KMITL

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://dspace.kmitl.ac.th/handle/123456789/1

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 18

Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Sustainable Production of Biomethanol and Its Environmental Impacts
(2025-01-01)
Detchusananard, Thanaphorn
;
Im-Orb, Karittha
;
Wiranarongkorn, Kunlanan
;
Chen, Yong Song
;
Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
Utilizing biomass and biogas sourced from various organic waste materials as renewable feedstocks for biomethanol production offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum oil, and natural gas. This chapter provides an exploration of several technologies employed in biomethanol production, including biomass gasification, biomass pyrolysis, and biogas upgrading. Syngas production and conditioning, methanol synthesis and separation, and integrating systems with other renewable energy sources are found to be crucial stages towards achieving sustainable production. The chapter comprehensively evaluates the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of each biomethanol production process. Furthermore, it delves into ongoing efforts to improve and develop biomethanol-production processes to achieve the carbon neutrality goals. The chapter also outlines emerging trends and future research directions in the field of biomethanol production.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Techno-economic performance analysis of biomass-to-methanol with solid oxide electrolyzer for sustainable bio-methanol production
(2024-12-30)
Detchusananard, Thanaphorn
;
Wiranarongkorn, Kunlanan
;
Im-orb, Karittha
The analysis of the technical and economic performance of an integrated biomass to methanol and solid oxide electrolysis process (BtM-SOEC) is studied to find more sustainable process of bio-methanol production. The oil palm empty fruit branch (EFB) which is abundant in Thailand is used as biomass feedstock. Modeling of the BtM-SOEC is done using Aspen Plus. For technical aspects, the production rate of oxygen and hydrogen from the SOEC can be enhanced through an appropriate adjustment of the number of cells and cell temperature. The BtM-SOEC offers higher methanol yield and overall efficiency, while consumes less energy than the conventional biomass to methanol process (BtM). The maximum methanol production rate of 0.4995 kmol hr−1 derived from BtM-SOEC is achieved at a number of cells of 325 cells and a cell temperature of 700 °C, at this condition the overall efficiency is 64.79 %. The economic assessment indicates that the conventional BtM and BtM-SOEC are still not economically feasible. However, the conventional BtM is more economically feasible than the BtM-SOEC. The methanol cost of BtM-SOEC can turn out to be economically feasible when renewable electricity cost and SOEC cost decrease substantially. The methanol cost of the BtM-SOEC (620 USD ton−1) can be competitive to that of the BtM (703 USD ton−1) when the cost of input renewable electricity decreases by 80 %. Consequently, this research highlights the potential of BtM-SOEC from agricultural residues for sustainable bio-methanol production in the future market condition that the cost of renewable electricity tends to continuously decrease with the technology development and increased technology adoption and the carbon policy tends to be tightened to relieve global warming.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Carbon-neutral synfuel production via continuous solar H2O and CO2 gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunch
(2023-10-15)
Chuayboon, Srirat
;
Abanades, Stéphane
Solar gasification offers a promising carbon-neutral pathway to thermochemically convert waste biomass and solar energy into synfuel. In this study, a thermodynamic analysis of solar gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) with H<inf>2</inf>O and CO<inf>2</inf> gasifying agents was first performed to predict equilibrium product distribution. Subsequently, on-sun continuous solar gasification of EFB was experimentally carried out in a solar particle-fed gasifier to evaluate the influence of gasifying agent types (H<inf>2</inf>O and CO<inf>2</inf>), gasifying agent/EFB molar ratios (1.8–3.4), temperatures (1050–1350 °C), and to assess overall process feasibility and reliability. As a result, solar EFB gasification performed efficiently with both H<inf>2</inf>O and CO<inf>2</inf> gasifying agents under continuous on-sun operation. Syngas product composition and gasification reaction rate strongly depended on gasifying agent type. Increasing temperature enhanced syngas yield and quality, and changed the CO/H<inf>2</inf> mole ratio, especially in EFB + CO<inf>2</inf> gasification. A gasifying agent/EFB molar ratio of 2.6 (slight excess of gasifying agents) and a temperature of 1300 °C were shown to be optimal for continuous solar EFB gasification. The maximum total syngas yield above 76 mmol/g<inf>dry_EFB</inf>, syngas lower heating value above 22 kJ/g<inf>dry_EFB</inf>, and energy upgrade factor above 1.37 were achieved from both EFB + H<inf>2</inf>O and EFB + CO<inf>2</inf> gasification, which closely approached their theoretical equilibrium values. The maximum carbon conversion exceeding 93% and solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency up to 19.3% were achieved, demonstrating efficient EFB-to-synfuel conversion performance. Continuous solar EFB gasification with both H<inf>2</inf>O and CO<inf>2</inf> was thus established to be a reliable process for EFB waste biomass valorization into high-quality and carbon-neutral synfuel.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Sustainability analysis of the bio-dimethyl ether (bio-DME) production via integrated biomass gasification and direct DME Synthesis Process
