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Diagnosis challenges and accessibility barriers to migraine management in Southeast Asia: results from the South-East Asia Local breAch on MigraiNe Treatment (SEALANT) study
(2026-12-01)
Rattanawong, Wanakorn
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Hiransuthikul, Akarin
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Anukoolwittaya, Prakit
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Pongpitakmetha, Thanakit
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Thanprasertsuk, Sekh
Background: Migraine is one of the leading causes of disability among all neurological diseases, yet major gaps persist in diagnosis and access to effective treatment, particularly in low- and middle-income regions. Southeast Asia and East Asia are characterised by marked socioeconomic diversity, variable healthcare infrastructure, and limited availability of migraine-specific therapies. We aimed to assess physician-reported barriers to migraine diagnosis and management across Southeast Asian and East Asian countries. Methods: The South-East Asia Local breAch on MigraiNe Treatment (SEALANT) study was a multinational, cross-sectional, web-based survey conducted between Nov 1, 2024, and Aug 31, 2025. Physicians involved in migraine care from Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand were eligible. Survey domains included diagnostic barriers, clinic accessibility, acute and preventive treatment practices, awareness of medication overuse headache, access to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)–targeted therapies, and migraine-related stigma. Countries were categorised by World Bank income classification. Data were analysed descriptively, and comparisons were made across income groups. All results are based on physicians’ perceptions of routine clinical practice rather than objectively verified patient-level data. Results: A total of 686 physicians participated (mean age 39.0 years [SD 9.9]), of whom 79.8% were neurologists. Overall, 70.0% of respondents reported an insufficient number of neurology/headache clinics, increasing to 87.2% in lower-middle-income countries. Physicians reported that approximately 60.0% of patients were correctly diagnosed with migraine before specialist consultation, while 44.9% were perceived to experience diagnostic delays exceeding one year. According to physician reports, acute migraine management relied predominantly on non-specific analgesics, with opioids remaining widely available and prescribed across all income settings. Reported use of migraine-specific acute therapies and preventive treatments was limited. Although CGRP-targeted preventive therapies were widely regarded by physicians as effective (77.1%), many perceived that these treatments should not yet be reimbursed. Conclusion: Substantial and inequitable gaps persist in migraine diagnosis and management across Southeast Asia and East Asia, as perceived by physicians, driven by shortages of specialist services, delayed diagnosis, reliance on non-specific treatments, and restricted access to migraine-specific therapies. Addressing migraine as a public health priority through health-system strengthening, education, and equitable access to evidence-based treatments is essential to reduce disability in the region.
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Households’ Intention to Use Solar Rooftop Panels in Thailand: An Integrated TPB-TAM Approach
(2026-07-01)
Theppratuangthip, Pongsapat
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Rojniruttikul, Nuttawut
The rise in energy demand in Thailand due to constant economic growth coupled with reliance on limited natural gas and oil resources has led to an increased demand for alternative sources of energy. Therefore, this study aims at examining factors that influence the intention of adopting solar rooftop energy among households in Thailand through the integration of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the technology acceptance model (TAM). A quantitative research approach was adopted whereby data were obtained from 255 households in all parts of Thailand through questionnaires. The results reveal that attitude (β = 0.484, p < 0.001), perceived usefulness (β = 0.271, p < 0.05), and subjective norms (β = 0.257, p < 0.001) positively and significantly influence intention to use solar rooftop energy, collectively explaining 61% of the variance (R2 = 0.61). Attitude proved to be the most significant predictor in this regard, underscoring the significance of the evaluative process of cognition and emotion for adopting certain behavior. This research makes a valuable contribution to the body of knowledge on renewable energy in that the TPB-TAM model has been empirically validated in a Thai household setting. In addition, the findings provide suggestive evidence of a mediating role of attitude in the link between perceived usefulness and intention, although this mediation finding should be interpreted with caution due to the conceptual overlap between these constructs and the absence of bootstrap confidence intervals. Future research is recommended to confirm this mediation pathway using formal bootstrap procedures.
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ANEMONE Global's First eDNA-Based Assessment: Insights Toward a Standardized Global Monitoring Network
(2026-01-01)
Sioud, Imane
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Minegishi, Yuki
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Kajita, Tadashi
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Isowa, Yukinobu
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Tanabe, Akifumi S.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) enables sensitive detection of species from environmental samples, particularly water. Large-scale, standardized monitoring of coastal fish communities remains challenging across diverse regions. The ANEMONE Global network was established to address this gap, expanding the workflow developed in Japan to a coordinated worldwide survey using standardized eDNA metabarcoding. Between June and November 2024, 12 countries, including several in Southeast Asia, collected surface water samples from beaches, rocky shores, estuaries, and near coastal protective structures using harmonized protocols for filtration, RNAlater preservation, and metadata recording. Daytime and nighttime sampling captured temporal variation in community composition. All samples were processed with the MiFish metabarcoding protocol, quantitative internal standards, and rigorous contamination controls. Analysis of 90 samples generated over 16.6 million high-quality reads, revealing more than 500 putative fish OTUs across diverse families, genera, and species. Species richness varied geographically, reflecting differences in fish fauna, and assemblages differed across the Atlantic, Indian, North Pacific, and South Pacific Oceans. Diel variation was most pronounced in the North Pacific, and diversity patterns reflected both habitat complexity and ocean basin, with waters adjacent to coastal protective structures and rocky shores supporting the highest diversity. These findings highlight how both habitat complexity and ocean basin geography shape coastal fish assemblages, offering insights for global marine biodiversity monitoring using eDNA. This survey demonstrates that a globally standardized eDNA workflow can generate comparable quality data across ecological and logistical contexts. By combining international collaboration, open data, and locally informed implementation, ANEMONE Global provides a framework for long-term, high-resolution monitoring of coastal biodiversity and sets the stage for expanding coverage to additional aquatic ecosystems worldwide.
