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    Controlled reversible assembly of gold nanoparticles as a new colorimetric and sensitive detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
    (2020-07-25)
    Boonyuen, Usa
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    Praoparotai, Aun
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    Chamchoy, Kamonwan
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    Swangsri, Thitiluck
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    Warakulwit, Chompunuch
    Recently, several studies have examined possible applications of nanoparticles for the development of electronic and optical sensors. The plasmon absorbance of gold nanoparticles has been used extensively to study biomolecular processes, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent enzymatic reactions. In this report, we describe the development of gold nanoparticles as a new colorimetric and sensitive detection method of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency by means of controlled reversible assembly of gold nanoparticles. 3-nm polyvinylpyrrolidone/N,N′-dimethylaminopyridine-stabilized gold nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized and applied for an in vitro activity assay of 11 recombinant human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants. Differences in the activity of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants from different deficiency classes were readily detected using the synthesized gold nanoparticles. The developed method can be easily distinguished with color change by naked eye for the detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Moreover, we are the first to propose the segregation mechanism of polyvinylpyrrolidone/N,N′-dimethylaminopyridine-stabilized gold nanoparticles by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. The method enables visual detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, which could be further developed for diagnostic testing of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Combined effects of double mutations on catalytic activity and structural stability contribute to clinical manifestations of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
    (2021-12-01)
    Pakparnich, Phonchanan
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    Sudsumrit, Sirapapha
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    Imwong, Mallika
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    Chamchoy, Kamonwan
    Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzymopathy in humans, affecting ~ 500 million worldwide. A detailed study of the structural stability and catalytic activity of G6PD variants is required to understand how different mutations cause varying degrees of enzyme deficiency, reflecting the response of G6PD variants to oxidative stress. Furthermore, for G6PD double variants, investigating how two mutations jointly cause severe enzyme deficiency is important. Here, we characterized the functional and structural properties of nine G6PD variants: G6PD Gaohe, G6PD Mahidol, G6PD Shoklo, G6PD Canton, G6PD Kaiping, G6PD Gaohe + Kaiping, G6PD Mahidol + Canton, G6PD Mahidol + Kaiping and G6PD Canton + Kaiping. All variants were less catalytically active and structurally stable than the wild type enzyme, with G6PD double mutations having a greater impact than single mutations. G6PD Shoklo and G6PD Canton + Kaiping were the least catalytically active single and double variants, respectively. The combined effects of two mutations were observed, with the Canton mutation reducing structural stability and the Kaiping mutation increasing it in the double mutations. Severe enzyme deficiency in the double mutants was mainly determined by the trade-off between protein stability and catalytic activity. Additionally, it was demonstrated that AG1, a G6PD activator, only marginally increased G6PD enzymatic activity and stability.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Hollow natural rubber latex particles as bio-based alternative white pigment for coating applications
    (2022-11-15)
    Promlok, Duangkamol
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    Sonongbua, Kritayakorn
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    Wilepsuwan, Mutita
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    Tangboriboonrat, Pramuan
    Due to the broad particle size distribution as well as non-spherical shape of natural rubber (NR) latex particles, the non-collapse hollow NR latex particles (HL-NRPs) with well-defined void structure were developed aiming to use as an eco-friendly white pigment/additive for coatings. These hybrid HL-NRPs were prepared via the seeded emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate/divinylbenzene/acrylic acid (MMA/DVB/AA) monomers on NR core particles in one-pot. Using cumene hydroperoxide (CHP)/tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA) as a redox initiator, the copolymerization occurred at the particle/water interface. Without seed removal, a single void inside NRP was in situ formed by the phase separation process. Hydrophobic and elastic NR became the inner wall which strengthened the HL particles. Whereas its indigenous stabilizers, i.e., proteins-lipids, allowed the osmosis from the aqueous medium to further expand the void. The proposed mechanism was illustrated using oleic acid (OA) as a model fatty acid for non-rubber substances. Since the multiple light scattering inside the hollow structure could enhance their refractive index, the optical performance of HL-NRPs as a low-density opacifying agent in poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix, was examined using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Results showed that the HL-NRPs-based films exhibited high blocking ability over UV and visible regions. Moreover, the HL-NRPs coated with chitosan (CS) enabled these nanocomposites to adsorb the formaldehyde vapor. For sustainable development, HL-NRPs/CS could potentially be a green alternative white pigment/additive for coatings.
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    Green synthesis of AgNPs coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles using tyrosine as reducing/stabilising agent
    (2018-01-01)
    Ratirotjanakul, Waranya
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    Sioloetwong, Tanapon
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    Tangboriboonrat, Pramuan
    A novel, simple and environmental friendly approach to fabricate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) using tyrosine (Tyr) as biological reducing agent was developed. The functionalization of Tyr with MSNs (Tyr-MSNs) (150 nm in length) by the sol-gel process was confirmed by the characteristic peaks of amino, carboxyl and silanol groups appeared in FTIR spectrum and the change of the zeta potential from 0 mV at pH 2 to -60 mV at pH 12. Then, AgNPs were formed on the surface of Tyr-MSNs (Tyr-MSN@AgNPs) via only reducibility from phenolic group of Tyr and catalytic activity from base at room temperature. TEM images and UV-Visible absorption band at 420 nm supported the obtained AgNPs (18 nm at pH 11) were tightly bound to Tyr-MSNs even after centrifugation at high speed. These Tyr-MSN@AgNPs would be potentially used as drug carrier in biomedical applications.