(2023-05-01)
Im-orb, Karittha
;
Piroonlerkgul, Pakorn
The sustainability analysis based on life cycle assessment (LCA) of bio-dimethyl ether (bio-DME) production via an integrated biomass gasification and direct DME synthesis (IBG-DME) process, using oil palm residue as feedstock, was performed. The IBG-DME process was simulated in Aspen plus. Operating at selected condition, the IBG-DME was an exothermic process, whereas for 1 kg h−1 of oil palm trunk, bio-DME of 0.3456 kg h−1 and bio-methanol of 0.015 kg h−1 were produced as main product and by product, respectively, with energy efficiency at 59.5%. The energy consumption increased as gasifying temperature increased and reached thermal self-sufficient condition at approximately 890 °C but the CO<inf>2</inf> emission showed opposite trend. LCA result indicated that the carbon footprint of each unit operation relied on the energy consumption. For biomass gasification section, the global warming potential (GWP) accounted for approximately 91% of the total impact. The DME production section highly contributed toward the ozone depletion potential (ODP), eco-toxicity (ET), and human toxicity-non-carcinogenics (HTNC) whereas the syngas cleaning and conditioning section highly contributed toward GWP, human toxicity potential by ingestion (HTPI), and aquatic toxicity potential (ATP). The endpoint impact on the ecosystem were higher than the human health for all process sections.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Thermal Behavior of Biomass under Thermochemical Treatment at Different Air Fluxes in an Updraft Reactor
(2023-05-01)
Wasinarom, Kittipass
;
Sungworagarn, Sarawut
;
Sathitruangsak, Prasan
;
Singmai, Wichean
;
Onthong, Kasemsil
Thermochemical treatment was investigated experimentally at different air fluxes in an updraft reactor. The test rig was equipped with a special attached door that will open at a specific time step. This unique feature allows investigators to obtain information on the packed bed color variation along the different heights of the reactor that evolves at different points in time. The analysis focused on the temperature dynamics obtained from installed thermocouples with the packed bed color variation at each time step. The investigation was conducted for three different supply air mass fluxes, which were 670, 480, and 190 kg/m2h. The general thermal behavior is addressed in the first part of the paper because it is similar for all different input air mass fluxes. Next, the distinctive operation parameters among different air mass fluxes are discussed; these included the hot spot zone, fuel conversion characteristic, temperature distribution, heat transfer, and kinetic activities along the height of the reactor.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Continuous solar-driven gasification of oil palm agricultural bio waste for high-quality syngas production
(2022-12-01)
Chuayboon, Srirat
;
Abanades, Stéphane
Empty fruit bunch (EFB) from oil palm is a solid agricultural bio-waste obtained from the edible oil process. Continuous solar-driven gasification of EFB offers a bright carbon–neutral avenue to convert both EFB bio-waste and renewable solar energy into sustainable and clean syngas. High-temperature concentrated solar heat is used to provide the reaction enthalpy, and therefore biomass waste feedstock is entirely dedicated to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide (syngas). Solar energy is stored as a high-quality syngas and can be easily transported as a convertible and dispatchable chemical form. In this study, the performance of continuous steam gasification of EFB, fully powered by concentrated solar heat, was experimentally investigated in a solar gasification reactor. Experiments were carried out with continuous EFB biomass injection to evaluate the influence of temperature (1100–1300 °C) and biomass feeding rate (0.5–1.8 g/min). As a result, syngas yields and reactor performance were substantially enhanced by rising the EFB feeding rate and gasification temperature. An optimal EFB biomass feeding rate enabling maximum gasification performance was found to be 1.4 g/min at 1300 °C and 1.0 g/min at 1200 °C. Carbon conversion approaching 97%, energy upgrade factor of 1.38, and solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency up to 20% were demonstrated. Finally, the maximum syngas yield was found to be 81.1 mmol/g<inf>dry biomass</inf> at 1300 °C (with H<inf>2</inf> and CO as the main constituents), closely approaching the maximum theoretical expected value reached at thermodynamic equilibrium (85.2 mmol/g<inf>dry biomass</inf>). Combining concentrated solar energy and biomass waste gasification was shown to be a promising and sustainable pathway toward waste valorization into carbon–neutral solar fuels.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Influence of bed materials on the performance of the Nong Bua dual fluidized bed gasification power plant in Thailand
(2022-08-01)
Siriwongrungson, Vilailuck
;
Hongrapipat, Janjira
;
Kuba, Matthias
;
Rauch, Reinhard
;
Pang, Shusheng
