide-rich lignocellulosic composition, including starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, and phenolic compounds. Among the tested formulations, bread containing 15% SPB (B2) was identified as optimal, as it maintained desirable moisture content, loaf volume, and color characteristics while significantly enhancing nutritional quality. Compared with the control, the B2 formulation showed substantial increases in dietary fiber and total polyphenols. These findings highlight the potential of SPB powder as a sustainable, high-fiber functional ingredient for bakery product fortification.
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Microbiota differences of giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) – A prototype vertical farming and traditional pond cultured system and their impact on autolysis rate and textural characteristics
(2024-07-15)
Saengsuk, Nachomkamon
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Boonanuntanasarn, Surintorn
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Boonchuen, Pakpoom
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Phonsiri, Khanakorn
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Kingwascharapong, Passakorn
Microbial profiles, autolysis rates, and textural characteristics of giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) cultured in a vertical farming with a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) were compared to those of prawns cultured in a traditional pond system (Pond). Bioinformatics analysis revealed significant differences in the quantity and diversity of microbial communities between RAS and Pond. Firmicutes were the dominant phylum found in both samples but at higher levels in Pond (P < 0.05). Conversely, Tenericutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, known as healthy microbiomes, were more abundant in RAS (P < 0.05). At the genus level, Enterococcus, recognized for its potential to improve colonization resistance against pathogens in the gut, was detected at higher levels in RAS (P < 0.005). This variation in microbiota might affect the difference in autolysis rates and textural properties between these two samples. RAS had a lower autolysis rate at all temperatures (4, 15, 25, and 35 °C) (P ˂ 0.05), consistent with the lower TCA-soluble peptide (157.61 μmol tyrosine equivalent/g sample). The differences in textural characteristics of these two prawns were observed. RAS had more water holding capacity (WHC) (80.07%) but lower drip loss (15.75%) and cooking loss (28.36%) than Pond (73.77, 17.84, and 31.20%, respectively) (P ˂ 0.05). From TPA results, RAS showed higher chewiness and gumminess than Pond, indicating a firmer texture, which is a desirable characteristic, particularly in fresh prawn. Overall, the findings indicated an improvement in microbial profiles, which further translated into economic benefits in terms of yield production and muscle quality, particularly texture, of prawn cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system as an alternative approach.
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Process Development of Mozzarella Farm Cheese from Buffalo Milk
(2023-01-01)
Pandolsook, Sawanya
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Tungjaroenchai, Wanna
The objective of this research was to improve and develop the process of mozzarella cheese manufacturing from buffalo whole milk. Qualities of buffalo raw milk and manufacturing conditions were studied and included curd cutting time (0-75 min), cooking temperature (43, 45 or 47°C) and pre-stretched curd pH (5.1 and 4.9). The qualities of buffalo farm milk met the buffalo milk standards (TAS 6007-2021). A 10 kg pasteurized milk was inoculated with lactic acid bacteria at 40ºC and 0.1 g rennet was added after achieving 0.1 pH decrease in milk. Inoculation starter culture and rennet enzyme caused the pH to drop and milk coagulum to occur. The pH of cultured milk decreased with increasing hardness of milk curd after renneting. At 60 min after renneting the milk curd was suitable for cutting. Low cooking temperature (43°C) prevented cheese curds to coalesce. On the other hand, cooking the cheese curds at a higher temperature (47°C) promoted hardening of the cheese curds. While cooking temperature at 45°C the cheese curds were soft, agglomerated with good stretchability. Chemical compositions of cheese from pre-stretched curd pH 5.1 or 4.9 was similar. Textural quality in terms of hardness and chewiness of pre-stretched curd pH 5.1 were better than that of pH 4.9. The pre-stretched curd pH 5.1 had a better stretchability quality compared to pH 4.9. Recommended manufacturing conditions for mozzarella farm cheese were 60-min curd cutting time, 45°C cooking temperature and pre-stretched curd pH 5.1, respectively.
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Replacing a part of wheat flour with starchy food containing high levels of resistant starch in noodles processing
(2022-06-01)
Vuong, K. M.
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Tram, N. B.
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Tuyen, L. N.
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Vy, L. T.T.
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Tai, N. V.
