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Magnetic Fe3O4/BiOBr for solar-light-responsive photodegradation of tetracycline antibiotic
(2026-07-01)
Detrat, Natthakitta
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Matsombat, Kanokwan
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Nonthing, Sattra
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Panchakeaw, Atchawadee
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Dulyasucharit, Ruethaithip
Magnetic Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/BiOBr photocatalyst was synthesized via an ultrasonic route. It was then applied for detoxification of tetracycline (TC) antibiotic. The prepared BiOBr exhibited E<inf>g</inf> of 2.71 eV while the binary Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/BiOBr showed E<inf>g</inf> of 2.04 eV. The Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/BiOBr photocatalyst displayed lower photoluminescence signal than BiOBr, suggesting the improvement of the electron-hole separation rate after creation of the magnetic Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/BiOBr photocatalyst. The promising photocatalytic efficiency of 100% was obtained. The corresponding enhanced rate constant of 0.0732 min−1 was achieved. The synthesized Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/BiOBr exhibited the promising photocatalytic performance and the excellent structural stability after five cycles of use. The superoxide anion radicals are the main active species involved in the degradation of the pollutant. The present paper demonstrates a novel way to fabricate the sunlight-responsive photocatalyst, with magnetic separable property, for decontamination of TC drug in aqueous phase.
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Early antibiotics administration reduces mortality in sepsis patients in tertiary care hospital
(2025-12-01)
Isaranuwatchai, Suramath
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Buppanharun, Jirawat
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Thongbun, Thamonwan
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Thavornwattana, Kaewklao
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Harnphadungkit, Monprach
Introduction: Early antibiotic administration is one of the core treatments of sepsis which associated with reduced mortality rate. However, the appropriate timing of antibiotics remains a controversial issue, especially in patients without septic shock. Here, we reported the outcomes of early antibiotic administration within one hour from the time of infection suspicion in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: We reviewed the medical records and sepsis protocols in Chulabhorn Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, from January 2021 to December 2023 for patients presenting with sepsis. We had our own sepsis protocol which we used for early detection and treatment of sepsis patients. We compared the 28-day mortality, 90-day mortality, and the length of stay between patients with time-to-antibiotics (TTA) within one hour and patients with TTA more than one hour. Results: We recruited 1,506 patients into our study. The mean age is 68 years and 49.40% of patients is female. 90.97% of the patients have comorbidities. The most common comorbidities were cancer (68.66%), and hypertension (33.40%). The 28-day mortality rate and the 90-day mortality rate were significantly lower in the patients with TTA within one hour compared to those with TTA more than one hour (P = 0.009 and P = 0.042, respectively). Nonetheless, adjusted mortality rate was significantly lower in only 28-day mortality rate but not 90-day mortality rate. Subgroup analysis showed that the mortality rate was significantly lower in patients with ICD-10 diagnosis of infections (15.35% vs. 21.51%, P = 0.029), patients with cancer (17.29% vs. 24.11%, P = 0.016), and patients with solid cancer (20.86% vs. 28.18%, P = 0.036). However, subgroup analysis for the mortality rate at 90 days were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Antibiotic administration within one hour from the time of infection suspicion is associated with lower mortality rates at 28 days but not at 90 days after adjusted analysis. Cancer patients, especially patients with solid cancer, will benefit more with time-to-antibiotics less than one hour.
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Lactic acid bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract: Anti-helicobacter pylori
(2024-06-03)
Techo, Sujitra
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Kingkaew, Engkarat
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Tanasupawat, Somboon
Numerous bacterial species have been found throughout the human GI tract, which consists of the oral cavity, stomach, intestine, and colon. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Lactobacillus (L. ) acidophilus, L. salivarius, L. johnsonii, L. crispatus, L. casei, L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, L. reuteri, L. oris, L. vaginalis, L. gasseri, L. plantarum, L. buchneri, L. mali, L. ruminis, L. delbrueckii, L. sakei, L. fermentum, L. helviticus, and L. brevis ; Streptococcus ( S. ) salivarius, S. pneumonia, S. mitis, S. oralis, S. parasanguinis, S. anginosus, S. constellatus, S. caprinus, and S. mutans ; Leuconostoc (Ln. ) mesenteroides and Ln. argentinum ; Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis; and Enterococcus (En. ) strains, are distributed throughout the human GI tract. The bacterial microbiota in humans changes when infected with Helicobacter (H. ) pylori. Moreover, antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) used in the regimen influence microbial microbiota. However, alteration of bacterial diversity is rather complicated and has conflicting effects. To maintain microbial balance in the GI tract, several studies have used probiotics as adjunctive therapy to reduce the number of H. pylori in infected humans, replacing antibiotics alone. Probiotics have shown a higher eradication rate of H. pylori when compared with antibiotics alone. Bacteriocin production by LAB is one of the interesting mechanisms that can inhibit the growth of H. pylori. Bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like substances exhibiting antibacterial properties against H. pylori have been reported. These active peptides could be exploited to develop novel therapeutics for treating H. pylori infection.
