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Enhanced Photocatalytic and Biological Properties of Cellulose Cotton Fabric Coated with Carboxyethyl Chitosan/Zinc Oxide Bio-nanocomposite
(2025-09-01)
Ayu, Mutiara
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Siriphannon, Punnama
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Monvisade, Pathavuth
This study developed a CECS/ZnO-functionalized cotton fiber sheets as a single-use filter layer for face masks, with enhanced antibacterial and photocatalytic properties. Cotton fiber sheets were modified with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using a dip-coating method, with and without carboxyethyl chitosan (CECS) as a binder and stabilizing agent. The fiber sheets were treated with 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 M Zn(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>2</inf> solutions, followed by hydrothermal synthesis in NH<inf>4</inf>OH (Zn:NH<inf>4</inf>OH = 1:2) at 100 °C for 1 h. The study successfully demonstrated ZnO NPs formation on cotton sheets, producing ZnO-immobilized cotton sheets (Cf/Zn). Higher Zn<sup>2</sup>⁺ concentrations promoted greater nucleation of ZnO nanoparticles. However, they also caused particle agglomeration, which reduced the surface area and weakened ZnO adhesion to the cotton fibers. This presents a significant challenge in achieving a uniform nanoparticle distribution. However, the introduction of carboxyethyl chitosan (CECS) (Cf/CECS/Zn) as a binder and stabilizer represents a novel approach that showed a superior ZnO adhesion, better particle distribution, and higher Zn content than untreated Cf/Zn. Among the samples, Cf/CECS/Zn0.1 exhibited the highest Zn content (154 ppm), the highest antibacterial zone diameter (29.39 mm), and the most effective photocatalytic activity (65.66%). While both Cf/Zn and Cf/CECS/Zn demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. aureus, Cf/CECS/Zn0.1 showed superior performance, with low cytotoxicity confirmed by Vero cell viability tests. The treated fibers also displayed enhanced hydrophobic and photocatalytic properties. These results demonstrate the potential of CECS-modified ZnO-immobilized cotton sheets for advanced healthcare filtration applications, offering enhanced antibacterial, photocatalytic, and non-toxic properties.
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Effect of concentrated natural rubber latex on the properties and degradation behavior of cotton-fiber-reinforced cassava starch biofoam
(2017-12-01)
Sanhawong, Wanchinee
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Banhalee, Pakamas
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Boonsang, Siridech
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Kaewpirom, Supranee
Eco-friendly starch biofoams derived from natural rubber were fabricated in this study. To overcome their two main shortcomings, i.e., lack of flexibility and susceptibility to moisture, cotton fiber and concentrated natural rubber latex (CNRL) were incorporated into the biofoam products. Cotton-fiber-reinforced cassava starch biofoams were successfully prepared by compression molding using water as the solvent, a processing aid, and a blowing agent. The morphology and the physical, flexural, and thermal properties of the starch biofoams as a function of the CNRL content were investigated. The moisture adsorption capacity of the foam decreased with increasing CNRL content up to 5 phr (−73.4% and −41.78% at 0 and 100% RH, respectively). With increasing CNRL content, the hydrophobicity of the biofoam increased, as evidenced by contact angle measurements; this result suggested better moisture resistance and dimensional stability. The flexural properties of the biofoams were tuned by adjusting the CNRL content. With the addition of the CNRL content of 2.5 phr, the elongation of the biofoam clearly improved by 24%, with an acceptable decrease (−2.2%) in the bending modulus. Biodegradation by the soil burial test revealed that the degradation of the biofoam mainly proceeds by hydrolysis, and the addition of CNRL retards the degradation of the biofoam.
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Capacitive performance of binder-free carbon/carbon composite cryogels
(2013-01-01)
Kraiwattanawong, Kriangsak
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Sano, Noriaki
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Tamon, Hajime
A carbon/carbon (C/C) composite cryogel was prepared by pouring a resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) sol into vials containing cotton fibers, followed by solvent exchange with t-butanol, freeze drying and pyrolysis under inert atmosphere. The porous properties of C/C composites were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption, and their mesopore texture was observed by a scanning electron microscope. The capacitive performance of C/C composites was also analyzed by galvanostatic charge/discharge method and cyclic voltammetry. The results demonstrate that the capacitance can be increased with the increase of amount of cotton fibers added to C/C composites, because the broader micropore size distribution and the carbon tunnels of C/C composites promote the charge propagation inside the pore structure. The suitable pore texture and the carbon tunnels can play the crucial role relevant to the high surface area in order to obtain the high capacitance value. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Carbon tunnels formed in carbon/carbon composite cryogels
(2012-05-01)
Kraiwattanawong, Kriangsak
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Sano, Noriaki
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Tamon, Hajime
A carbon/carbon (C/C) composite cryogel was prepared by putting almost the maximum content of cotton fibers in vials and then filling them with resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) sols, followed by solvent exchange with t-butanol, freeze drying and pyrolysis under inert atmosphere. The mesopore structure of C/C composite cryogels was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and their porous structures were characterized by nitrogen adsorption and mercury porosimetry. The SEM images confirm that the C/C composite cryogels, being heterogeneous carbon materials, possess ordinary carbon cryogels and carbon tunnels. Here, the tunnels are comprised of (i) carbon fibers, (ii) spaces between carbon fibers and nanoporous carbon spheres, (iii) nanoporous carbon spheres with surrounding nanocages, and (iv) dense ring structures. The formation model of carbon tunnels is also proposed. The porous properties of cryogels could be changed by the cotton fiber addition and the synthesis conditions. The results support that the synthesis condition of RF sol determines the porous properties of C/C composite cryogels. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Properties of thermoplastic rice starch composites reinforced by cotton fiber or low-density polyethylene
(2010-06-11)
Prachayawarakorn, J.
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Sangnitidej, P.
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Boonpasith, P.
Biodegradable polymer was prepared from thermoplastic rice starch (TPRS) plasticized by glycerol. In order to improve poor tensile properties and high water absorption of the TPRS, cotton fiber or low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were added into the TPRS matrix. The effect of maleic anhydride-grafted-polyethylene (MAPE) and vinyltrimethoxy silane (VTMS) compatibilizers on properties of the TPRS/LDPE specimens were also studied. The TPRS/cotton fiber, TPRS/LDPE, TPRS/LDPE/MAPE and TPRS/LDPE/VTMS samples were analyzed for tensile and morphological properties. The results showed that the incorporation of either cotton fiber or LDPE into the TPRS matrix caused the considerable improvement of tensile strength and Young's modulus. Moreover, water absorption of the TPRS samples was clearly reduced by the inclusion of cotton fiber or LDPE. In addition, phase morphology, thermal stability and biodegradability were carried out for different TPRS samples. Crown Copyright © 2010.

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