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    Short-term Anoxic Treatment of Litchi Fruit (Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. Hong Huey) Delays Pericarp Browning and Maintains Physicochemical Quality During Storage
    (2023-01-01) ;
    Jarerat, Amnat
    ;
    Nimitkeatkai, Hataitip
    The effect of short-term anoxic treatment prior to storage at ambient and cool temperatures on pericarp browning, fruit quality, secondary metabolites, antioxidant activity, and the browning enzyme of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Hong Huey were investigated. Litchi fruit were exposed to anoxic conditions for 6, 12, 18 and 24 h before storage at 28 ± 2°C for 5 days, or at 7 ± 2°C for 14 days. Anoxic treatment resulted in significantly decreases in electrical conductivity, weight loss, browning index, while maintaining the total soluble solids (TSS) and delaying increases in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities compared with control fruit. Furthermore, anoxic treatment increased litchi pericarp methanol extract antioxidant capacity, as measured by free-radical scavenging activity. This is associated with greater amounts of ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, and phenolic/flavonoid components as compared with control fruit. Additionally, anoxic treatment considerably delayed litchi fruit pericarp browning. This suggests that with adequate short-term anoxia duration, an enhanced non-enzymatic antioxidant process may directly or indirectly delay litchi pericarp browning. Thus, a short anoxic treatment enables harvested litchi quality to be sustained at ambient and cool temperatures. This non-chemical and inexpensive treatment deserves further development and application, especially in commercial distribution systems where cooling is insufficient.
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    Efficacy of methyl jasmonate-liposomes on 'Kluai Khai' bananas (Musa AA) quality preservation and oxidative response alleviation during room temperature storage
    (2025-02-01)
    Da, Li
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    ;
    Suo, Xiaoyu
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    Sinthusamran, Sirima
    ;
    Phakawan, Janejira
    The rapid acceleration of ripening during ambient storage is a primary factor limiting the shelf-life of bananas. Application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been used to enhance the postharvest quality of perishable commodities. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of MeJA (10<sup>−3</sup> M) encapsulated in liposomes (MeJA-liposomes) on the postharvest quality of ‘Kluai Khai’ bananas (Musa AA) during storage at room temperature (26 ± 2 °C) for 9 d The MeJA-liposomes exhibited an average particle size of 152.37 ± 1.63 nm with a PDI of 0.21 and a zeta potential value of -33.9 ± 1.02 mV. The MeJA-liposomes treatment exhibited a greater delay in fruit ripening and peel colour development compared to the MeJA (10<sup>−3</sup> M), blank-liposomes, and control treatments, respectively. MeJA-liposomes reduced the oxidative stress of the peel by decreasing electrolyte leakage, lipoxygenase activity, and the levels of malondialdehyde, α-fanesene, conjugated triene (CT-281) and H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> in the fruit peel. As the ripening process in untreated bananas progressed, they exhibited greater antioxidant activities, namely in terms of ferric reduction antioxidant capacity and DPPH radical scavenging activity in the peel, compared to the MeJA-liposome-treated bananas. The application of MeJA-liposomes treatment resulted in a postponement in the process of softening and an increase in the levels of total soluble solids content, and BrimA in the banana pulp throughout the storage period. In conclusion, the application of MeJA-liposomes presents a promising method for postponing the ripening process, alleviating the oxidative response in the peel and prolonging the shelf-life of ‘Kluai Khai’ bananas (Musa AA) at room temperature.