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    One-pot synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid hollow latex particles via Pickering and seeded emulsion polymerizations
    (2015-04-01)
    Narongthong, Jirawat
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    Nuasaen, Sukanya
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    Tangboriboonrat, Pramuan
    Hybrid hollow latex (HL) particles possessing poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) (P(St/AA)) as the inner shell, poly(divinyl benzene) (PDVB) as the outer shell, and silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) as the stabilizer were conveniently prepared via the combined Pickering and seeded emulsion polymerizations. P(St/AA) particles (435 nm) were used as seeds, DVB as a swollen and crosslink monomer, 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride as initiator, and SiNPs as Pickering stabilizer. Without core removal, solvent evaporation, and surface modification steps, the spherical, monodisperse, and non-collapsed HL-SiNPs particles (722 nm) with double shell polymer layer and a large void cavity (400 nm) were obtained. The presence of large cavity and double shell may enable these hybrid HL-SiNPs particles to be used as lightweight filler and/or white pigment in coatings.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Facile control of structured ZnO polymeric nanoparticles through miniemulsion polymerization: Kinetic and UV shielding effects
    (2021-08-01)
    Sudjaipraparat, Narissara
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    Tangboriboonrat, Pramuan
    Zinc oxide polymeric nanoparticles (ZPPs) of poly (styrene-co-acrylic acid) P(St/AA), containing oleic acid modified zinc oxide nanoparticles (OA-ZnO NPs), were synthesized via miniemul-sion polymerization. By simply adjusting the quantity of reactants, i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant, potassium persulfate (KPS) initiator, and divinyl benzene (DVB) crosslinking agent, the location of ZnO NPs were altered from the inner (core) to the outer (shell), leading to core-shell and Pickering-like morphologies, respectively. The Pickering-like ZPPs were obtained when using SDS at below or equal to the critical micelle concentration (CMC). At above the CMC, the complete en-capsulation of OA-ZnO NPs within the ZPPs depicted a kinetically controlled morphology. The transition to Pickering-like ZPPs also occurred when reducing the KPS from 2 to 0.5–1%. Whereas the DVB accelerated the polymerization rate and viscosity in the growing monomer-swollen nanodroplets and, hence, contributed to kinetic parameters on particle morphology, i.e., an increase in the DVB content increased the rate of polymerization. A hollow structure was obtained by replacing styrene with the more hydrophilic monomer, i.e., methyl methacrylate. All ZPPs-incorporated poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films greatly improved shielding performance over the UV region and were relatively transparent on a white paper background. Due to the large number of ZnO NPs in the central region and, hence, the ease of electron transfer, composite films containing core-shell ZPPs possessed the highest UV blocking ability. ZnO NPs in the outer part of the hollow and Pickering-like ZPPs, on the other hand, facilitated the multiple light scattering according to the difference of refractive in-dices between the inorganic shell and organic/air core. These results confirm the advantage of structured ZPPs and their potential use as transparent UV shielding fillers.
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    Efficacy of sugar excipients on lyophilized C22 phage infectivity evaluated by atomic force microscopy
    (2022-07-01)
    Manbua, Nathida
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    Sae-Ueng, Udom
    Bacteriophages (phages) show immense potential as biological control agents of pathogenic bacteria in crops. However, their utilization is hindered by the challenges in storage and handling in remote farming areas. Lyophilization has been used to convert phages from solution to powdery form to overcome such issues. In this work, we lyophilized the C22 phage, a promising biocontrol agent of Ralstonia solanacearum causing wilt disease. Sugar excipients were added during the lyophilization step to preserve phage infectivity. We found that 0.5 M sucrose, 0.25 M, and 0.5 M trehalose could retain infectivity of lyophilized C22 phage for ≥ 45% after 90–day storage. Using atomic force microscopy-based imaging, we revealed that both sugars induced aggregation of C22 phage particles. We suggest that aggregation may be a mechanism that prevents phage from degradation since it reduces overall surface that can unfavorably interact with external damaging factors. An insight into phage aggregation can be essential for phage storage and utilization in biocontrol applications.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Hollow core-shell particles via NR latex seeded emulsion polymerization
    (2016-09-02)
    Wichaita, Waraporn
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    Polpanich, Duangporn
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    Tangboriboonrat, Pramuan
    Natural rubber (NR)-based hollow latex (HL) particles have been prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate/divinyl benzene/acrylic acid (MMA/DVB/AA) monomers on NR seed. By using tert-butyl hydroperoxide/tetraethylene pentamine (t-BuHP/TEPA) as a redox initiator, the locus of polymerization was localized at the surface of the NR particle. After swelling with monomers, DVB in NR particle gradually moved outward to compensate the co-polymerization. Phase separation between the NR seed and the polymeric shell occurred and a void was subsequently formed at a MMA/DVB molar ratio of 2.7/1. The void cavity was enlarged when the monomer to seed (M/S) weight ratio was increased to 4/1. Without the necessity of any residual core removal, polydisperse NR-based hollow nanocomposites (298 ± 58 nm) possessing NR-P(MMA/DVB/AA) double-layered shell and a single void (155 ± 37 nm) were obtained. SEM images revealed an increase in surface roughness of the HL particle with increasing M/S weight ratios. The large specific surface area of these NR-based hollow nanocomposites (114.6 m<sup>2</sup>/g) with a 3.5 nm pore diameter indicates that the polymeric shell is mesoporous. The presence of carboxyl groups, as indicated by negative zeta potentials, can further facilitate surface functionalization. The large void cavity of these NR-based HL particles makes them particularly suited as delivery vehicle systems.