Resistant starch has been shown to be associated with many health benefits. The study was conducted to analyze amylose and resistant starch content in selected starchy materials (black beans, red beans, green Xiem bananas, and potatoes) and investigate the influence of their flour/starch mixing ratio on the quality of noodles. The microstructure of noodles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that potato starch had the highest resistant starch content (56.70%), followed by green Xiem banana flour (41.55%), black bean flour (16.51%), and red bean flour (15.55%). The raw materials with higher resistant starch also had higher amylose content. Amylose content, resistant starch content, and hardness of noodles increased when partly replacing wheat flour with the high level of RS flours/starches in the formulation. The data rank some tests revealed that formula A3 (replacing 50% of wheat flour with other starchy food containing high levels of resistant starch) was chosen due to the product containing relatively high RS content (14.78%), well structured and well accepted by panellists. The texture of the cooked noodles was assessed to be similar to that of the control sample (100% wheat flour). This study proved that it is possible to elaborate noodles to replace a part of wheat flour with starchy food containing high levels of the well-accepted formulation.
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Efficient comparison of calcium chloride and calcium gluconate immersions on quality maintenance and bioactive compounds of ready-to-cook baby corns
(2021-07-01)
Supapvanich, Suriyan
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Promyou, Surassawadee
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Techavuthiporn, Chairat
The efficiency of calcium chloride (CaCl2) or calcium gluconate (Ca-Glu) immersion on physicochemical quality and bioactive compounds of ready-to-cook baby corns during cold storage at 4 ± 1ºC for 7 d was investigated. Baby corns were immersed in 1% (w/v) CaCl2, 1% (w/v) Ca-Glu or distilled water (control) for 1 min. The biological parameters such as superficial colour attributes, weight loss, texture, pectin fractions, antioxidant activities and bioactive compounds of baby corns were determined. Both calcium immersions did not affect superficial the colour attributes of the baby corn compared to the control sample during storage. Baby corn texture was maintained by calcium immersions, with CaCl2 evidently better maintaining texture compared to Ca-Glu. The texture maintenance by calcium immersions was associated with the retardation of increased EDTA-soluble pectin content and decreased Na2CO3-soluble pectin content. Ca-Glu immersion exhibited the enhancement of antioxidant activity and the concentrations of total phenols and ascorbic acid as well as the retention of free radical scavenging activity and flavonoid content during storage. In conclusion, 1% Ca-Glu immersion is a feasible alternative for maintaining texture and enhanced nutritional value of ready-to-cook baby corns during storage.
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Ultraviolet-C irradiation maintaining texture and total sugars content of ready to cook baby corn during commercial storage
(2021-01-01)
Ngu Lwin, Nan Theint
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Supapvanich, Suriyan
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Promyou, Surassawadee
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation on the changes in total sugars concentration and texture of ready to cook baby corn during cold storage. The baby corns were irradiated with UV-C at the dose of 0 (control), 2.2, 4.4 and 6.6 kJ m−2 and then stored at 5 ± 1 °C for 7 days. The results showed that the losses of total sugars were delayed by UV-C irradiation treatments. All the UV-C treatments significantly maintained the firmness of the treated baby corn samples and prevented the increase in electrolyte leakage, especially at 4.4 kJ m−2. Compared to control sample, the 4.4 kJ m−2 UV-C irradiated baby corn retarded the depolymerisation of pectin substances by suppressing the polygalacturonase and pectin methyl esterase activities. Therefore, the dose of 4.4 kJ m−2 could be a feasible alternative UV-C treatment maintaining texture and the total sugar concentration of ready to cook baby corn during commercial storage.
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Physicochemical quality improvement of ready cook baby corns using calcium propionate immersion
(2020-07-01)
Promyou, S.
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Chimsonthorn, V.
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Kijka, C.
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Supapvanich, S.
The effect of calcium propionate (Ca-propionate) on physicochemical quality changes of ready cook baby corn (Zea mays L.) during storage was investigated. It was found that Ca-propionate treatment retarded the loss of texture which was concomitant with the lower EDTA-soluble pectin and higher Na<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> soluble pectin concentrations compared to untreated baby corns. Ca-propionate treatment did not obviously affect total sugars content, antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging activity compared to untreated samples. However, Ca-propionate treatment induced bioactive compounds such as total phenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid contents of ready cook baby corns during storage. Therefore, Ca-propionate immersion is an alternative improving quality especially texture and nutritional values of ready cook baby corns during cold storage.