Bed materials and their catalytic activity are two main parameters that affect the performance of the dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasification system in terms of product gas composition and tar levels. Two sources of bed materials were used for the operation of a commercial DFB gasification system in Thailand, using woodchips as a biomass feedstock. One source of the bed materials was the calcined olivine which had been used in the Gussing Plant, Austria, and the other activated bed material was a mixture of fresh Chinese olivine and used Austrian olivine with additives of biomass ash, calcium hydroxide and dolomite. These bed materials were collected and analysed for morphological and chemical composition using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The product gas was cleaned in a scrubber to remove tars, from which the samples were collected for gravimetric tar analysis. Its composition data was automatically recorded at the operation site before it entered the gas engine. From the SEM, EDS and XRF analyses, calcium-rich layers around the bed materials were observed on the activated bed material. The inner layers of bed materials collected were homogeneous. Biomass ash, which was generally added to the bed materials, had significant calcium and potassium content. These calcium-rich layers of the bed materials, from the calcium hydroxide, biomass ash and dolomite, influenced system performance, which was determined by observing lower tar concentration and higher hydrogen concentration in the product gas.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Comparative techno-economic assessment of bio-methanol and bio-DME production from oil palm residue
(2022-04-15)
Im-orb, Karittha
;
Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
The techno-economic assessment was performed to investigate and compare the production of bio-methanol and bio-dimethyl ether (bio-DME) via the combined gasification and chemical synthesis processes (i.e., gasification-methanol (MeOH) and gasification-DME). The combined processes were simulated using oxygen as a gasifying agent and the oil palm trunk, the agricultural waste generated from the palm oil industry, as feedstock. The gasification-MeOH process offered a higher amount of valuable product (methanol) and released a larger amount of CO<inf>2</inf>. The energy analysis indicated the two biomass conversion processes were exothermic process. The gasification-DME process presented a higher biomass conversion efficiency of 59.5% compared to 47.6% of the gasification-MeOH. The pinch analysis of gasification-MeOH and the gasification-DME processes indicated threshold pinch that required only cold utility of 0.5542 kW and 0.7258 kW, respectively. Regarding the economic aspect, the two processes were still not economically feasible, and the methanol and DME prices and the project lifetime influenced their economic performance. However, due to the high product price, the gasification-DME process was approximately 7% more economically feasible than the gasification-MeOH process.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Formation of multiple combustion fronts in an imbert downdraft gasification reactor
(2021-09-10)
Wasinarom, Kittipass
;
Sungworagarn, Sarawut
;
Sathitruangsak, Prasan
;
Onthong, Kasemsil
The experimental study of downdraft gasification was performed in this paper. The operation which led to the formation of the second combustion front was pointed out. In this situation, both combustion fronts will lose their intensity and finally be extinguished. The operation was unintentionally stopped. It was revealed that the combustion front propagated upward in the reactor after starting the test. While it was about to reach the air inlet nozzle, the second combustion front was detected by an abrupt temperature rise of the thermocouple above the air supply nozzle. After the formation of the second combustion front, both fronts started to lose their intensity which indicated by the decrease in temperature corresponding with their locations. It was possible that the second combustion front would dilute the oxygen concentration supplied to the first combustion front. The decreasing temperature of the first combustion front reduced the heat transfer rate to the second combustion front. Finally, both combustion fronts were extinguished. The operation was unintentionally stopped.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Novel biorefinery-Integrated-Kraft-pulping network for sustainable development
(2021-06-01)
Mongkhonsiri, Ghochapon
;
Anantpinijwatna, Amata
;
Charoensuppanimit, Pongtorn
;
Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
;
Gani, Rafiqul
Integration of the biorefinery concept to the existing Kraft-pulping process is undertaken to achieve a more sustainable development. This paper aims at developing a novel biorefinery-integrated-Kraft-pulping network with improved profitability, energy self-sufficiency and minimum CO<inf>2</inf> emission by employing technologies consisting of biofuel and biochemical productions, biomass gasification together with CO<inf>2</inf> capture and utilization. Three scenarios, including (I) the production of gasification-based dimethyl ether (DME); (II) the co-production of DME and succinic acid; and (III) the co-production of DME and succinic acid coupled with the CO<inf>2</inf> utilization, have been investigated. Among all scenarios, Scenario II exhibits the best economic performances as highlighted by the 74% increase of profit compared to the conventional process. Scenario III achieves the highest energy efficiency at 39% and an improved environmental performance due to the 65% reduction of CO<inf>2</inf> emission compared to the conventional process with only 0.7% profit reduction. Comparing to the biorefinery-integrated-Soda-pulping networks proposed by the previous work, the biorefinery-integrated-Kraft-pulping networks show higher performance on both economic and environmental improvements. Thereby confirming that the integration of the biorefinery network can improve the sustainability and enhance the economic benefit of the Kraft-pulping process beyond the conventional process.

KMITL

Browse

Filters

Settings

Sort By

Results per page

Search Results