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Subject: search.filters.subject.Perovskite solar cell

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    Effect of GeI2 and GeBr2 incorporation on perovskite properties and performance of carbon-based perovskite solar cells
    (2023-04-01)
    Aunping, Namfon
    ;
    Kumlangwan, Pantiwa
    ;
    Towannang, Madsakorn
    ;
    Chanlek, Narong
    ;
    Kumnorkaew, Pisist
    CH<inf>3</inf>NH<inf>3</inf>PbI<inf>3</inf> (MAPbI<inf>3</inf>) film was prepared by a convective method, and its X-ray diffraction spectrum displays the tetragonal perovskite structure. GeI<inf>2</inf> and GeBr<inf>2</inf> powders dissolve poorly in a mixed dimethylformamide-dimethylsulfoxide (DMF-DMSO) solvent, but the introduction of 5 wt% 5-ammonium valeric acid iodide (5-AVAI) into the mixed DMF-DMSO solvent greatly promotes GeI<inf>2</inf> and GeBr<inf>2</inf> solubility. XRD spectra of the (5-AVAI)MAPbI<inf>3</inf>, MAGe<inf>x</inf>Pb<inf>1–x</inf>I<inf>3</inf>, and MAGe<inf>x</inf>Pb<inf>1–x</inf>Br<inf>2x</inf>I<inf>3–2x</inf> (x = 0.0625 and 0.125) films exhibit a tetragonal perovskite structure, but the film morphologies become rougher than that of the pristine MAPbI<inf>3</inf> film. Discontinuous islands are formed on MAGe<inf>x</inf>Pb<inf>1–x</inf>I<inf>3</inf> and MAGe<inf>x</inf>Pb<inf>1–x</inf>Br<inf>2x</inf>I<inf>3–2x</inf> (x = 0.125) films. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analysis detected the Ge element on all Ge-doped films. The best performance levels of the carbon-based hole transport layer-free MAGe<inf>x</inf>Pb<inf>1–x</inf>I<inf>3–x</inf> (x = 0.0625, η= 3.63%) and MAGe<inf>x</inf>Pb<inf>1–x</inf>Br<inf>2x</inf>I<inf>3–2x</inf> (x = 0.0625, η = 2.95%) perovskite solar cells are lower than that of the pristine MAPbI<inf>3</inf>–based perovskite solar cell (η = 5.28%). This is likely due to the increased surface roughness, pin-holes, isolated islands, and the decreased light absorbance of the Ge-doped films in comparison with the pristine MAPbI<inf>3</inf> film.
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    Polarization phase shifting for thickness measurement of NiO material transport layer using Sagnac interferometer
    (2023-01-01)
    Usman, Abdullahi
    ;
    Thonglim, Pachara
    ;
    Bhatranand, Apichai
    ;
    Pimanpang, Samuk
    ;
    Buranasiri, Prathan
    The optical interferometric technique with polarization phase shifting has been realized as one of the most important techniques for optical non-contact measurements. However, the measurement of thin film thickness using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been inconvenient due to the high cost of maintenance. This research aims to measure the thickness of the Hole Transport Material Nickel (II) oxide (NiO) layer deposited on a glass substrate (NiO/FTO layer) using phase shifting in a Sagnac interferometer. In the experimental setup, the signal is split into the FTO reference arm and the NiO/FTO sample arm using a nonpolarizing beam splitter. The split signals are then detected through a balanced photodetector. By analyzing the signal intensities at polarization settings ranging from 0° to 90°, the phase shift and thickness of the NiO layer can be determined. In this study, a NiO thickness value of 281.64 nm was successfully achieved. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed measurement method, the percentage error between the proposed technique and the conventional SEM method was computed. The percentage error was found to be 0.23%. These results indicate that the proposed setup holds promise as a cost-effective alternative to SEM for measuring thin film thickness.
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    An unconventional blade coating for low-cost fabrication of PCDTBT: PC70BM polymer and CH3NH3PbIxCl3-x perovskite solar cells
    (2021-04-01)
    Kaewprajak, Anusit
    ;
    Kumnorkaew, Pisist
    ;
    Lohawet, Khathawut
    ;
    Duong, Binh
    ;
    Chonsut, Teantong
    A low-cost and unconventional blade coating technique, called convective deposition, has been introduced for PCDTBT:PC<inf>70</inf>BM polymer and CH<inf>3</inf>NH<inf>3</inf>PbI<inf>x</inf>Cl<inf>3-x</inf> perovskite solar cell fabrication. With the new technique, only 10–20 microliter droplets per one square inch substrate were used to deposit hole transporting material, as well as photoactive and electron transporting materials, sequentially to create a p-i-n structure solar cell. Thin film deposition and solar cell fabrication from the standard spin coating and the convective deposition were compared. Smaller and better distribution of PC<inf>70</inf>BM domain in the PCDTBT:PC<inf>70</inf>BM film was observed in the film prepared by the convective deposition. Unlike the conventional doctor-blade coating or the spin coating, the film thickness can simply be adjusted by the convective deposition speed. The highest averaged power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.34% was obtained from the polymer solar cell prepared by the convective deposition at the coating speed of 750 μm/s compared to 5.60% PCE from the spin coating at the speed of 2500 rpm. For perovskite solar cell, a heating stage was used during the convective deposition of perovskite ink, 10.61% PCE was achieved with the stage temperature of 70 °C and the 2500 μm/s deposition speed. Layer-by-layer deposition with the convective deposition used in this study offers benefits over the standard spin coating by reducing amount of material consumption in the fabrication process and being suitable for low-cost fabrication of other solution-based optoelectronic devices.