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Green Synthesis of Activated Carbons from Coconut Coir Dust via Steam Activation for Supercapacitor Electrode Applications
(2025-12-01)
Kongtip, Jirayu
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Kanjulkeat, Natapol
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Ninneit, Thanapol
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Phanapadipong, Norapat
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Chaiammart, Nattapat
Activated carbons derived from coconut coir dust were synthesized via a two-step process combining carbonization and steam activation for application as electrode materials in supercapacitors. The influence of carbonization temperature (500–700 °C) on the morphological, structural, textural, and electrochemical properties of the resulting activated carbons was systematically investigated. Increasing the carbonization temperature led to a progressive collapse of the cellular structure and formation of a more compact and thermally stable carbon matrix, while the overall morphology remained largely unchanged after steam activation. The steam-activated carbon prepared from the carbonized sample at 700 °C (SA-CCD-7) exhibited the highest specific surface area (889 m2 g−1) and a well-developed hierarchical micro–mesoporous structure. Structural analyses confirmed the amorphous nature and an increase in structural disorder after activation, consistent with the enhanced pore development. Electrochemical measurements in 6 M KOH using a three-electrode system revealed that the SA-CCD-7 displayed a typical electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) behavior, delivering the highest specific capacitance of 86 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and retaining 81% of its initial capacitance at 20 A g−1, demonstrating excellent rate capability. The symmetric coin-cell supercapacitor device assembled with SA-CCD-7 as the electrodes achieved an energy density of 0.9–1.2 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 50–2500 W kg−1, along with remarkable cycling stability over 10,000 cycles with negligible capacitance loss. These findings highlight steam activation of coconut coir dust as a simple, scalable, and eco-friendly approach for producing biomass-derived carbon electrodes for sustainable energy storage applications.
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Integrated Vehicle-Following Control for Four-Wheel Independent Drive Based on Regenerative Braking System Control Mechanism for Battery Electric Vehicle Conversion Driven by PMSM 30 kW
(2024-06-01)
Techalimsakul, Pataphiphat
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Keyoonwong, Wiwat
This study proposed the hybrid energy storage paradigm (HESP) equipped with front-wheel permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for battery electric vehicles (BEVs). In this case, all four wheels are driven by a single motor using mechanical coupling to distribute the motor’s power to each wheel evenly. The HESP is a combination of several supercapacitors (SCs) and an NMC-lithium battery equipped with an advanced artificial neural network (ANN) that will enhance the regenerative braking system (RBS) efficiency of energy storage during braking. The three-phase inverter switching algorithm ensures efficient regenerative braking and fine adjustment of the brake force distribution. Under the RBS, the HESP with the ANN first transfers braking energy to the SC and, when the safety standard is reached, the SC transfers it to the battery. The RBS control maintains an even distribution of braking force at all distances to ensure stability during braking. The results show that a traditional BEV can drive 245.46 km (35 cycles), while an EV with an RBS-only battery can drive 282.56 km (40 cycles). An EV with HESP-RBS can drive 338.78 km (48 cycles), which is an increase of 93.32 km (13 cycles). The HESP-RBS increased the regenerative efficiency by 38.01% when compared to a traditional BEV.
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CuFe2O4 Nanofiber Incorporated with a Three-Dimensional Graphene Sheet Composite Electrode for Supercapacitor and Electrochemical Sensor Application
(2024-06-01)
Vinothini, Sivaramakrishnan
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Keyan, Arjunan Karthi
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Sakthinathan, Subramanian
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Chiu, Te Wei
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Vittayakorn, Naratip
The demand for regenerative energy and electric automotive applications has grown in recent decades. Supercapacitors have multiple applications in consumer alternative electronic products due to their excellent energy density, rapid charge/discharge time, and safety. CuFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>-incorporated three-dimensional graphene sheet (3DGS) nanocomposites were studied by different characterization studies such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical studies were based on cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. As prepared, 3DGS/CuFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> nanocomposites exhibited an excellent surface area, high energy storage with appreciable durability, and excellent electrocatalysis properties. A supercapacitor with 3DGS/CuFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>-coated nickel foam (NF) electrodes exhibited an excellent specific capacitance of 488.98 Fg−1, a higher current density, as well as a higher power density. After charge–discharge cycles in a 2.0 M KOH aqueous electrolyte solution, the 3DGS/CuFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/NF electrodes exhibited an outstanding cyclic stability of roughly 95% at 10 Ag−1, indicating that the prepared nanocomposites could have the potential for energy storage applications. Moreover, the 3DGS/CuFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> electrode exhibited an excellent electrochemical detection of chloramphenicol with a detection limit of 0.5 µM, linear range of 5–400 µM, and electrode sensitivity of 3.7478 µA µM−1 cm−2.
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Hamiltonian-Energy Control Law for Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Hybrid Source to Solve Stability Issues in DC Distributed System
(2023-01-01)
Mungporn, Pongsiri
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Khomfoi, Surin
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Pierfederici, Serge
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Nahid-Mobarakeh, Babak
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Bizon, Nicu
The new control law of a supercapacitor (SC) based storage device combining a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as a hybrid power plant is presented in this paper. To realize this goal, a Hamiltonian control law (or an interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control IDA-PBC) is proposed. The paper deals with the new control algorithm to stabilize FC/SC hybrid system under constant power load stability issue in dc distributed network. To validate the proposed control approach, a hardware system is implemented with a high-performance microcontroller (CPU 64 bits, dual-core, 2 GHz). Also, the dc microgrid used in experimental test rig consists of a PEMFC of 2500 W, 50 V and a supercapacitor module of 188.88F 51.3V. The Experimental results show that the proposed controller has excellent control performance during a load-drive cycle under constant power load condition.

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