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Effects of germination time and drying temperature on drying characteristics and quality of germinated paddy
(2015-04-01)
Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
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Prachayawarakorn, Somkiat
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Tungtrakul, Patcharee
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Soponronnarit, Somchart
Germination time and drying temperature are very important parameters affecting the quality of the germinated paddy (GP) since the microstructure of starch granules is modified during germination. The experimental results showed that the germination time increasing from 60 to 68 h provided more loosely-packed starch granules, lower hardness of cooked GP, higher γ-aminobutyric acid content (GABA) and larger number of fissured GP after drying. However, the modified microstructure did not cause a difference between drying curves at each germination time. Prediction results of the moisture content from the two-layer model were in good agreement with the experimental results and also showed that the effective moisture diffusion coefficient values of husk were significantly lower than those of germinated brown rice. Drying at a higher drying temperature could reduce the number of fissured GP more significantly. The hardness of cooked GP samples and their GABA contents obtained from drying temperatures changed insignificantly from that of the shade-dried GP. The sensory analysis results revealed that the texture of GP was better than that of the rice without germination and the longer germination time provided the adverse effect on the fermentation odour and texture.
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A novel image-analysis based approach to evaluate some physicochemical and cooking properties of rice kernels
(2014-01-01)
Jinorose, Maturada
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Prachayawarakorn, Somkiat
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Soponronnarit, Somchart
Prior to being edible, paddy needs to undergo several processing steps, which inevitably affect the kernel quality, both in terms of the physical, physicochemical and cooking characteristics. Unfortunately, many of the kernel quality parameters are time-consuming and not straightforward to evaluate, rendering the control of the paddy processing quite ineffective. An alternative means, which allows rapid determination of various properties of the kernels are therefore desirable. This study represents the first attempt to correlate image-analysis based apparent characteristics of rice kernels to physicochemical as well as cooking properties of the kernels for effective monitoring of rice processing and cooking processes. Parboiled rice production process was selected as a test process. Image-analysis based results, in terms of the changes of the kernel dimensions (i.e.; elongation ratio, width ratio, and swelling) and translucency as well as the fractal dimension of the kernel images, were noted to adequately correlate with the tested physicochemical (i.e.; amylose content, water uptake, degree of parboiling, which is closely related to the degree of starch gelatinization) as well as cooking (i.e.; texture and cooked level of rice kernels) properties of the rice kernels of two varieties of Thai rice. This represents an attractive evaluation technique that can be adopted by an industry for various properties measurement and quality control. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Cell wall hydrolysis in netted melon fruit (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus L. Naud) during storage
(2013-01-01)
Supapvanich, Suriyan
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Tucker, Gregory A.
The object was to investigate the change of texture, cell wall hydrolases and cell wall components in muskmelon fruit (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus) during storage. The fruit were stored at 25±3°C for 8 days. Ethylene production, texture and cell wall hydrolases, namely pectinmethylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG), β-galactosidase (β-Gal), and galactanase, and cell wall components such as, uronic acid and non-cellulosic neutral sugars content were determined. The typical ethylene production as a climacteric fruit was shown. The firmness decreased significantly throughout storage (p ≤ 0.05). A decrease in PME activity was detected throughout storage. PG and β-Gal activities increased during storage. A marked increase in galactanase activity was detected during storage (P≤ 0.05). A single isoform of β-Gal (isoform I) was found in unripe fruit (day 0), whilst two isoforms (isoform I and II) were present in ripe fruit (day 8). High galactanase activity was associated with β-Gal isoform II; whereas galactanase activity associated with isoform I was low and similar in both the unripe and ripe fruit. Uronic acid in CDTA-soluble fraction increased significantly whilst those of Na<inf>2</inf> CO<inf>3</inf>-soluble fraction decreased significantly during storage (P ≤ 0.05). A high proportion of galactose was detected in all fractions and it declined during storage. These indicate that the loss of muskmelon texture is associated with the modification of pectin polymers and galactanase activity might be a key cell wall hydrolase in the fruit softening.

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