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    Design and Construction of An Ozone Generator Based on A Resonant Converter
    (2019-09-01)
    Kitcharoen, Phattarin
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    Phoaphan, Busayapol
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    This paper presents design and construction of the ozone generator based on a resonant converter. Ozone is caused by the combination of 3 oxygen atoms. Ozone gas is widely used in the industry for killing bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. The ozone gas doesn't cause residual pollution. The ozone gas can be produced from corona discharge on the area with high electrical field stress. In this paper, the resonant converter was developed for high voltage generation on coaxial cylindrical electrodes which are utilized to produces ozone gas. The resonant converter divided into 2 parts. The first part is the control circuit and the second part is the power circuit. The power circuit was used to convert AC voltage to AC voltage with other frequencies. Additionally, the converter can generate a square voltage with adjustable frequency for finding the resonant frequency. From the experiment, the resonant converter can produce ozone gas effectively.
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    Application of a partial element equivalent circuit method to lightning surge analyses
    (2013-01-01) ;
    Ametani, Akihiro
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    Rachidi, Farhad
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    Nagaoka, Naoto
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    Baba, Yoshihiro
    This paper presents the application of the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method in the time and frequency domains for calculating tower surge responses and insulator voltages of an actual transmission tower, and transient performance of grounding systems. Neglecting of electromagnetic retardation effect in the PEEC method in the time domain is proposed to increase efficiency of the method. Incorporation of nonlinear elements such as a flashover model and a soil ionization model with the PEEC method in the time domain is presented. Moreover, an effective way to increase the efficiency of the method in terms of computation time, which consists of the appropriate combination of the PEEC method and the transmission line theory, is proposed. The transmission line model is adapted to combine with the method for reducing elements in the PEEC method. Comparisons of the simulation results by the proposed methods in the time and frequency domains with other numerical methods and with available experimental data show satisfactory agreement. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    A partial discharge testing system based on a 5-level converter with different control signals
    (2018-11-01)
    Yomkaew, N.
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    Marukatat, N.
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    In this paper, analyses of a partial discharge (PD) testing systems using a voltage source from a 5-level converter with different control signals are presented. The low voltage source with 200 Hz of the test system is generated using the 5-level converter. The converter connected to a high voltage transformer, a partial discharge detection. The LC-filter type is set for the test system. The efficiency of voltage source from the 5-level converter with different control signal topologies, i.e. 5-level square wave, 5-level quasi-square wave, and 5-level sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with modulation index (m<inf>a</inf>) of 1.0. The effect of the topologies to partial discharge test system is presented and compared in cases of the voltage difference, total harmonic distortion (THD<inf>v</inf>) of the output voltage, and the background noises in the partial discharge testing system with no-load and load test with a potential transformer (PT). It is found that the 5-level sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with modulation index 1.0 provides the best performance in cases of the voltage difference and THD<inf>v</inf> of below 5%, and the background noise of below 2.5 pC.
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    Improved Least-Square Prony Analysis Technique for Parameter Evaluation of Lightning ImpulseVoltage and Current
    This paper represents a fast curve-fitting technique for evaluation of either lightning impulse voltage or the current base curve. The technique based on least-square Prony analysis employs the double integration of the recorded waveform for waveform evaluation. The undesirable effect of noise exiting in Prony analysis technique is mitigated. The base curve formula is written in the complex form of the double exponential function. A decomposition technique is utilized for determination of the base curves of full lightning impulse voltages with oscillations and of lightning impulse currents. To verify the performance of the proposed method, the base curves reconstituted from the developed method were compared with the curves reconstructed from a nonlinear least-square regression prescribed in the standard. The execution time of the proposed method is much shorter than that of the conventional method because it does not need the iteration process. With noise immunity characteristics and avoidance of recorded waveform distortion, the results from the proposed technique based on the normal implementation are remarkably accurate. The results of this study indicated that the proposed method is the powerful one to apply for lightning impulse voltage and current base curve evaluation.
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    Development of a Rogowski Coil-Based Lightning Current Measuring System with Wide Frequency Bandwidth for Wind Turbines
    (2026-01-01)
    Pramualsingha, Sarawuth
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    Yamamoto, Kazuo
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    Accurate monitoring of lightning currents is critical for incident assessment and the implementation of protective measures in wind turbines. Owing to the complex geometry of turbines, direct measurement is impractical, making indirect approaches, such as the Rogowski coil, a promising alternative. The Rogowski coil provides galvanic isolation, fast transient response, and high current capacity; however, achieving broadband performance with a very low cut-off frequency remains a significant challenge. This article proposes a broadband Rogowski coil-based lightning current measuring system (RLMS) with an exceptionally low cut-off frequency. The system comprises a Rogowski coil, hybrid integrator, and digital filter. The coil was designed and optimized using transmission line theory and a distributed parameter model. The hybrid integrator, which combines the Sallen-Key and T-feedback topologies, ensures effective compensation, whereas the digital filter suppresses high-frequency noise. The feasibility of the RLMS was confirmed by a frequency response analysis in the frequency domain and time-domain comparison of lightning current waveform measurements against the reference system. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the system for lightning current measurements. This demonstrates the strong potential for integration into wind turbines to enhance the accuracy of lightning detection and protection strategies.
