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Citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose edible films: A case study on preserving freshness in bananas
(2024-05-01)
Nongnual, Teeranan
;
Butprom, Nattawut
;
Boonsang, Siridech
;
Kaewpirom, Supranee
The study involves the preparation and characterization of crosslinked-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films using varying amounts of citric acid (CA) within the range 5 %–20 %, w/w, relative to the dry weight of CMC. Through techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, carbonyl content analysis, and gel fraction measurements, the successful crosslinking between CMC and CA is confirmed. The investigation includes an analysis of chemical structure, physical and optical characteristics, swelling behavior, water vapor transmission rate, moisture content, and surface morphologies. The water resistance of the cross-linked CMC films exhibited a significant improvement when compared to the non-crosslinked CMC film. The findings indicated that films crosslinked with 10 % CA demonstrated favorable properties for application as edible coatings. These transparent films, ideal for packaging, prove effective in preserving the quality and sensory attributes of fresh bananas, including color retention, minimized weight loss, slowed ripening through inhibiting amyloplast degradation, and enhanced firmness during storage.
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The effects of genetic groups, and age on the chemical composition, physical properties, and somatic cell count of raw buffalo milk
(2022-07-01)
Mettamehtar, K.
;
Tuntivisoottikul, K.
;
Takeungwongtrakul, S.
The genetic groups of the buffaloes influenced all the chemical compositional traits (P<0.05), and some physical properties, such as the percentage of citric acid content, and the milk urea nitrogen concentration (P<0.01). Milk from Swamp buffaloes had the highest percentage of fat content (11.1%) compared to purebred Murrah (7.9%) and 75%Murrah crossbreeds (8.2%), but it was not statistically different from the 50% Murrah crossbreeds (9.5%). Similar results were found in the percentages of protein, solid-not-fat, and total solids content. The purebred Murrah showed the highest average lactose content (4.9%), but it did not statistically differ from those of the 50% Murrah crossbreeds (4.6%) and Swamp buffalo (4.5%). The highest citric acid content was found in the Swamp buffaloes (0.20%), while the lowest of the trait was observed in the 100%Murrah. The Swamp buffaloes and the 50% Murrah crossbreeds had higher averages of urea concentration than the 100% Murrah and the 75% Murrah crossbreeds. The age of the animals in different genetic groups did not affect most of the studied traits (P>0.05), except the percentage of milk fat content, the percentage of citric acid and the percentage of urea concentration (P<0.05). The 50%Murrah crossbreeds and Swamp buffaloes which were older than 9 years old which had higher averages of fat content than the other groups. The highest citric acid content average was found in the 50%Murrah crossbreeds which were older than 9 years old, and the highest urea concentration average was detected in milk from the 50% Murrah crossbreeds which were younger than 7 years old.
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Property improvement of biodegradable citric acid-crosslinked rice starch films by calcium oxide
(2021-12-15)
Sornsumdaeng, Kittichai
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Seeharaj, Panpailin
;
Prachayawarakorn, Jutarat
Due to several important limitations for packaging applications of starch film such as strength and hydrophilicity, rice starch (Oryza sativa) film was crosslinked with citric acid and modified by different contents of calcium oxide. FTIR spectra showed the evidence of crosslinking by citric acid and the presence of calcium oxide in the modified rice starch films. After the crosslinking, the decrease of degree of crystallinity and swelling including the increase of film smoothness and strain at maximum load were observed. The application of both citric acid and calcium oxide caused greater decrease of swelling, moisture uptake as well as higher stiffness and antibacterial activity than those of the use of only the citric acid. The highest stiffness and antibacterial activity were found for the crosslinked film added by 5 wt% calcium oxide. Moreover, the effect of calcium oxide contents on morphological, thermal and biodegradable properties of the crosslinked films was also investigated.
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Valorization of banana peel for citric acid production under solid state fermentation with aspergillus Niger
(2020-01-01)
Chysirichote, T.
Valorization of banana peel (BP) through solid state fermentation (SSF) was aimed in this research. The appropriate conditions of citric acid (CA) production by SSF of Aspergillus Niger were investigated. Firstly, the optimum initial pH of the BP and the aeration rate were studied by conducting SSF in a 250-mL flask and 2-L glass column, respectively. It was found that the initial pH of the BP and aeration rates affected the CA production. The results showed that the initial pH of 5.0 and 1.0 vvm aeration were appropriate for the CA production of A. Niger using BP as a substrate. The problem of rising temperature during SSF was found when applying the optimum condition to the SSF in the 20-L packed bed bioreactor (PBB), which caused a decrease in the CA production compared to that of the glass column. The cooling air jacket constructed to the PBB to remove the heat during the SSF helped increase the CA production from that in the PBB. The maximum CA production in the 20-L air-jacketed PBB was 124.0±19.2 mg g<sup>-1</sup><inf>DS</inf>.

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