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Exploration of an efficient method for removing antibiotics from water and digested sewage sludge using Fe(VI): Kinetics and P phytoavailability and compostability in treated sludge
(2023-09-01)
Limmun, Warunee
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Ishikawa, Nao
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Maeda, Takeki
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Umeda, Takayuki
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Song, Jie
Potassium ferrate (K<inf>2</inf>FeO<inf>4</inf>) containing hexavalent iron [Fe(VI)] is an environmentally friendly oxidant, which possesses strong oxidizing power to treat wastewater and sludge. Therefore, the present study investigated degradation of selected antibiotics, namely levofloxacin (LEV), ciprofloxacin (CIP), oxytetracycline (OTC), and azithromycin (AZI), in water and anaerobically digested sewage sludge samples using Fe(VI). The effects of different Fe(VI) concentrations and initial pH values on antibiotic removal efficiency were evaluated. Under the studied conditions, LEV and CIP were almost completely removed from water samples, following second-order kinetics. In addition, over 60% of the four selected antibiotics were removed from sludge samples using 1 g L−1 Fe(VI). Furthermore, P phytoavailability and compostability of Fe(VI)-treated sludge were evaluated using different extraction reagents and a small composting unit. The extraction efficiency of phytoavailable P using 2% citric acid and neutral ammonium citrate was approximately 40% and 70%, respectively. The mixture of Fe(VI)-treated sludge and rice husk was self-heated in a closed composting reactor through the biodegradation of organic matter derived from the treated sludge. Therefore, Fe(VI)-treated sludge may be used as an organic material containing phytoavailable P for compost.
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Label free detection of multiple trace antibiotics with SERS substrates and independent components analysis
(2023-07-05)
Limwichean, Saksorn
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Leung, Wipawanee
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Sataporncha, Pemika
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Houngkamhang, Nongluck
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Nimittrakoolchai, On Uma
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been widely studied and recognized as a powerful label-free technique for trace chemical analysis. However, its drawback in simultaneously identifying several molecular species has greatly limited its real-world applications. In this work, we reported a combination between SERS and independent component analysis (ICA) to detect several trace antibiotics which are commonly used in aquacultures, including malachite green, furazolidone, furaltadone hydrochloride, nitrofurantoin, and nitrofurazone. The analysis results indicate that the ICA method is highly effective in decomposing the measured SERS spectra. The target antibiotics could be precisely identified when the number of components and the sign of each independent component loading were properly optimized. With SERS substrates, the optimized ICA can identify trace molecules in a mixture at a concentration of 10−6 M achieving the correlation values to the reference molecular spectra of 71–98%. Furthermore, measurement results obtained from a real-world sample demonstration could also be recognized as an important basis to suggest this method is promising for monitoring antibiotics in a real aquatic environment.
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Antimicrobial resistance: more than 70 years of war between humans and bacteria
(2020-09-02)
Nadeem, Syeda Fatima
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Gohar, Umar Farooq
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Tahir, Syed Fahad
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Mukhtar, Hamid
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Pornpukdeewattana, Soisuda
Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is one of the major issues in the present world and one of the greatest threats faced by mankind. Resistance is spread through both vertical gene transfer (parent to offspring) as well as by horizontal gene transfer like transformation, transduction and conjugation. The main mechanisms of resistance are limiting uptake of a drug, modification of a drug target, inactivation of a drug, and active efflux of a drug. The highest quantities of antibiotic concentrations are usually found in areas with strong anthropogenic pressures, for example medical source (e.g., hospitals) effluents, pharmaceutical industries, wastewater influents, soils treated with manure, animal husbandry and aquaculture (where antibiotics are generally used as in-feed preparations). Hence, the strong selective pressure applied by antimicrobial use has forced microorganisms to evolve for survival. The guts of animals and humans, wastewater treatment plants, hospital and community effluents, animal husbandry and aquaculture runoffs have been designated as “hotspots for AMR genes” because the high density of bacteria, phages, and plasmids in these settings allows significant genetic exchange and recombination. Evidence from the literature suggests that the knowledge of antibiotic resistance in the population is still scarce. Tackling antimicrobial resistance requires a wide range of strategies, for example, more research in antibiotic production, the need of educating patients and the general public, as well as developing alternatives to antibiotics (briefly discussed in the conclusions of this article).
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Antibiotic exposure postweaning disrupts the neurochemistry and function of enteric neurons mediating colonic motor activity
(2020-06-01)
Hung, Lin Y.
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Parathan, Pavitha
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Boonma, Prapaporn
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Wu, Qinglong
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Wang, Yi
The period during and immediately after weaning is an important developmental window when marked shifts in gut microbiota can regulate the maturation of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Because microbiota-derived signals that modulate ENS development are poorly understood, we examined the physiological impact of the broad spectrum of antibiotic, vancomycin-administered postweaning on colonic motility, neurochemistry of enteric neurons, and neuronal excitability. The functional impact of vancomycin on enteric neurons was investigated by Ca2+ imaging in Wnt1-Cre;R26R-GCaMP3 reporter mice to characterize alterations in the submucosal and the myenteric plexus, which contains the neuronal circuitry controlling gut motility. 16S rDNA sequencing of fecal specimens after oral vancomycin demonstrated significant deviations in microbiota abundance, diversity, and community composition. Vancomycin significantly increased the relative family rank abundance of Akkermansiaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae at the expense of Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidaceae. In sharp contrast to neonatal vancomycin exposure, microbiota compositional shifts in weaned animals were associated with slower colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) without mucosal serotonin biosynthesis being altered. The slowing of CMMCs is linked to disruptions in the neurochemistry of the underlying enteric circuitry. This included significant reductions in cholinergic and calbindin+ myenteric neurons, neuronal nitric oxide synthase+ submucosal neurons, neurofilament M+ enteric neurons, and increased proportions of cholinergic submucosal neurons. The antibiotic treatment also increased transmission and responsiveness in myenteric and submucosal neurons that may enhance inhibitory motor pathways, leading to slower CMMCs. Differential vancomycin responses during neonatal and weaning periods in mice highlight the developmental-specific impact of antibiotics on colonic enteric circuitry and motility.

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