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    Robust design of PC/ABS filled with nano carbon black for electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and surface resistivity
    (2020-05-01) ;
    Tippayakraisorn, Arsarin
    ;
    Lim, Jun Wei
    This study focuses on the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), dissipation of electrostatic discharge (ESD), and surface resistivity of polymer blends between polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) filled with carbon black powder (CBp) and carbon black masterbatch (CBm). The mixtures of PC/ABS/CB composites were prepared by the injection molding for the 4-mm thickness of the specimen. The D-optimal mixture design was applied in this experiment. The EMI SE was measured at the frequency of 800 and 900 MHz with a network analyzer, MIL-STD-285. The result showed that the EMI SE was increased when the amount of filler increased. The surface resistivity of the composites was determined according to the ASTM D257. It was found that the surface resistivity of the plastic with no additives was 10<sup>12</sup> Ω/square. When the amount of fillers was added, the surface resistivity of plastic composites decreased to the range of 10<sup>6</sup>-10<sup>11</sup> Ω/square, which was suitable for the application without the electrostatic discharge. The optimization of multi-response showed using high amounts of PC and CB was the best mixture of this research.
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    Correction to: Robust Design of PC/ABS Filled with Nano Carbon Black for Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness and Surface Resistivity (Processes, (2020), 8, 5, (616), 10.3390/pr8050616)
    (2024-11-01) ;
    Tippayakraisorn, Arsarin
    ;
    Lim, Jun Wei
    With this correction, the Editorial Office together with the authors are making the following amendments to the published article [1]: Both Materials and Methods (Section 2) and Results and Discussion (Section 3) were revised. References 4–11 have been replaced with appropriate ones. With this correction, the order of some references has been adjusted accordingly. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.
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    The experimental study on purging of injection molding machine
    (2011-08-23)
    This research was to study on purging of injection molding machine. The polypropylene was used in this study. The fractional design was used to design the experiments with five main factors and two levels such as processing temperature, injection pressure, screw speed, injection velocity, and suck-back position. Some interactions were shown with the analysis by Minitab. Those factors were effect in purging. The recommend to purge the PP were using high level of screw speed, injection velocity and suck - back position while the processing temperature and injection pressure should be in the low level.
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    Simulation and optimization of anaerobic co-digestion of food waste with palm oil mill effluent for biogas production
    (2021-12-01)
    Tiong, Jasmine Sie Ming
    ;
    Chan, Yi Jing
    ;
    Lim, Jun Wei
    ;
    Mohamad, Mardawani
    ;
    Ho, Chii Dong
    Food waste (FW) utilized as substrate for anaerobic digestion (AD) to produce biogas is promising. Simultaneously, waste is handled and value-added products such as biogas and fertilizer are produced. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is used as the co-substrate. This study aims to simulate the complete process flow of anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD), consisting of pre-treatment of feedstock, biogas upgrading, wastewater treatment and sludge dying using SuperPro Designer. Parameters, namely hydraulic retention time (HRT), recycle ratio of sludge, water to FW ratio (kg/kg) and co-substrate to FW ratio (kg/kg), would affect the performance of digester. The optimization of these parameters is performed using Design-Expert software, involving response surface methodology (RSM). The effects on responses such as methane flow, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile solid (VS) removal efficiencies are analyzed. In treating 25,000 kg/h of feed, the optimized values for HRT, recycle ratio, water to feedstock ratio, POME to FW ratio are 37.2 days, 0.381, 0.027 and 0.004, respectively. The methane yield is 0.30 L CH<inf>4</inf>/g of COD removed, with COD and VS removal efficiencies of 81.5% and 68.9%, respectively. The project is profitable, with a payback period of 6.14 years and net present value (NPV) of $5,680,000. A comprehensive understanding of AD matures it for commercialization purposes.
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    Optimizing the properties of vulcanized compounds for foodstuff conveyor belts in industrial microwave per-heating
    (2018-01-01)
    Limhengha, Suphatchakorn
    ;
    This research finds a natural rubber-based material with good dielectric properties and low cost for a foodstuff conveyor belt (FCB) that can be heated with microwaves. For this purpose, epoxidized natural rubber-50 (ENR50) and standard Thai rubber 5L (STR5L) were mixed with a filler mixture of silica and magnesium carbonate. The FCB compound with filler (FCBcF) yielding the best vulcanization time, and the best mechanical, dielectric and dynamic properties, was selected for further study. The optimal FCBcF, ENR50:SiO<inf>2</inf>:MgCO<inf>3</inf> (100:40:40) with microwave pre-heating at 2.45 GHz and 340 W for one minute before vulcanization, was well cross-linked and strongly converted the microwaves to heat. FCBcF also showed satisfactory mechanical properties with reduced cost of raw materials and reduced the curing time by 50% per round. The results demonstrate that pre-heating of FCBcF prior to vulcanization reduces the time and cost of fabricating FCBs, providing long-term economic and environmental benefits.
