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Enhancing small-scale acetification processes using adsorbed Acetobacter pasteurianus UMCC 2951 on κ-carrageenan-coated luffa sponge
(2024-01-01)
Sriphochanart, Wiramsri
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Krusong, Warawut
;
Samuela, Nialmas
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Somboon, Pichayada
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Sirisomboon, Panmanas
Background. This study explored the utilization of luffa sponge (LS) in enhancing acetification processes. LS is known for having high porosity and specific surface area, and can provide a novel means of supporting the growth of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) to improve biomass yield and acetification rate, and thereby promote more efficient and sustainable vinegar production. Moreover, the promising potential of LS and luffa sponge coated with κ-carrageenan (LSK) means they may represent effective alternatives for the co-production of industrially valuable bioproducts, for example bacterial cellulose (BC) and acetic acid. Methods. LS and LSK were employed as adsorbents for Acetobacter pasteurianus UMCC 2951 in a submerged semi-continuous acetification process. Experiments were conducted under reciprocal shaking at 1 Hz and a temperature of 32 ◦C. The performance of the two systems (LS-AAB and LSK-AAB respectively) was evaluated based on cell dry weight (CDW), acetification rate, and BC biofilm formation. Results. The use of LS significantly increased the biomass yield during acetification, achieving a CDW of 3.34 mg/L versus the 0.91 mg/L obtained with planktonic cells. Coating LS with κ-carrageenan further enhanced yield, with a CDW of 4.45 mg/L. Acetification rates were also higher in the LSK-AAB system, reaching 3.33 ± 0.05 g/L d as opposed to 2.45 ± 0.05 g/L d for LS-AAB and 1.13 ± 0.05 g/L d for planktonic cells. Additionally, BC biofilm formation during the second operational cycle was more pronounced in the LSK-AAB system (37.0 ± 3.0 mg/L, as opposed to 25.0 ± 2.0 mg/L in LS-AAB). Conclusions. This study demonstrates that LS significantly improves the efficiency of the acetification process, particularly when enhanced with κ-carrageenan. The increased biomass yield, accelerated acetification, and enhanced BC biofilm formation highlight the potential of the LS-AAB system, and especially the LSK-AAB variant, in sustainable and effective vinegar production. These systems offer a promising approach for small-scale, semi-continuous acetification processes that aligns with eco-friendly practices and caters to specialized market needs. Finally, this innovative method facilitates the dual production of acetic acid and bacterial cellulose, with potential applications in biotechnological fields.
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Healthy dried baby corn silk vinegar production and determination of its main organic volatiles containing antimicrobial activity
(2020-01-01)
Krusong, Warawut
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Sriphochanart, Wiramsri
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Suwapanich, Rachit
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Mekkerdchoo, Orachorn
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Sriprom, Pongsert
Dried baby corn silks (DBCS) are an underutilized by-product and a good source of active compounds. Analysis of DBCS showed 5.15 ± 0.21 mg GAE mL−1 total phenolic compounds, 4.24 ± 0.08 mg GAE mL−1 total flavonoid compounds and an antioxidant activity of 45.98 ± 7.89% inhibition for free radical scavenging DPPH, 91.33 ± 0.33% inhibition for ABTS and 44.17 ± 0.53% chelating effect for FIC. In the acetification process, 15 g L−1 (w/v) DBCS was suitable for wine making resulting in 94 ± 1 g L−1 alcohol. Subsequently, acetic acid (62 ± 1 to 75 ± 1 g L−1) was produced during 9 cycles of semi-continuous processing. The remaining active compounds, in both wine and vinegar, were also determined and a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.5) of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from DBSC was observed, which were higher in vinegar than in wine. Among volatile organic compounds found using GC-MS, only five of the main compounds, which had antimicrobial properties, were found in both wine and vinegar. They were acetic acid, ethyl ester; 1-butanol, 3-methyl-, acetone; 1-butanol, 3-methyl-; hexanoic acid and octanoic acid. Results indicated that DBCS contained compounds that were beneficial to health and therefore could be a functional food and provide additional beneficial applications as an antimicrobial agent.
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Impact of high initial concentrations of acetic acid and ethanol on acetification rate in an internal Venturi injector bioreactor
(2015-03-01)
Krusong, W.
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Yaiyen, S.
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Pornpukdeewatana, S.
Aims: To evaluate the comparative impact of high initial concentrations of acetic acid (AA<inf>i</inf>) and of ethanol (ET<inf>i</inf>) on acetification rate (ETA). Methods and Results: Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) were cultivated in a 100-l internal Venturi injector bioreactor. To quantify the oxygen availability, the 1·0 l min-1 air inflow rate for the start-up phase (25 l) while 3·0 l min-1 for the operational phase (75 l) achieved a high oxygen transfer coefficient (k<inf>L</inf>a). Changes in cell wall by TEM images and the remained ADH and ALDH activities confirmed the high acid tolerance ability of AAB. While ETAs using high AA<inf>i</inf> at 65 g l-1 could be processed of 9·57 ± 0·19 g l-1 day-1, which is just higher than 9·12 ± 0·12 g l-1 day-1 using high ET<inf>i</inf> at 55 g l-1. The average biotransformation yields were at 96·3 ± 0·1% and 94·4 ± 0·1% for high AA<inf>i</inf> and ET<inf>i</inf>, respectively. Conclusions: Results confirm that high oxygenation was generated in the bioreactor. Both high AA<inf>i</inf> and ET<inf>i</inf> were important in increasing ETA under stress 100 g l-1 total concentration. Significance and Impact of the Study: High acid-tolerant AAB contains the high ADH and ALDH activities causing higher ETAs in HIA process. It is a competitive commercialized acetification process.

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