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    Hollow amorphous TiO2 particles for transparent UV shielding film
    (2025-05-01)
    Pukveera, Nichapat
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    Polpanich, Duangporn
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    Wongngam, Yodsathorn
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    Tangboriboonrat, Pramuan
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    Crystalline titanium dioxide (C-TiO<inf>2</inf>) particles are widely used as inorganic filters in coatings due to their high refractive indexes (n) and functions in photocatalysis. However, these particles may pose environmental and health risks due to their crystalline nature. Additionally, the long-term use of C-TiO<inf>2</inf> has the potential to damage organic contents due to their photocatalytic properties. These drawbacks make amorphous TiO<inf>2</inf> (A-TiO<inf>2</inf>) appealing for use in non-catalysis applications, e.g., coatings. This study aims to develop an alternative UV filter derived from A-TiO<inf>2</inf> with a hollow structure (HA-TiO<inf>2</inf>) that can be used in coatings. The hollow interior of the designed HA-TiO<inf>2</inf> structure compensates for its lower n through multiple light scattering, enhancing the UV shielding performance. Furthermore, the amorphous structure also promotes the transparency of the composite film. To obtain HA-TiO<inf>2</inf>, TiO<inf>2</inf>-coated silica (SiO<inf>2</inf>@TiO<inf>2</inf>) particles were synthesized using the modified sol-gel method. Selective etching was employed to remove the dense (D) SiO<inf>2</inf> core (hard template). The resulting HA-TiO<inf>2</inf> particles possessed higher UV absorption properties than D-SiO<inf>2</inf>, SiO<inf>2</inf>@TiO<inf>2</inf>, dense amorphous (DA) TiO<inf>2</inf> particles, and commercial C-TiO<inf>2</inf> (TiONA® 595, rutile). Poly(vinyl alcohol) films containing HA-TiO<inf>2</inf> particles displayed the highest UV shielding performance, effectively blocking the photodegradation of methylene blue while maintaining film transparency. The integration of high UV shielding performance of the hollow structure and transparency of the amorphous matter provided synergistic effects. Overall, HA-TiO<inf>2</inf> shows promise as a safer alternative to current inorganic UV filters in a variety of applications, including coatings, textiles, and packaging.
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    Tuning the morphology of block copolymer self-assembly-directed ultra-large porous carbons for electrochemical energy storage applications
    (2026-01-09)
    Hsu, Chao Hua
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    Tait, William R.T.
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    Thedford, R. Paxton
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    Wiesner, Ulrich B.
    Developing carbon materials with well-defined macroporous structures is important for improving ion transport in high-rate electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems. While block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly directed carbons have shown promise, most reports remain limited to the mesoporous regime. In this work, we demonstrate a co-assembly strategy using ultra-large molar mass poly(styrene-block-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PDMAEMA, or simply SA) diblock copolymers and phenolic resols to access tunable macroporous morphologies. By adjusting the tetrahydrofuran/ethyl acetate (THF/EA) solvent ratio and introducing small molar mass homo-polystyrene (hPS) as a domain-swelling agent, we achieve co-continuous carbon structures with pore sizes ranging from 50 nm to nearly 1 μm. This represents a substantial extension beyond what is typically achieved with BCP-derived morphologies. The ideal THF/EA ratio chosen in this work was 8:2, based on the reproducibility of resultant co-continuous structures and suppression of non-desirable micelle formation or macrophase segregated occlusions of carbon. The resulting carbons exhibit a highly interconnected pore network, moderate conductivity (∼2.47 S/cm), and specific surface areas of ∼700 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>. Raman spectroscopy suggests partially graphitized domains, with crystallite size estimated at 2.8 nm. Electrochemical measurements using a three-electrode setup confirm efficient charge storage behavior, with a specific capacitance of 6.6 F/g at 10 mV/s and 66 % retention at 100 mV/s. These findings highlight the potential of this system as a monolithic 3D carbon electrode platform for future high-performance EES devices.