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Assessing the Combined Impacts of Future Climate and Land Use Changes on Soil Loss and Sediment Retention in the Lam Phra Phloeng Watershed, Thailand
(2025-12-01)
Seeboonruang, Uma
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Mandadi, Ranadheer
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Thammaboribal, Prapas
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Gonzales, Arlene L.
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Kanchan, Arun
Soil erosion is a significant challenge to the environment, ecology, and economy, and areas that undergo fast land use change and climate change are the most affected. This research evaluates the effects that climate change and Land-Use/Land-Cover (LULC) change have, separately and together, on soil loss and sediment retention in the Lam Phra Phloeng (LPP) watershed, Thailand. The InVEST Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) model was applied under the Shared from Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5), using projected LULC for 2050 and 2100. The Cellular Automata–Markov (CA–Markov) model has been utilized to generate future land use/land cover (LULC) scenarios demonstrating how land changes over spatial and temporal scale. Results show a marked decline in sediment retention and a rise in soil loss, especially under high-emission scenarios and cropland expansion. By 2100, cropland soil loss increased by 57.35%, while forest cover—a key determinant of sediment retention—declined from 45.41% in 2020 to 22.19%. When climate and land-use changes are considered together, they have a much greater effect on sediment loss, especially in cropland and built-up areas. These results highlight the vital role that forest conservation and adaptive land management, e.g., afforestation and sustainable agriculture, play in ensuring the continued availability of clean water in watersheds and in erosion control. The research provides policy-makers with real-life scenarios to draw on when sketching integrated watershed management plans aimed at reducing the negative effects of land use and climate change on soil stability and water resources in the LPP watershed.
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Three new species of the genera Ceraclea Stephens and Setodes Rambur (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from Laos and Cambodia
(2024-06-17)
Laudee, Pongsak
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Malicky, Hans
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Takenaka, Masaki
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Suwannarat, Nannaphat
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Kong, Chamroeun
Three new species of Leptoceridae were described from the Lower Mekong tributaries, namely Ceraclea luangnamthaensis n. sp., Setodes xangthevadaensis n. sp. from Laos, and Setodes mongkondechsawati n. sp. from Cambodia. The male genitalia of Ceraclea luangnamthaensis n. sp. are distinguished from those of other species by its preanal appendages, which are circular in lateral view. The male genitalia of Setodes xangthevadaensis n. sp. are distinguished from those of other species by their segment X, which is separated into a trifurcate apicodorsal process and two long slender apicolateral processes in dorsal view. The male genitalia of Setodes mongkondechsawati n. sp. are distinguished from those of other species by the apicodorsal process of segment X which is circular in dorsal view.
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Four new species of Georissa W. Blanford, 1864 (Gastropoda, Hydrocenidae) from Thailand
(2024-01-01)
Klongklaew, Kanyaporn
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Poeaim, Supattra
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Dumrongrojwattana, Pongrat
Hydrocenid snails have received little research attention compared to other land snail groups, arguably due to their small size. The present study examines the diversity of hydrocenid snails in limestone hills in central, eastern and southern Thailand. Four new species of Georissa W. Blanford, 1864 are described: G. quinquelirata sp. nov. from central Thailand, G. sagitta sp. nov. and G. kohsichangensis sp. nov. from eastern Thailand, and G. digitinota sp. nov. from southern Thailand. These four new species are distinguished by unique characteristics in their shell, including protoconch sculpture and shell shape, operculum, and radula morphology. A phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences confirms the distinctiveness of all four species.
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Seasonal Field Calibration of Low-Cost PM2.5 Sensors in Different Locations with Different Sources in Thailand
(2023-03-01)
Dejchanchaiwong, Racha
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Tekasakul, Perapong
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Saejio, Apichat
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Limna, Thanathip
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Le, Thi Cuc
Low-cost sensors (LCS) have been increasingly deployed to monitor PM<inf>2.5</inf> concentrations. More than 1500 LCS have been installed in Thailand to increase public awareness of air quality. However, performance of these sensors has not been systematically investigated. In this study, PM<inf>2.5</inf> LCS were co-located next to a PM<inf>2.5</inf> federal equivalent method (FEM) reference instrument at three Thai locations—in the north, center and northeast. We evaluated the performance of a PM<inf>2.5</inf> LCS (PMS7003, Plantower) to understand the key factors affecting performance, including emission sources, relative humidity, temperature and PM<inf>2.5</inf> concentration. Low PM concentration and high humidity levels had a significant impact on performance. Sensors in a high traffic emission area showed low correlation. The unadjusted PM<inf>2.5</inf> LCS performance varied with locations. Errors were mainly observed at low concentrations. They significantly underestimated concentrations in congested urban environments. After calibration, accuracy was improved with multiple regression models. The performance of sensors only at Chiang Mai (CM) during the dry season and Ubon Ratchathani (URT) during the dry and wet seasons were acceptable with coefficient of variation: 5.8 ± 4.7–6.8 ± 5.0%, slope: 0.829–0.945, intercept: 1.12–5.49 µg/m3, R2: 0.880–0.934 and RMSE: 4.3–5.1 µg/m3. In the congested area in Bangkok (BKK), they underestimated concentrations of small particles.
