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    Computer aided-program for validation of measuring system from unit step response by time convolution method
    (2005-01-01) ; ; ;
    Phoomvuthisarn, S.
    This paper presents the design and development of the computer algorithm based on LabVIEW for verification of a high voltage measuring system. The algorithm consists of two parts. The first part is a program for calculating the parameters of unit step responses which are verified an ability of the measuring system by a comparison with the values given in IEC 60060-2. The second part is a program for calculating the output voltage waveform by time convolutions between standard testing waveforms and unit step responses. The standard waveforms under investigation are full lightning impulse voltage waveforms, tail-chopped lightning impulse voltage waveforms, front-chopped lightning impulse voltage waveforms and steep-front voltage waveforms according to IEC standards 60060-2 and 61211. This paper considers two different types of the measuring systems, with a resistive voltage divider and a damped capacitive voltage divider for testings. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper is practicable, and should be a useful tool for impulse voltage measurements in a standard high voltage laboratory.
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    Design and Construction of An Ozone Generator Based on A Resonant Converter
    (2019-09-01)
    Kitcharoen, Phattarin
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    Phoaphan, Busayapol
    ;
    This paper presents design and construction of the ozone generator based on a resonant converter. Ozone is caused by the combination of 3 oxygen atoms. Ozone gas is widely used in the industry for killing bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. The ozone gas doesn't cause residual pollution. The ozone gas can be produced from corona discharge on the area with high electrical field stress. In this paper, the resonant converter was developed for high voltage generation on coaxial cylindrical electrodes which are utilized to produces ozone gas. The resonant converter divided into 2 parts. The first part is the control circuit and the second part is the power circuit. The power circuit was used to convert AC voltage to AC voltage with other frequencies. Additionally, the converter can generate a square voltage with adjustable frequency for finding the resonant frequency. From the experiment, the resonant converter can produce ozone gas effectively.
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    Transient equivalent circuit of a horizontal grounding electrode
    (2012-12-31) ; ;
    Potivejkul, S.
    ;
    This paper proposes an equivalent circuit of grounding electrode which has validity upto a frequency range of sub-sequence stroke lightning current. The equivalent circuit is modelled by lumped and distributed parameters based on quasistatic assumption. In this study, only a grounding electrode installed horizontally is in consideration. The limitation of the uniform distributed equivalent circuit of a grounding electrode is presented. The non-uniform distributed equivalent circuit is proposed. The proposed equivalent circuits are verified by comparison of the results of ground potential rise computed by the proposed circuit, the partial element equivalent circuit method, and available experimental data. The proposed equivalent circuit can be adapted for being the models for development and design of the grounding system for lightning protection system in transmission and distribution systems in an effective way. © 2012 IEEE.
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    Fast and Effective Technique in Evaluation of Lightning Impulse Voltage Parameters
    (2021-01-01) ;
    Kitwattana, Krit
    ;
    This paper presents an approach for the waveform parameter evaluation of lightning impulse voltage in high voltage tests according to the IEC standards. Such waveform parameters are composed of peak voltage (U<inf>p</inf>), front time (T<inf>1</inf>), time to half (T<inf>2</inf>), and the overshoot rate (B<inf>e</inf>). An artificial neural network with a back-propagation learning algorithm was applied to determine a base curve and its parameters from 14 points along the recorded waveform between 20% of the peak voltage on the wave front part to 40% of the peak voltage on the wave tail part. The 29 waveforms recommended by the standard were used in the training process of the development of the network model, and some experimental cases were also utilized for verification of the proposed method. It is found that the waveform parameters evaluated by the proposed approach are in the tolerances of the standard requirements. Maximum absolute deviations of U<inf>p</inf>, T<inf>1</inf>, T<inf>2</inf>, and B<inf>e</inf> are 0.06%, 2.00%, 0.12%, and 0.79%, respectively. Due to that no iteration process in the proposed approach is required, the efficiency in calculation process is significantly faster than the standard recommended approach.
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    Designing HV Reactor With Multiple Air Gap Structure Based on Fringing Flux Factor
    (2024-01-01) ;
    Raxsa, Jedsada
    ;
    ;
    Khumpho, Juthathip
    This paper introduces an experimental approach to determining the fringing flux factor (F), representing the leakage flux within the air gap of the magnetic core, for the design of high-voltage (HV) reactors. The formula for determining F was developed from the AC excitation experimental data using curve-fitting techniques on the proposed reactor's reduced-scale model, which features a CC shaped magnetic core with six air gaps. The significant configuration of the model includes an iron core and coil windings. The test conditions for the reduced-scale model are based on the number of turns in the winding, 85 and 300 turns for each coil winding and the length of the air gap, 2 mm. and 5 mm. for each gap. Based on experiments with the reduced-scale model, the developed formula for F demonstrates effective results, exhibiting an absolute error lower than 20 %. This F formula provides a promising guideline for designing HV reactors, with a lower absolute error value.