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    Postharvest UV-C Treatment Affects Bioactive Compounds and Maintains Quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) during Storage
    (2024-01-01) ;
    Jarerat, Amnat
    ;
    Singhkai, Chonlada
    ;
    Nimitkeatkai, Hataitip
    The effects of UV-C treatment on physicochemical quality, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) during storage were investigated. Okra pods were exposed to UV-C irradiation dose at 1.5, 3.0 or 6.0 kJ·m<sup>−2</sup> before storage at 10 ± 2°C for 12 days. The results showed that UV-C treatment had a significant effect on okra bioactive compounds, such as ascorbic acid, total phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. The highest values of these compounds were observed in okra treated with 6.0 kJ·m<sup>−2</sup> UV-C irradiation. A statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that mucilage had a favorable association with antioxidant capabilities and bioactive substances in response to UV-C treatment. Moreover, UV-C treatment also effectively maintained the quality of okra during storage, as evidenced by lower weight loss and higher firmness without incidence of decay. Therefore, postharvest UV-C treatment can be a potential approach to enhance bioactive compounds and maintain the quality of okra during storage.
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    Pre-storage anoxia treatment induces physicochemical characteristics of ‘Sucrier’ bananas (Musa AA group) in response to postharvest cold storage and subsequent ambient temperature
    (2025-01-01)
    Sittiprasert, Wasetthee
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    ;
    Sinthusamran, Sirima
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    Nimitkeatkai, Hataitip
    ;
    The rapid ripening and senescence are the main problems of ‘Surcrier’ bananas during marketing. This study examined the impact of a short-term anoxia treatment on the physicochemical characteristics of ‘Sucrier’ bananas during refrigeration (15 °C), followed by exposure to 25 °C for 2 days. The anoxia treatment delayed the increases in the weight loss, and pulp-to-peel ratio as well as the pulp softening during refrigeration and after shifting to 25 °C compared to the untreated bananas. Moreover, at the end of refrigeration, the yellow color value (YCV) was 0.149 for control and 0.122 for anoxia-treated fruits. Meanwhile, on day 21+2, the YCV values increased to 0.246 for control and 0.275 for anoxia-treated fruits. Electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide levels were found to be reduced by the increased capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging in the peel. This suggests that anoxia treatment may be able to mitigate physiological damage and senescent spotting in ‘Sucrier’ bananas during cold storage and subsequent ambient temperature. The total soluble solids (TSS) content in control fruit increased from 5.25 % to 22.00 % after storage, while anoxia-treated fruit exhibited an increase in TSS content to 18.67 %, resulting in a delay in fruit ripening. In addition, the investigation revealed that the treatment of anoxia improved the antioxidant capacity of banana pulp by augmenting the total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging in the pulp. According to the results of this study, it is most beneficial to employ anoxic treatment prior to storage in terms of both fruit ripening and quality considerations.
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    Preprocess Sonication Maintains Quality and Inhibits Browning of Fresh-cut Fruit Using Apples as the Fruit Model
    (2024-10-02)
    Thuamsuk, Pathitta
    ;
    Sinthusamran, Sirima
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    ;
    Ultrasonic (US) waves (sound waves) have been used to preserve and improve the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. The goal of this study was to determine whether pre-process US treatment was useful in reducing browning and retaining certain aspects of fresh-cut ‘Gala’ apples’ quality. The apples were sonicated at a frequency of 120 kHz for 0, 5, 10 and 15 min before processing and then the processed apples were stored at 4±1°C. The US treatment at 5 min significantly delayed the loss of lightness, and increases in colour difference and browning index, and maintained whiteness compared to other treatments. The US treatment at 5 min controlled enzymatic browning reaction, probably due to inhibition of polyphenol oxidase activity. US treatments could delay the loss of hardness compared to the control treatment but had no influence on the total soluble solids content. Interestingly, US treatments induced antioxidant activity in fresh-cut apples during storage. In summary, the 5 min sonication could prevent browning and enhance the quality of fresh-cut apples during storage.
