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Effect of antimony trioxide and carbon black on the mechanical properties and ablation properties of liner insulation in rocket motors
(2021-01-01)
Kitinirunkul, Thirapat
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Kitchaiya, Prakob
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Kiriratnikom, Chesda
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Boonyarat, Paisarn
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Nuanklai, Suchuchchai
This study focused on the mechanical properties and ablation properties of liner insulation in rocket motors for improving rocket performance by means of tensile strength, elongation, ablation rate and density. The following parameters were varied: amount of zinc oxide, antimony trioxide and carbon black (N550). It was found that the insulation of the rocket motors with antimony trioxide and carbon black provided higher the elongation and ablation rate. Thus, it was able to endure more heat from hot gas in combustion chamber. The result suggests that use of antimony trioxide and carbon black as filler in liner insulation can improve the thermal insulators and case-bonded in rocket motor between the solid propellant and the rocket motor tube.
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Effect of Soot Particle Size on Four Ball Metallic Wear Using Electron Microscopy Image Analysis
(2020-06-01)
Karin, Preechar
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Amornprapa, Warawut
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Watanawongskorn, Park
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Saenkhumvong, Eakkawut
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Charoenphonphanich, Chinda
The impact of soot primary nanoparticles affecting metal wear was investigated. The commercial Carbon Black (CB) with different primary particle sizes were mixed with the engine oil for simulating soot contamination. The physical properties of carbon black including density and hardness were calculated using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image analysis. The metallic wear test was evaluated by using a Four-ball wear tester. After the tests, the ball surfaces were inspected by utilizing High-Resolution Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Based on a Four-ball wear test, the 1 % by weight of carbon black contamination shows a bit higher average wear scar diameter (WSD), but the surface roughness is reduced. SEM micrograph of metallic wear scar for the engine oil without soot shows the area of grooves, plastic deformation and subsurface crack. On the other hand, when carbon black is added to the oil, it can be seen that there are many deep grooves along with the sliding direction. The relationship of calculated oil film thickness, primary nanoparticle size distribution, carbon atom density of soot and hardness is clearly explained metallic wear mechanisms.
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Robust design of PC/ABS filled with nano carbon black for electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and surface resistivity
(2020-05-01)
Sriseubsai, Wipoo
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Tippayakraisorn, Arsarin
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Lim, Jun Wei
This study focuses on the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), dissipation of electrostatic discharge (ESD), and surface resistivity of polymer blends between polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) filled with carbon black powder (CBp) and carbon black masterbatch (CBm). The mixtures of PC/ABS/CB composites were prepared by the injection molding for the 4-mm thickness of the specimen. The D-optimal mixture design was applied in this experiment. The EMI SE was measured at the frequency of 800 and 900 MHz with a network analyzer, MIL-STD-285. The result showed that the EMI SE was increased when the amount of filler increased. The surface resistivity of the composites was determined according to the ASTM D257. It was found that the surface resistivity of the plastic with no additives was 1012 Ω/square. When the amount of fillers was added, the surface resistivity of plastic composites decreased to the range of 106-1011 Ω/square, which was suitable for the application without the electrostatic discharge. The optimization of multi-response showed using high amounts of PC and CB was the best mixture of this research.
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Development of a Ternary Composite of PU Resin/Carbon Black/PZT for Mechanical Energy Harvesting Application
(2018-01-01)
Punsawat, Woratat
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Makcharoen, Worawut
Today, rapid depletion of energy sources forces us to discover alternative sustainable electrical energy sources quickly. The aim of this work was to develop a ternary composite of PU resin/carbon black/PZT to be an efficient mechanical energy harvester. Specifically, this present work attempted to find the optimum weight ratio of a PU resin/carbon black/PZT composite that could provide the highest mechanical-to-electrical conversion efficiency. The PU resin was the main matrix. Carbon black (CB) was added to improve conductivity while still maintaining good casting property. Then, PZT was added to generate electricity. Testing several weight ratios of this composite, it was found that the samples ratio of 60:20:20 was optimum and able to generate an average voltage of 0.357 V/in2. This ternary composite material has a candidate to into a practical and efficient electrical energy harvester source.
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A proper concentration of carbon black nanoparticles enhances growth of the regenerated vetiver grass
(2017-01-01)
Khunchuay, Chonnikarn
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Sompornpailin, Kanokporn
Carbon black (CB) nanoparticles were used in enhancing efficiency of the plant regeneration process under tissue culture condition. The calli of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) were induced by using axillary bud as the explant. These calli were subjected onto plant regeneration medium, Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mgL-1 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2 mgL-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2 mgL-1 kinetin, adding 0-70 mgL-1 concentrations of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles. After six week incubation, vetiver calli developed on the medium supplemented with 40 mgL-1 CB nanoparticles showed the rather high frequencies of plant regeneration (93.75%), nevertheless no statistically different with other treatment did. Media containing CB nanoparticles in the range 40-60 mgL-1 significantly affected on enhancing the average of shoot number per callus more than other CB concentration did. Especially, the average shoot lengths of plantlets derived from 40 and 50 mgL-1 CB media (1.73 and 2.19 cm) are longer than those from non CB or other CB concentration media (0.88-1.05 cm) at the significant level. Adding CB nanoparticles in regeneration medium effects on enhancing electrical conductivity and decreasing the pH value. The concentration of CB nanoparticle effected the ratio of colloidal sizes which was found in the medium. The proper concentration of CB generates the optimum property of the regeneration medium which can promote the average of shoot number per callus, and enhanced shoot elongation of vetiver grass in the regeneration process.
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Supercapacitor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes/carbon black composites-coated wooden sheet
(2014-01-01)
Dulyaseree, Paweena
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Jarernboon, Wirat
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Wongwiriyapan, Winadda
Supercapacitor consists of two carbon electrodes and wooden sheet as a separator. Three types of carbon electrodes were prepared; carbon black (CB), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and composites of MWNTs and CB (MWNTs-CB). Electrode pastes were coated on both sides of wooden sheet. The thickness of wooden sheet was varies from 1 mm to 5 mm. The morphology of CB, MWNTs and MWNTs-CB were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The supercapacitor performance was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge techniques. Among carbon electrode materials, MWNTs-CB shows the highest specific capacitance. The high specific capacitance of MWNTs-CB may be due to the high surface area of MWNTs incorporated with CB acting as spacer for MWNTs agglomeration protection and electrolyteelectrode accessibility improvement. Moreover, wooden sheet with a thickness of 2 mm shows the highest specific capacitance.
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