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Genetic Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Cucurbit-Infecting Begomoviruses in the Philippines
(2023-01-01)
Neoh, Zhuan Yi
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Lai, Hsuan Chun
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Lin, Chung Cheng
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Suwor, Patcharaporn
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Tsai, Wen Shi
Cucurbits are important economic crops worldwide. However, the cucurbit leaf curl disease (CuLCD), caused by whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses constrains their production. In Southeast Asia, three major begomoviruses, Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) and Squash leaf curl Philippines virus (SLCuPV) are associated with CuLCD. SLCuPV and SLCCNV were identified in Luzon, the Philippines. Here, the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of CuLCD-associated begomoviruses in the Philippines were studied based on 103 begomovirus detected out of 249 cucurbit samples collected from 60 locations throughout the country in 2018 and 2019. The presence of SLCCNV and SLCuPV throughout the Philippines were confirmed by begomovirus PCR detection and viral DNA sequence analysis. SLCuPV was determined as a predominant CuLCD-associated begomovirus and grouped into two strains. Interestingly, SLCCNV was detected in pumpkin and bottle gourd without associated viral DNA-B and mixed-infected with SLCuPV. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of selected isolates of SLCCNV and SLCuPV was confirmed. The results provide virus genetic diversity associated with CuLCD for further disease management, especially in developing the disease-resistant cultivars in the Philippines as well as Southeast Asia.
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Estimation of Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emissions from Biomass Burning Using Satellite Imaging and Burn Severity
(2023-01-01)
Tekasakul, Perapong
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Nuthammachot, Narissara
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Malinee, Rachane
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Morris, John
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Dejchanchaiwong, Racha
Fine and ultrafine particles emitted from open biomass burning seriously affect air quality in many countries in Southeast Asia during haze episodes. In this study, PM<inf>0.1</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf> emissions were estimated for Thailand using agricultural residue burning. Data from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellites was obtained from 2016 to 2019. Burn severity was evaluated using NIR and SWIR bands. Results suggested agricultural residue burning as a significant contributor accounting for 82-90% of the total burned area, and the forest fires contributed the remainder. Further, the burned areas from agricultural waste during El Niño years were up to 2 times as high as those during La Niña years. Rice residue burning was the most significant contributor, followed by sugarcane and maize. Major burned areas of rice and sugarcane residue were in the northeast. Annual average PM<inf>2.5</inf> and PM<inf>0.1</inf> emissions from crop residue burning in Thailand were about 43.3 and 4.1 Gg/year, respectively. PM<inf>0.1</inf> emissions during El Niño years were also larger at 4.2-5.2 Gg/year compared to 3.7-3.4 Gg/year during La Niña. PM<inf>0.1</inf> emissions from crop residue burning were about 10% of PM<inf>2.5</inf>. These emissions affect local air quality in Thailand and neighboring countries due to long-range transport and vice versa. Annual mean PM<inf>0.1</inf> concentrations during the open biomass burning period ranged from 6.6 to 18.9 µg/m3. PM<inf>0.1</inf>-bound PAH concentrations were found to be 3-8 times higher than the background. The study highlights the estimation of fine and ultrafine particle emissions from open biomass burning useful for other researchers.
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APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING MIGRATION: A MULT-COUNTRY ANALYSIS OF THE PUSH AND PULL MIGRATION TREND
(2021-01-01)
Khalid, Bilal
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Urbański, Mariusz
The study explores the factors that drive migration to Poland and Thailand. It investigated how economic, political, environmental, and social factors impact on workers decision to migrate in search of greener pastures. The research is hinged on the Push-Pull Migration Model. The research populations consisted of a total of 762 purposively selected respondents; 452 were selected from Bangkok and Phuket, Thailand, while 310 were selected from Warsaw in Poland. The study was quantitative research that applied SEM analysis for data interpretation. Findings indicated that 76% of the migrants to Thailand have at least a university degree compared to 24% with a high school certificate or less, while for Poland, 68% have at least a university degree compared to 32% with a high school certificate or less. SEM analysis revealed that only the economic push and pull factors were accepted in both Thailand and Poland/ The results reinforced the significant influence of unemployment, poverty, high employment, and high wages, while acknowledging the impact of political and social factors. The significance of environmental factors from the findings was underwhelming.

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