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    Physicochemical quality maintenance and bioactive compounds enhancement of Thai guava fruit cv. 'Kim Ju' by using combinative hot water and methyl jasmonate immersion
    (2019-01-01) ;
    Kernprie, Yuranan
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    Boonyaritthongchai, Panida
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    Tepsorn, Racha
    Postharvest life of Thai guava fruits is limited due to skin damage and physicochemical changes during cold storage. Both methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and heat treatments are potential approaches maintaining postharvest quality of fruits. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the effects of hot water and MeJA immersion on physicochemical quality of 'Kim Ju' guava fruit during storage at 12 ± 1 °C for 18 d. The fruit were immersed in hot water at 40 °C for 30 min (H), 0.1 mM MeJA for 10 min (0.1 mM MeJA) or H followed by 0.1 mM MeJA (H + 0.1 mM MeJA) and untreated fruit were used as control. The determined parameters were visual appearance, colour, texture, pectin substances, antioxidant activities, bioactive compounds and antioxidant enzymes activities. The results showed that H + 0.1 mM MeJA treatment maintained visual appearance and colour as compared to 0.1 mM MeJA, H or control treatment, consequently. The treatment of H + 0.1 mM MeJA retarded softening according to the inhibition of soluble pectin increase and insoluble pectin decrease. The treatment enhanced the both antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities as compared to control. These were accompanied with the increments of bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid, total phenols, flavonoids and peroxidase activity and the retardation of catalase activity decrease. In conclusion, the H + 0.1 mM MeJA treatment could maintain postharvest qualities involving visual appearance and texture and enhanced nutritional value of guava fruit during cold storage.
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    Effect of silver particle-longkong peel extract coating on postharvest decay and browning in longkong fruit
    (2020-01-01)
    Lichanporn, Intira
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    Wongs-Aree, Chalermchai
    We aimed to assess the effect of longkong peel extract (LPE)-silver particle-alginate coating on the postharvest decay and browning of longkong fruit during storage at 13°C and 90–95% relative humidity (RH). Longkong was coated with 0, 0.45 or 0.90 mg·L−1 LPE in silver particle-alginate solution and then stored at 13°C and 90–95% RH for nine days. In the mixture consisting of the longkong peel extract and silver solution, the silver particle size was modified to yield fine particles. Electron micrography showed the presence of silver particle sizes ranging in size from approximately 71–625 nm. Fruit coated without LPE exhibited severe browning, weight loss and decay incidence during storage. Coating with 0.45 and 0.90 mg·L−1 LPE significantly inhibited the increase in fruit browning by mainly reducing peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities. LPE coating effectively reduced the longkong weight loss and decay incidence. No fruit treatment showed a significant titratable acidity change or increased soluble solids at the end of storage. These results indicate that coating with LPE is a promising approach to inhibit decay and browning and to maintain the quality of longkong during low-temperature storage.
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    Preharvest Salicylic Acid Incorporated with Calcium Chloride Spray Improves the Postharvest Quality of Thai Dwarf Mulberries (Morus alba)
    (2026-01-01) ;
    Sangchan, Pra Kaiykarn
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    Phakawan, Janejira
    ;
    Ahuja, Anjana Junpatiw
    ;
    The current research evaluated the impacts of preharvest salicylic acid (SA), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and SA incorporated with CaCl2 (SA+CaCl2) sprays on the quality of mulberries. In the preliminary experiment, the mulberries were sprayed with SA (0, 1, and 2 mM) or CaCl2 (0, 0.5, and 1%) before harvest for 5 d. The results indicated that the preharvest application of 1 mM SA or 0.5% CaCl2 resulted in the deceleration of the BrimA (a ripening index) increase and hindered fruit softening during storage at 5 °C for 6 d. In the major experiment, the effects of preharvest sprays of 1 mM SA, 0.5% CaCl2, and SA+CaCl2 for 5 d prior to harvest were investigated. All preharvest treatments delayed fruit darkening and acidity reduction compared to the untreated fruits and did not affect redness. The SA+CaCl2 spray delayed fruit darkening and enhanced firmness compared to the individual sprays. The total soluble solids content and BrimA value of treated mulberries were lower than those of untreated fruits. All treatments improved the antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds compared to the untreated fruits. The ferric-reducing antioxidant potential, DPPH radical scavenging activity, total anthocyanin, and total phenol content were all higher with the SA+CaCl2 preharvest spray than with the SA or CaCl2 spray alone. Thus, the preharvest SA+CaCl2 spray is a promising approach for improving Thai dwarf mulberry postharvest quality.