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    Application of a partial element equivalent circuit method to lightning surge analyses
    (2013-01-01) ;
    Ametani, Akihiro
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    Rachidi, Farhad
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    Nagaoka, Naoto
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    Baba, Yoshihiro
    This paper presents the application of the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method in the time and frequency domains for calculating tower surge responses and insulator voltages of an actual transmission tower, and transient performance of grounding systems. Neglecting of electromagnetic retardation effect in the PEEC method in the time domain is proposed to increase efficiency of the method. Incorporation of nonlinear elements such as a flashover model and a soil ionization model with the PEEC method in the time domain is presented. Moreover, an effective way to increase the efficiency of the method in terms of computation time, which consists of the appropriate combination of the PEEC method and the transmission line theory, is proposed. The transmission line model is adapted to combine with the method for reducing elements in the PEEC method. Comparisons of the simulation results by the proposed methods in the time and frequency domains with other numerical methods and with available experimental data show satisfactory agreement. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    A partial discharge testing system based on a 5-level converter with different control signals
    (2018-11-01)
    Yomkaew, N.
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    Marukatat, N.
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    In this paper, analyses of a partial discharge (PD) testing systems using a voltage source from a 5-level converter with different control signals are presented. The low voltage source with 200 Hz of the test system is generated using the 5-level converter. The converter connected to a high voltage transformer, a partial discharge detection. The LC-filter type is set for the test system. The efficiency of voltage source from the 5-level converter with different control signal topologies, i.e. 5-level square wave, 5-level quasi-square wave, and 5-level sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with modulation index (m<inf>a</inf>) of 1.0. The effect of the topologies to partial discharge test system is presented and compared in cases of the voltage difference, total harmonic distortion (THD<inf>v</inf>) of the output voltage, and the background noises in the partial discharge testing system with no-load and load test with a potential transformer (PT). It is found that the 5-level sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with modulation index 1.0 provides the best performance in cases of the voltage difference and THD<inf>v</inf> of below 5%, and the background noise of below 2.5 pC.
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    Partial Discharge Measurement Based on an Inductive Mode Air-Core Sensor
    (2020-03-01)
    Paophan, Busayapol
    ;
    ;
    In this paper, an alternative technique for partial discharge (PD) measurement using an air-core sensor is proposed. The air-core sensor consists of an inductive mode air-core coil and the appropriate additional resistor. The approach for inductive mode enhancement of an air-core coil is presented. In the inductive mode operation, an output voltage which is proportional to an induced voltage from the air-core coil is utilized to determine PD currents and charges by a numerical integration. In the design process of the air-core sensor, parameter estimation with a computation algorithm is employed for extracting unknown circuit parameters of the air-core coil from a unit step response. These estimated parameters are crucial in an effective design of the PD measuring system. With the design circuit parameters, experiments in PD measurement were performed. From experimental results, the developed system has promising performance, and the sensitivity is in the range of a few picocoulombs. From this achievement, the proposed technique is a choice in PD measurement for high-voltage equipment in the laboratory and in the on-site measurement.
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    Improved Least-Square Prony Analysis Technique for Parameter Evaluation of Lightning ImpulseVoltage and Current
    This paper represents a fast curve-fitting technique for evaluation of either lightning impulse voltage or the current base curve. The technique based on least-square Prony analysis employs the double integration of the recorded waveform for waveform evaluation. The undesirable effect of noise exiting in Prony analysis technique is mitigated. The base curve formula is written in the complex form of the double exponential function. A decomposition technique is utilized for determination of the base curves of full lightning impulse voltages with oscillations and of lightning impulse currents. To verify the performance of the proposed method, the base curves reconstituted from the developed method were compared with the curves reconstructed from a nonlinear least-square regression prescribed in the standard. The execution time of the proposed method is much shorter than that of the conventional method because it does not need the iteration process. With noise immunity characteristics and avoidance of recorded waveform distortion, the results from the proposed technique based on the normal implementation are remarkably accurate. The results of this study indicated that the proposed method is the powerful one to apply for lightning impulse voltage and current base curve evaluation.
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    Development of a Rogowski Coil-Based Lightning Current Measuring System with Wide Frequency Bandwidth for Wind Turbines
    (2026-01-01)
    Pramualsingha, Sarawuth
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    Yamamoto, Kazuo
    ;
    Accurate monitoring of lightning currents is critical for incident assessment and the implementation of protective measures in wind turbines. Owing to the complex geometry of turbines, direct measurement is impractical, making indirect approaches, such as the Rogowski coil, a promising alternative. The Rogowski coil provides galvanic isolation, fast transient response, and high current capacity; however, achieving broadband performance with a very low cut-off frequency remains a significant challenge. This article proposes a broadband Rogowski coil-based lightning current measuring system (RLMS) with an exceptionally low cut-off frequency. The system comprises a Rogowski coil, hybrid integrator, and digital filter. The coil was designed and optimized using transmission line theory and a distributed parameter model. The hybrid integrator, which combines the Sallen-Key and T-feedback topologies, ensures effective compensation, whereas the digital filter suppresses high-frequency noise. The feasibility of the RLMS was confirmed by a frequency response analysis in the frequency domain and time-domain comparison of lightning current waveform measurements against the reference system. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the system for lightning current measurements. This demonstrates the strong potential for integration into wind turbines to enhance the accuracy of lightning detection and protection strategies.