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    Item type:Publication,
    Hollow core-shell particles via NR latex seeded emulsion polymerization
    (2016-09-02)
    Wichaita, Waraporn
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    Polpanich, Duangporn
    ;
    ;
    Tangboriboonrat, Pramuan
    Natural rubber (NR)-based hollow latex (HL) particles have been prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate/divinyl benzene/acrylic acid (MMA/DVB/AA) monomers on NR seed. By using tert-butyl hydroperoxide/tetraethylene pentamine (t-BuHP/TEPA) as a redox initiator, the locus of polymerization was localized at the surface of the NR particle. After swelling with monomers, DVB in NR particle gradually moved outward to compensate the co-polymerization. Phase separation between the NR seed and the polymeric shell occurred and a void was subsequently formed at a MMA/DVB molar ratio of 2.7/1. The void cavity was enlarged when the monomer to seed (M/S) weight ratio was increased to 4/1. Without the necessity of any residual core removal, polydisperse NR-based hollow nanocomposites (298 ± 58 nm) possessing NR-P(MMA/DVB/AA) double-layered shell and a single void (155 ± 37 nm) were obtained. SEM images revealed an increase in surface roughness of the HL particle with increasing M/S weight ratios. The large specific surface area of these NR-based hollow nanocomposites (114.6 m<sup>2</sup>/g) with a 3.5 nm pore diameter indicates that the polymeric shell is mesoporous. The presence of carboxyl groups, as indicated by negative zeta potentials, can further facilitate surface functionalization. The large void cavity of these NR-based HL particles makes them particularly suited as delivery vehicle systems.
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    Item type:Publication,
    One-pot synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid hollow latex particles via Pickering and seeded emulsion polymerizations
    (2015-04-01)
    Narongthong, Jirawat
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    Nuasaen, Sukanya
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    ;
    Tangboriboonrat, Pramuan
    Hybrid hollow latex (HL) particles possessing poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) (P(St/AA)) as the inner shell, poly(divinyl benzene) (PDVB) as the outer shell, and silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) as the stabilizer were conveniently prepared via the combined Pickering and seeded emulsion polymerizations. P(St/AA) particles (435 nm) were used as seeds, DVB as a swollen and crosslink monomer, 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride as initiator, and SiNPs as Pickering stabilizer. Without core removal, solvent evaporation, and surface modification steps, the spherical, monodisperse, and non-collapsed HL-SiNPs particles (722 nm) with double shell polymer layer and a large void cavity (400 nm) were obtained. The presence of large cavity and double shell may enable these hybrid HL-SiNPs particles to be used as lightweight filler and/or white pigment in coatings.