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    Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Food Waste with Sewage Sludge: Simulation and Optimization for Maximum Biogas Production
    (2022-04-01)
    Cheong, Wai Lin
    ;
    Chan, Yi Jing
    ;
    Tiong, Timm Joyce
    ;
    Chong, Woon Chan
    ;
    Kiatkittipong, Worapon
    Anaerobic co-digestion (ACD), where two or more substrates are digested simultaneously, is able to prevent the problems associated with mono-digestion. The aim of this study is to develop a simulation model of ACD of food waste (FW) with sewage sludge (SS) for biogas production coupled with pre-treatment, sludge handling and biogas upgrading using SuperPro Designer v9.0. The Design Expert v13 is employed to perform optimization and evaluate the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge recycle ratio, water to feed ratio (kg/kg) and SS to FW ratio (kg/kg) on the methane flow, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile solids (VS). The results show that the methane yield of 0.29 L CH4/g COD removed, COD removal efficiency of 81.5% and VS removal efficiency of 69.2% are obtained with a HRT of 38.8 days, water to feed ratio (kg/kg) of 0.048, sludge recycle ratio of 0.438 and SS to FW ratio (kg/kg) of 0.044. Economic analysis has shown this study is feasible with a payback time of 6.2 years, net present value (NPV) of $5,283,000 and internal return rate (IRR) of 10.2%. This indicates that the ACD of FW and SS is economically feasible in a larger scale.
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    Production Potential Assessment of Biogas from Napier Grass Using Geographic Information
    (2022-01-01)
    Khotmanee, Saran
    ;
    Pinsopon, Unnat
    Thailand 2015 Alternative Energy Development Plan declared that 1,280 MW of electricity, 1,283 ktoe equivalent of heat production, and 4,800 ton/day transport biofuel would be sourced from biogas by the year 2036. To understand the current situation, Thailand biogas production potential from Napier grass by region was investigated. Napier grass was assumed to be cultivated only on the unused land. Geographic information of land use and soil type was overlayed on the country map to identify suitable Napier grass cultivation areas. Annual accumulated precipitation of each province was also taken into account to calculate the Napier grass crop yield. The study shows that Napier grass could be cultivated in all parts of Thailand. At present the Napier grass crop yield and biogas production potentials are found to be 189,237,760 ton/year and 11,354 million m3/year, respectively.
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    A Study on Biogas Production Potential in Thailand 2019
    (2021-04-01)
    Khotmanee, Saran
    ;
    Pinsopon, Unnat
    Thailand 2015 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP2015) stated that renewable energy should take part in the gross energy consumption for 30% by the year 2036. The plan also targeted compressed biogas to replace refined petroleum for a daily use 4,800 tons, as well as the biogas produced from waste to be the source for a 600 MW electricity power generation. To understand how close the biogas production status is up to the plan, the biogas production potential in Thailand 2019 was investigated, and is presented in this paper. The biogas production potential was considered from 3 sectors: industrial plants, livestock, and agricultural plants. The industrial plants with high organic content of waste were considered in the study. They are ethanol, starch, palm oil, rubber, food and alcoholic beverage plants. Livestock investigated in this study are cattle, buffaloes, pigs and chickens. Top 6 most cultivated agricultural plants were considered: rice, corn, sugarcane, cassava, palm and pineapple. Only business units with significant production potential yields were included in the potential study. The biogas productivity status in the year 2019 was also surveyed. The biogas production potential in Thailand 2019 was estimated to be 22,827 million m3, higher than the planned demand of 8,124 million m3 in the year 2036 due to the AEDP2015 plan. However, the productivity status was found to be 816 million m3, only 10% of the planned value in the year 2036. Continual supports from the government are needed in order that the biogas productivity could meet the targeted demand in the year 2036.
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    Applications of Ozone for Recycling of Wastewater from Biogas Production for Electricity Generation
    (2018-08-21)
    Tantirungruang, W.
    ;
    Chancharoensook, P.
    ;
    Yutthagowith, P.
    This paper presents applications of ozone to recycle the wastewater from the biogas production process for electricity generation. The ozone could be generated by using electric field between polarized electrodes. In comparative experiments, three tanks were used for biogas fermentation using anaerobic microorganisms. We designed three different experimental settings as follows: 1) The one using only fresh wastewater from ethanol production process. 2) The one using recycled wastewater with ozonation. 3) The one using recycled wastewater without ozonation. The experimental results indicated that ozone could help improving the biogas production to 2.1 liters/day per 1 liter of recycled wastewater. The methane and carbon dioxide concentrations were 66. 8% and 38. 5%, respectively.