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    Effect of ENR50/STR5L blends on properties of foodstuff conveyor belts compound
    (2016-01-01)
    Limhengha, Suphatchakorn
    ;
    Limnararat, Sunpasit
    ;
    Natural rubber blending with nitrile rubber is the important raw material employed for the foodstuff conveyor belts formulation. This research involves the replacement of nitrile rubber with epoxidised natural rubber (ENR) aiming for food safety precaution and cost saving on the materials. This work included the investigation on the ratio of ENR with 50% epoxidation (ENR50) and natural rubber (Standard Thai Rubber 5L,STR5L). The ratios of ENR50:STR5L were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. The effect of fillers, i.e. silica (SiO<inf>2</inf>) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO<inf>3</inf>) on the properties of rubber blends was also investigated. The vulcanizing system was semi-efficient vulcanization (Semi-EV). The study was further focused on the morphological characterization and mechanical properties. It was found that increasing the proportion of ENR50 and STR5L at 50% produced better mechanical property, however, the elongation at break increased once the ENR50 was down at 25%. Thus, this enhanced the property of the foodstuff conveyor belts compound.
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    Decentralized control of cooperative robotics system using neural networks for the purpose of an object balancing flat plate tasks
    (2020-02-01)
    Jaisumroum, Nattapon
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    ;
    In this article, the manipulation to handle the object on a plate using neural networks, design of 1-DOF robot arm under cooperative control, will be explained. The robot's system specifies the object position and velocity, an assignment oriented components for cooperative control. The novelty of this experiment is that under the decentralized control, the robot estimates the position and speed of the object for control end-effector of robot arm using the camera to track position and speed of the object according to training and assigned collaborative tasks which differ from other experiments that use sensors. The experiment includes three robot manipulators which were capable balancing the objects on flat plate with dataset to training and control servo motor assigned to the corresponding position and the end-effector in decentralized to control robotics. Overall, neural network method can be a training scheme using a cooperative robotics in a decentralized control.
      1
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    Warpage reduction through optimized process parameters and annealed process of injection-molded plastic parts
    (2018-10-01)
    Sudsawat, Supattarachai
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    The objective of this paper is to achieve the minimization of warpage for an injection molded part. The techniques that were implemented to minimize the warpage are the design of experiment (DOE), response surface methodology (RSM), firefly algorithm (FA), and annealing treatment. The packing time, cooling time, and melt temperature were shown to be significant parameters and FA was employed to seek these suitable values by experimental tests based on simulation software Moldex3D and injection machine. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to validate experiments. Annealing treatment process was then applied to reduce more warpage phenomenon; the results showed that warpage phenomenon decreased dramatically compared with popular optimized parameter methodology. Moreover, the residual stress which was obtained by using photoelasticity showed that it has a direct relationship with warpage reduction. Therefore, the best solution of warpage mitigation can be solved by popular optimum process parameters and also annealing treatment.
      1
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    Antibacterial and mechanical properties of the TiO2/ABS composites
    (2017-01-01)
    Sangkatip, Rittichai
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    The aim of this present work is to enhance photoantibacterial performance on a surface of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) by mixing titanium dioxide (TiO<inf>2</inf>). The influences of different ratios for TiO<inf>2</inf> under UV light irradiation were investigated according to JIS Z 2801: 2010 standard. 0.5%, 1% and 2% TiO<inf>2</inf>/ABS were formed by melting process with internal mixer and compression molding process. E.coli were chosen as a model of bacteria. The best photoantibacterial activity was provided by 0.5% TiO<inf>2</inf>/ABS. The result showed that E.coli could reduce up to 46.95%. However, a higher amount of TiO<inf>2</inf> (i.e., 1% and 2% TiO<inf>2</inf>/ABS) obstructed the reaction, and E.coli was reduced to 42.6% and 36.08%, respectively. This was due to its aggregation observed from SEM image. For mechanical properties for TiO<inf>2</inf>/ABS, The results showed that tensile modulus and tensile strength of blending TiO<inf>2</inf> at 0.5 %wt was the highest but the tensile was decreased when increasing TiO<inf>2</inf> in polymer blended.
      1