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Paclobutrazol enhances yield and secondary compound accumulation in Curcuma longa L.
(2024-11-01)
Montri, N.
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Chauytam, S.
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Deewatthanawong, R.
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Bunya-Atichart, K.
The results indicated that the application of different concentrations of PBZ at 60 days preharvest had an impact on yield after harvest at 9 months while the color of turmeric remained relatively consistent. In all treatments, the rhizome color was yellow to orange. The fresh weight of the rhizome showed no significant differences within the range of 0-800 mg/L PBZ treatments, with the lowest yield observed in 1,200 mg/L PBZ treatment. The dry weight percentage was highest when treated with 800 mg/L PBZ for the mother rhizome and 600 mg/L PBZ for the finger rhizome. Regarding the accumulation of secondary compounds, highly significant differences among the treatments were found for the content of total flavonoids and total phenolics while curcumin showed significant differences. The treatment with 1,200 mg/L PBZ had the highest total phenolics content at 78.18 mg GAE/gDW and total flavonoids at 295.54 mg QUE/gDW. PBZ-treated plants also showed higher curcumin content and percentage than the non-treated plants. These findings indicated that the application of PBZ has the potential to improve both the yield and quality of turmeric, which is advantageous for cultivating this valuable medicinal plant.
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Effects of hot air temperature on moisture reduction and drying time of turmeric in a closed-system herb dryer: kinetics and models
(2023-11-01)
Chindaruksa, Sirinuch
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Bongkaew, Haruethai
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Wardkein, Paramote
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Chantrawongphisal, Borisut
The primary objective of this research was to devise a model focused on the drying kinetics of turmeric, utilizing a closed-system herb dryer to facilitate energy conservation. Drying turmeric within this closed-system herb dryer involves a heat source—specifically, an electric coil heater powered at 3500 W and a humidity controller. The drying condition includes an air volume of 0.039 kg/s, the temperature at 40, 50, and 60 °C with initial moisture of the turmeric at 667.53 %db. The result of drying turmeric was analyzed using a thin-layer drying model for 8 models: Newton, Page, Logistic, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Two-Term, Approximation of Diffusion, Midill et al. The result shows that Midill et al. equation was the best model for predicting the drying behavior of turmeric. Therefore, this insinuates that the Midill model is superior to its contemporaneous counterparts in terms of accuracy. It offered the highest coefficient of determination R 2 (0.9998, 0.9996, 0.9999), the most root mean square error (RMSE) (3.39×10−9, 2.37×10−5, 3.10×10−5), the last chi-square χ 2 (3.39×10−9, 2.85×10−5, 3.99×10−5), and a temperature of 40, 50, and 60 °C, respectively. The study revealed that implementing a closed-system herb dryer could potentially manufacture high-value commodities while preserving their fundamental attributes. The closed-system herb dryer has been ingeniously designed as a proficient approach to diminish the drying time and improve the end product’s quality.
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Development and characterization of nano-cream preparation containing natural extract using nanoemulsion techniques
(2017-01-01)
Charoenkul, Kalyakorn
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Phromyothin, Darinee
The objective of this study is to investigate the formulation, preparation and characterization of nano-cream from squalene in olive oil, virgin coconut oil and turmeric using nanoemulsion techniques. The 'shock method' via a phase inversion temperature (PIT) was prepared the nanoemulsion which was kinetically stable system, comprised of oil droplets dispersed in aqueous media using tween 80 and span 80 as emulsifier and stabilized by nonylphenol ethoxylate as surfactant, respectively. Characterization and evaluation were generally carried out by preliminary characterization, pH, conductivity, determinations of particle size and thermal stability. The obtained nanoemulsion from squalene and virgin coconut oil with the ratio 0.5:3.6 was cloudy white color with an average particle size of 400 nm and stable without any phase separation. Nanoemulsions with the addition of turmeric were opaque yellow and particle size is found to decrease to 200 nm.
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Effectiveness of essential oils of medicinal plants against stored product mite, suidasia pontifica oudemans
(2012-04-01)
Pumnuan, J.
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Insung, A.
Acaricidal activity of essential oils obtained from 28 selected medicinal plants against stored product mite, Suidasia pontifica Oudemans, was investigated using the dry film method. The bioassay was conducted in a glass tube, 0.4 cm in diameter, 3 cm long covered with fine nylon mesh on both ends. In preliminary tests, 1.0% (53 μg cm-2) of various essential oils and 95% ethanol used as control were evaluated. Each glass tube was treated internally with 20 μl essential oils. Observations were made at 24 h after treatment and the number of dead mites was recorded. At the dose of 1.0%, essential oils of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), cinnamon (Cinnamomum bejolghota), myrtle grass (Acorus calamus), betel vine (Piper betle), and turmeric (Curcuma longa) were highly toxic to S. pontifica with more than 70% mite mortality observed at 24 h. Dry film effect of essential oils at various concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% equaling to 0, 2.65, 5.3, 26.5, 53 and 79.5 μg cm-2, respectively) resulting in mite mortality observed at 24 h was used to establish LD50 values. Based upon 24 h LD50 values, the essential oil of cinnamon (fresh leaf) was the most toxic to the mite with high activity at 24.05 μg cm-2, followed by essential oils of clove (dried bud), myrtle grass, cinnamon (dried bark), clove (fresh leaf), turmeric and betel vine at 24.28, 28.34, 30.89, 33.67, 38.09 and 41.76 μg cm-2, respectively.

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