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    Effect of sputtering power on optical properties of nickel oxide electrochromic thin films
    (2020-01-01)
    Panprom, P.
    ;
    Sritonwong, P.
    ;
    Limwichian, S.
    ;
    Eiamchai, P.
    ;
    Patthanasettakul, V.
    The preparation and characterization of nickel oxide (NiO) thin film for electrochromic smart window applications are studied. The NiO thin film was prepared by the DC magnetron sputtering from a pure nickel target. The sputtering power was varies in the interval 50–200 W. The crystallinity and physical morphology of NiO films are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The XRD result revealed that polycrystalline NiO thin films with preferred growth directions along (111) and (200) planes are obtained. Moreover, the electrochromic property of NiO thin films was investigated with a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The colored state of the electrochromic cell was obtained by the ion insertion at the 1-V external applied bias in 0.1 M KOH. The reversibility between the colored and bleached states is confirmed by the optical transmittance. The result shows the optical contrast as high as 28.68.
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    Effects of Zn-dopant on structural properties and electrochromic performance of sol-gel derived NiO thin films
    (2015-06-01)
    Noonuruk, Russameeruk
    ;
    Mekprasart, Wanichaya
    ;
    Pecharapa, Wisanu
    Zn-doped NiO thin films were prepared by sol-gel spin-coating method onto transparent conducting substrates using nickel acetate tetrahydrate and zinc acetate dehydrate as starting precursors. Effects of zinc doping content on the structural, optical and electrochromic properties of NiO films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, UV-VIS spectrophotometer and cyclic voltammetry. The results reveal that Zn doping has significant influence on crystallinity deterioration, surface topography alternation and electrochromic performance of the films. The expansion of active surface area due to reduced crystallinity of the films resulting to the increase of charge transfer in the electrochemical reaction. It is indicated that electrochromic performance of sol-gel derived NiO films can be ameliorated by the incorporation of Zn additive at specific content.
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    Effect of sputtering power on physical properties and electrochromic performance of sputtered-WO3 thin films
    (2013-10-29)
    Noonuruk, Russameeruk
    ;
    Paipitak, Khanokkorn
    ;
    Horprathum, Mati
    ;
    Techitdheera, Wichan
    ;
    Porntheeraphat, Supanit
    Tungsten oxide (WO<inf>3</inf>) electrochromic thin films were deposited onto F-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates using DC sputtering of tungsten target in presence of oxygen and argon gas. Asdeposited films were prepared with different sputtering power at 50 W, 100W and 200W. The effect of power on structural, surface morphology optical and electrochromic properties of the WO<inf>3</inf> thin films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, UV-VIS spectrophotometer and Cyclic voltammetry, respectively. The XRD results show that the crystalline of WO<inf>3</inf> can be identified an orientation growth along (222) plane. The average grain size evaluated from SEM image is approximately 200 nm. The films deposited at power of 200 W exhibited better electrochromic properties with greatest optical modulation (ΔT) value of ΔT = 31.2% at λ= 550 nm. The cyclic voltammograms (CV) of WO<inf>3</inf> thin films evidently exhibited that the WO<inf>3</inf> films prepared at power of 200 W displayed the superior electrochromic performance, compared to the others. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
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    Influence of Ti and Zn dopants on structural properties and electrochromic performance of Sol-Gel derived WO3 thin films
    (2013-01-01)
    Paipitak, Kanokkorn
    ;
    Techitdheera, Wicharn
    ;
    Porntheeraphat, Supanit
    ;
    Pecharapa, Wisanu
    The influence of different transition metals doping (Ti and Zn) on structural properties and electrochromic adjustment and performance of sol-gel derived WO<inf>3</inf> thin films was conducted and investigated. Ti-doped WO<inf>3</inf> and Zn-doped WO<inf>3</inf> thin films were deposited onto F-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates using spin coating technique. Tungsten powder, Titanium butoxide and zinc acetate dehydrate were used as starting precursors. The as-deposited films were annealed at 500 °C for 2 h. The effect of Ti and Zn doping on structural, surface morphologies, optical properties of the films were examined using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The XRD analyses suggest that the crystalline of WO<inf>3</inf> can be identified as a monoclinic WO <inf>3</inf> structure. XRD results additionally indicate the existence of ZnWO<inf>4</inf> structure in the Zn-doped films, which is clearly observed by SEM. The optical measurement of all films indicate good transparency in the visible region and near infrared region with more than 60% in transmittance. In addition, It was found that the electrochromic performance of WO<inf>3</inf> can be enhanced by small doping concentration of titanium due to structural modification of the films caused by close ionic radius of Ti to W rather than that of Zn. © 2013 The Authors.
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    Enhanced electrochromic performance of sol-gel derived WO 3 thin films assisted by electrospun PVA nanofibers
    (2012-10-29)
    Paipitak, K.
    ;
    Rattanarak, J.
    ;
    Pakdeeyingyong, D.
    ;
    Techitdheera, W.
    ;
    Porntheeraphat, S.
    The paper describes the results obtained on the enhanced electrochromic performance of Tungsten oxide (WO <inf>3</inf>) thin films assisted by electrospun PVA nanofibers. WO <inf>3</inf> was fabricated by spin coating technique with tungsten powder as starting precursor. The effect of electrospun-PVA nanofibers layer on structural, chemical composition, surface morphology and electrochromic properties of the films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photo-emission spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The XRD analysis suggested that the crystalline of WO <inf>3</inf> can be identified as a monoclinic WO <inf>3</inf> structure. XPS investigations also confirmed the existence of characteristic peaks of W. The significant enhancement of electrochromic properties of the films is achieved by additive electrospun-PVA nanofiber layer. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.