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    Partial discharge classification on high voltage equipment with K-means
    This document proposes a statistical classification model using k-means cluster analysis to classify partial discharge (PD) patterns into four categories listed as corona at high voltage side in air, corona at low voltage side in air, surface in air, and internal discharge. The independent variables in this k-means cluster analysis model are skewness, kurtosis, asymmetry, and cross correlation following the φ - q - n PD patterns obtained from the fingerprint analysis which is a digital signal processing technique for PD measurement. The experiments were set to simulate all four PD patterns to obtain statistical parameters into 10 independent variables from the fingerprint analysis. This document recommends using 8 final clusters instead of using 4 final clusters to achieve the accuracy of using this k-means cluster approach to 100 percent. © 2006 IEEE.
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    The effect of convexity of lightning impulse voltage waveforms on accuracy of HV measuring systems
    (2006-01-01) ; ; ;
    Phoomvuthisarn, S.
    This paper presents the effect of convexity of lightning impulse voltage waveforms on accuracy of HV measuring systems. The effects of different three convexities on wave front are analyzed by simulation tests with some standard waveforms. The simulation tests have two aspects. First one is consideration in frequency domain by using FFT with standard waveforms and transfer function of measuring system and second one is consideration in time domain by using time convolution method or Duhamel's integration method for computing waveform outputs standard testing waveforms and unit step responses of the sample measuring systems. The standard waveforms under investigations are full lightning impulse voltage waveforms, tail-chopped of lightning impulse voltage waveforms, front-chopped of lightning impulse voltage waveforms according to IEC standards 60060-2. This paper considers two samples of different types of the measuring systems. The results show that the convexity has effect on accuracy of measuring systems. © 2006 IEEE.
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    Resonant power frequency converter and application in high-voltage and partial discharge test of a voltage transformer
    This paper presents application of a resonant power frequency converter for high-voltage (HV) and partial discharge (PD) test of a voltage transformer. The rating voltage, power, and frequency of the system are 70 kV<inf>rms</inf>, 40 kVA, and 200 Hz, respectively. The testing system utilized the converter feeding to an HV testing transformer connected to a conventional partial discharge detection system. The converter system comprising a rectifier and insulated-gate bipolar (IGBT) switches with the H-bridge configuration was applied as a low-voltage source instead of a conventional motor-generator test set which requires large space and high cost. The requirements of the test according to the standards are quality of the test voltage and the background noise level. The required voltage must have the different voltage (DV) and total harmonic distortion (THD<inf>v</inf> ) in the acceptable values of less than 5%. The DV is defined as the difference of the root mean square and peak voltages in percent. The required background noise level must be lower than 2.5 pC. Simulations and experiments were performed for verification of the developed system performance in comparison with those of the previously developed system based on the pulse width modulation converter. It is found that the developed system can provide the testing voltage with the DV and the THD<inf>v</inf> of lower than 1% and the background noise level of lower than 1 pC. Considering this achievement of promising performance, the developed system is an attractive choice for the HV and PD testing of voltage transformers in real practice.
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    Equivalent circuit approximation of transformer insulation by using PDC measurement
    (2008-10-06)
    Roongroj, Ch
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    Praisuwanna, P.
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    Thongkaemkaew, K.
    This paper represents the insulation model of 3φ, 50 MVA, 132.8/13.8 kV power transformer. This model is developed from the polarization and depolarization current measurement (PDC). The insulation modeling consists of a parallel circuit among C<inf>50</inf> <inf>Hz</inf>, R<inf>0</inf>, R <inf>1</inf> and C<inf>1</inf> in series, R<inf>2</inf> and C<inf>2</inf> in series, R<inf>3</inf> and C<inf>3</inf> in series, and R<inf>4</inf> and C <inf>4</inf> in series. C<inf>50</inf> <inf>Hz</inf> is obtained from the conventional measurement method; whereas, the applied step voltage and the sum of PDC are calculated for R<inf>0</inf>. The individual elements (R<inf>1</inf> and C<inf>1</inf>) are determined from fitting technique employing MATLAB program. From experimental results of the tested transformer, the example of insulation model for Transformer No. 1 (T1) is created with C<inf>50</inf> <inf>Hz</inf> of 3.643 nF, R<inf>0</inf> of 334.8 GΩ. The values of R <inf>1</inf>-R<inf>4</inf> are 86.52, 110.5, 669.5 and 271.0 GΩ respectively; while, the values of C<inf>1</inf>-C<inf>4</inf> are 37.62, 6.047, 0.101 and 0.013 nF respectively. The proposed model is validated by calculating dissipation factor and measuring dissipation factor. The results show that the proposed model and experimental validation are good agreement with each others. © 2008 IEEE.
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    Design of Counterpoise Grounding Electrodes Encased with Low Resistivity Material for Transmission Towers
    (2019-05-15)
    Sirachansawang, P.
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    Horchue, T.
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    This paper presents design of counterpoise electrodes encased with earthing enhancing compounds or more effective grounding (MEG) for transmission towers. Approach is based on a full-wave electromagnetic analysis. For counterpoise analysis, the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) is used. In this paper, we use lightning parameters from IEC 62305 as reference. For normal case, the soil ionization and frequency dependent parameters are ignored. In cases high ground resistivity more than 1000 ohm-meter, grounding of long counterpoise makes the capacitive result, this make electrode impedance lower than resistance. The impulse impedance of the four-leg and eight-leg counterpoise electrode in area which is high ground resistivity of 5000 ohm-meter, grounding impedance cannot be achieved because of the result of effective length. The MEG is encased with the eight-leg grounding electrode impedance can be accomplished.