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Sustainable Utilization of Chicken Eggshell Waste for Adsorptive Removal of Congo Red Dye from Wastewater
(2026-01-01)
Leelahakarnjana, Kanyakorn
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Triyaprasertporn, Rawisara
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Clowutimon, Weerawat
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Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
This study investigates the adsorptive removal of Congo red dye from wastewater using raw chicken eggshell, CaO derived from calcined eggshell, and commercial CaO as adsorbents. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine equilibrium time and analyze adsorption isotherms. Characterization of the materials using XRD, XRF, FT-IR, FT-Raman, and BET confirmed that the calcination process effectively transforms CaCO<inf>3</inf> in the raw eggshell into CaO, significantly increasing surface area and pore volume. These improvements enhance the material’s adsorption performance. The adsorption of Congo red reached equilibrium within 90 min for all adsorbents. Among the tested materials, CaO from eggshell exhibited adsorption capacity comparable to that of commercial CaO, while raw eggshell showed lower performance due to limited surface properties and basicity. Adsorption isotherm data for all adsorbents were better fitted with the Langmuir model, indicating a monolayer physical adsorption process. Overall, the results demonstrate that chicken eggshell waste, when thermally treated, is a promising and sustainable adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater.
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Effect of fortified calcium compounds from oyster shell on the quality of tapioca pearls
(2025-01-15)
Meeparn, Parinda
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Aenglong, Chakkapat
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Ratanasumawong, Savitree
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Klaypradit, Wanwimol
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Kerdpiboon, Soraya
This study aimed to determine the effect of calcium fortification from dried oyster shells (DOS) and calcined oyster shells (COS) at concentrations of 2, 4 and 6 %(w/w) on physical and chemical properties of tapioca pearls. The results showed that the optimal cooking time of TP-COS decreased compared to TP-DOS and TP (control). The TP-DOS and TP-COS exhibited a remaining calcium content ranging from 8.39 to 41.03 mg/g. During seven days of refrigerated storage, TP-COS showed delayed hardness along with decreases in both the enthalpy of gelatinization and retrogradation. The functional groups observed in TP-DOS and TP-COS showed varying intensities compared to TP. Morphology images depicted the distribution of DOS and COS within tapioca pearls, revealing that TP-DOS and TP-COS possessed a denser and more compact structure. The results suggest that COS fortification could improve the nutritional value and delay the change in the texture of tapioca pearls after storage.
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Property improvement of biodegradable citric acid-crosslinked rice starch films by calcium oxide
(2021-12-15)
Sornsumdaeng, Kittichai
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Seeharaj, Panpailin
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Prachayawarakorn, Jutarat
Due to several important limitations for packaging applications of starch film such as strength and hydrophilicity, rice starch (Oryza sativa) film was crosslinked with citric acid and modified by different contents of calcium oxide. FTIR spectra showed the evidence of crosslinking by citric acid and the presence of calcium oxide in the modified rice starch films. After the crosslinking, the decrease of degree of crystallinity and swelling including the increase of film smoothness and strain at maximum load were observed. The application of both citric acid and calcium oxide caused greater decrease of swelling, moisture uptake as well as higher stiffness and antibacterial activity than those of the use of only the citric acid. The highest stiffness and antibacterial activity were found for the crosslinked film added by 5 wt% calcium oxide. Moreover, the effect of calcium oxide contents on morphological, thermal and biodegradable properties of the crosslinked films was also investigated.
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Water influence on the kinetics of transesterification using CaO catalyst to produce biodiesel
(2021-07-15)
Anantapinitwatna, Ajala
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Ngaosuwan, Kanokwan
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Kiatkittipong, Worapon
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Wongsawaeng, Doonyapong
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Anantpinijwatna, Amata
This research investigated the water influence on biodiesel production via transesterification, and especially on their kinetic parameters. The initial rate of transesterification was increased with increasing amount of water (0–5 wt%). On the contrary, the initial rate was significantly reduced for the water concentration of 8–15 wt%. Moreover, when the biodiesel yield reached the maximum value of 30–40%, saponification as a side reaction became more significant with the presence of the emulsion phase, resulting in a remarkable decrease in biodiesel yield. The simple kinetic model including the rate constant and apparent activation energy revealed that transesterification containing 5 wt% water gave the higher rate constant compared to the case with the absence of water. However, the simple model could not describe the case with high water content. The water effect should be accounted for in the reaction rate in the adsorption term. The modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model including the effects of water contamination was originally proposed. Our finding suggested that despite the small amount of water content in transesterification using CaO catalyst giving rise in the initial rate, the water contamination in feedstocks for biodiesel production should be avoided because of the notable presence of saponification.

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