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    Efficacy of Preharvest Calcium Chloride and Calcium Gluconate Treatments on the Postharvest Quality Maintenance of Marian Plums During Shelf Life
    (2026-01-01)
    Li, Da
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    Sunthusamran, Sirima
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    ;
    Bo, Wen
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    Marian plum is a commercial fruit that deteriorates rapidly during storage. The effects of preharvest treatment with calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and calcium gluconate (CaGlu) at two concentrations (1 and 2%) on maintaining the postharvest quality of marian plum during shelf life at 26±2ºC were investigated. The fruits were sprayed with both calcium salts 2 days prior to harvest. The outcomes show that both the CaCl2 and CaGlu treatments preserved fruit visual appearance and postponed color development during shelf life. No fruit rot incidence appeared on the 2% CaCl2 and 2% CaGlu treated fruits during storage for 8 days. All calcium treatments retarded the increase in weight loss compared to the untreated fruits. The fruit firmness was maintained by the calcium treatments, and 2% CaGlu treatments improved the firmness greater than other treatments. Moreover, the increases in malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble solids (TSS) and BrimA, as well as the decreased total acidity (TA) were lowered by the calcium treatments. The total phenols and antioxidant capacities, including ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, were enhanced by the calcium treatments. In correlation analysis, the firmness showed significantly negative correlation with MDA and parameters related to ripening. Moreover, the MDA had significant negative correlation with DPPH radical scavenging activity. The softening of the marian plum was closely related to membrane degradation. Both preharvest CaGlu and CaCl2 treatments at 2% are feasible approaches to preserve the postharvest quality of marian plums during shelf life at room temperature.
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    Efficacy of Sweet Basil Oil-chitosomes in Disease Suppression and Antioxidant (Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic) Responses in ‘Nam Dok Mai No. 4’ Mangoes during Shelf Life
    (2026-01-01) ;
    Suo, Xiaoyu
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    Wannasawad, Kittikoon
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    Thaisamak, Phirunrat
    ;
    This study investigated the effects of chitosomes, sweet basil oil, and sweet basil oil-chitosomes on oxidative stress and disease resistance in ‘Nam Dok Mai No. 4’ mangoes stored at room temperature (27 ± 2°C) for 8 days. Untreated fruits developed disease rapidly, with incidence reaching 100% by day 6, while all treatments delayed symptom development. Notably, sweet basil oil-chitosomes completely suppressed disease throughout storage. Hydrogen peroxide (H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>) levels increased sharply in control and chitosome-treated fruits, while sweet basil oil and its encapsulated form significantly reduced H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> accumulation, with the encapsulated treatment maintaining the lowest levels in both peel and pulp. Both treatments slowed a decline in total phenolic content and ascorbic acid, with sweet basil oil-chitosomes offering the most effective preservation. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) were lowest in controls, moderately increased by chitosomes, and strongly enhanced by sweet basil oil. The encapsulated treatment showed the highest enzyme activities, with 4.02- and 8.02-fold increases in peel, and 10.8- and 4.96-fold increases in pulp. Pearson’s correlation indicated that sweet basil oil-chitosomes most effectively stabilized the antioxidant network and minimized oxidative stress, followed by chitosomes and free basil oil, while the control exhibited the weakest defense, consistent with its higher anthracnose susceptibility. Principal component analysis further confirmed that sweet basil oil-chitosomes offered the greatest protection by sustaining both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. These results demonstrate that sweet basil oil-chitosomes, as an innovative nanocarrier delivery system, offer a promising natural strategy for enhanced postharvest disease management and quality preservation in mangoes.