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    Comparative Evaluation of Culture Media and pH Conditions for Xylanase Production in Aspergillus niger
    (2025-09-01)
    Pakaweerachat, Pattarabhorn
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    Xylanase plays a crucial role in the degradation of hemicellulose and holds significant promise across a variety of biotechnological industries. This study investigates the effects of culture medium composition and initial pH on xylanase production by Aspergillus niger. Five different media; Mandels’, Vogel’s, Marciel’s, Okafor’s, and a modified Czapek-Dox, were evaluated for their ability to support enzyme synthesis. Additionally, initial pH levels ranging from 4.0 to 8.0 were tested to identify optimal production conditions. Among the tested media, Mandels’ medium supported the highest xylanase activity, while the optimal pH range for enzyme production was between 6.0 and 7.0. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing large-scale xylanase production using A. niger, contributing to the development of more efficient and cost-effective bioprocesses. Notably, this study incorporates biomass-specific productivity metrics (IU/g biomass), allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the strain’s enzymatic efficiency. This quantitative approach may help inform future efforts to develop cost-effective and scalable bioprocesses, particularly when applied to low-cost agro-industrial substrates.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Isolation, screening wood rot fungi from the tropical forest of Thailand and their lignocellulolytic enzyme production under solid-state fermentation using agricultural waste as substrate
    (2025-01-01)
    Luong, Thi Thu Huong
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    Silar, Philippe
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    The present study aimed to discover good lignocellulolytic enzyme (LCE) producers from Thailand’s tropical forest and then examine their multiple LCE production (including carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), xylanase, and laccase) using agricultural wastes as substrate. The total collection was 50 fungi, mainly from the Polyporales, Agaricales, and Xylariales orders. During primary screening by qualitative method and secondary screening by quantitative method, two potential fungi were proposed for multiple LCE production, including Auricularia auricula-judae 088 and Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola TDW-48. Under solid-state fermentation (SSF) using agricultural wastes as substrates, P. acaciicola TDW-48 performed as a good producer that highly secreted simultaneous CMCase, xylanase, and laccase. In the next stage, the simplex lattice mixture design assessed the interaction of agricultural waste substrates and their effects on P. acaciicola TDW-48’s enzyme production. The results indicated that agricultural waste has different influences on CMCase, xylanase, and laccase production: orange peel showed a positive effect on both CMCase and xylanase activity, but a negative effect on laccase. In contrast, wheat bran positively influenced laccase, while it limited CMCase and xylanase. However, the combination of these substrates in the mixture showed synergic effects and improved enzyme activity. Through numerical optimization, a ternary mixture of wheat bran (1.27 g), orange peel (1.53 g), and rice husk (0.2 g) was identified as the most appropriate formulation for simultaneous multiple LCE production, reaching 20.96 U/g substrate for CMCase, 23.94 U/g substrate for xylanase, and 27.55 U/g substrate for laccase. These results provided a promising candidate for LCE production with high applicability in lignocellulose bioconversion and successfully demonstrated the relationship between the agricultural waste substrate and multiple LCE production that supported the enzyme production following the environmentally friendly and economical approach.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Application of baby corn husk as a biological sustainable feedstock for the production of cellulase and xylanase by Lentinus squarrosulus Mont.
    (2023-02-01)
    Vichitraka, Asanee
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    Tantratian, Sumate
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    In an effort to use baby corn husk (BCH) as a sustainable feedstock for cellulase and xylanase production by the Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. isolate LS-YA (LSM-LS-YA), a suitable pretreatment method and fermentation strategies were developed. BCH pretreated with 1 M sodium hydroxide for 90 min, an alkaline pretreatment, exemplified an appropriate pretreatment method. In a 10-L external Venturi injector bioreactor, the highest cellulase and xylanase production was 4.12 ± 0.36 unit/mL and 6.15 ± 0.36 unit/mL, respectively, when 1 g/L diammonium hydrogen phosphate was used as the nitrogen source and the aeration rate was controlled at 0.2 vvm. This study provides an informative perspective on the production of cellulase and xylanase from agricultural lignocellulosic materials, which could reduce agricultural waste while supporting a zero-waste circular economy, and this fermentation process would be applicable to larger-scale production.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Identification and characterization of a cellulase-encoding gene from the buffalo rumen metagenomic library
    (2012-06-29)
    Nguyen, Nhung Hong
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    Maruset, Lalita
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    Uengwetwanit, Tanaporn
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    Mhuantong, Wuttichai
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    Harnpicharnchai, Piyanun
    Microorganisms residing in the rumens of cattle represent a rich source of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, since their diet consists of plant-based materials that are high in cellulose and hemicellulose. In this study, a metagenomic library was constructed from buffalo rumen contents using pCC1FOS fosmid vector. Ninety-three clones from the pooled library of approximately 10,000 clones showed degrading activity against AZCL-HE-Cellulose, whereas four other clones showed activity against AZCL-Xylan. Contig analysis of pyrosequencing data derived from the selected strongly positive clones revealed 15 ORFs that were closely related to lignocellulose-degrading enzymes belonging to several glycosyl hydrolase families. Glycosyl hydrolase family 5 (GHF5) was the most abundant glycosyl hydrolase found, and a majority of the GHF5s in our metagenomes were closely related to several ruminal bacteria, especially ones from other buffalo rumen metagenomes. Characterization of BT-01, a selected clone with highest cellulase activity from the primary plate screening assay, revealed a cellulase encoding gene with optimal working conditions at pH 5.5 at 50 °C. Along with its stability over acidic pH, the capability efficiently to hydrolyze cellulose in feed for broiler chickens, as exhibited in an in vitro digestibility test, suggests that BT-01 has potential application as a feed supplement.