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    Biogas effluent treatment by Landoltia punctata for starch biomass production
    (2023-05-01)
    Kirdponpattara, Suchata
    ;
    Kittiwongwattana, Chokchai
    ;
    Phisalaphong, Muenduen
    ;
    Chanroj, Salil
    ;
    Sriariyanun, Malinee
    Due to the high potential of using Landoltia punctata in biogas effluent treatment and starch accumulation, three integrated processes were proposed: (1) bioethanol production from duckweed, (2) biogas production from vinasse, and (3) biogas effluent treatment with sequentially increasing starch-rich duckweed biomass. This recent work focuses only on the third process, which involves the treatment of wastewater from biogas effluent and the production of L. punctata with high starch content. L. punctata showed a significantly higher TKN removal and biomass production than Lemna aequinoctialis. After nine days of wastewater treatment and five days of starch accumulation, L. punctata grew by 4.3 g/m<sup>2</sup>/day, with 44.4% starch content. NH<inf>3</inf>, NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>, and PO<inf>4</inf><sup>3−</sup> in the biogas effluent were rapidly utilized in the first three days for L. punctata's growth. The upregulation of AGPase genes in the starch biosynthesis pathway was observed when the environmental conditions changed in both nutrient starvation and population reduction. Production of starch-rich L. punctata using biogas effluent is a sustainable feedstock for the bioethanol process. Moreover, L. punctata-based stabilization pond is a promising technique for biogas effluent treatment.
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    The Effect of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on the Development of Duckweed (Lemna minor) in Co-Culture with Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)
    (2023-05-01)
    Luo, Jie
    ;
    Chien, Yew Hu
    ;
    Taparhudee, Wara
    ;
    Kitikiew, Suwaree
    ;
    Kantha, Phunsin
    The effects of artificial light source and photoperiod on duckweed (Lemna minor) growth and the impact of duckweed on red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) growth in an aquaponic culture are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate: 1) effects of light source and photoperiod on growth of duckweed and water quality, and 2) the effects of feeding red tilapia with different ratios of duckweed: artificial feed. In Phase I, three different artificial light sources (LED white light, T5 fluorescent white light, and LED blue light) were used and then a consecutive experiment was conducted using LED white light with three different photoperiods: 24:0, 16:8, and 12:12 (light:dark). In Phase II, red tilapia were fed with three feeding regimes made up of different percentages (by weight) of duckweed (0%, 5%, and 10%) to artificial pellet feed. Overall, our results suggest that using LED white light with a photoperiod of 16:8 (light:dark) was effective for maximizing duckweed growth in aquaponic culture and consequently resulted in lowest total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and NO<inf>2</inf>-, and that replacing pellet feed with duckweed at 5% or 10% can increase the growth rate of red tilapia.