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Selection for Upland Rice Varieties Under Different Levels of Light Intensity
(2022-04-01)
Nokkoul, Raumjit
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Unsup, Karnchanaporn
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Krutsuwan, Apichart
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Wichitparp, Thirayut
Upland rice varieties were selected under varying levels of light intensity. This study identified shade-tolerant upland rice varieties with a high yield. From November 2016 to March 2017, the experiment was conducted at King Mongkut's Institute of Technology in Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon, Thailand. For this, ten varieties of upland rice i.e. Dawk Pa-yawm, Nangdam, Dokkam, Nangchuan, Lebnokrai, Samduen, Maepeung, Damgatondom, Lebmuenang, Pukaotong were grown at different levels of 0%, 50%, 60%, and 70% shading levels. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results of qualitative characteristics indicated that shadowing conditions didn’t have any significant effect on plant height, 50% flowering age, harvesting age, and panicle length. On the other hand, shaded conditions have a substantial effect on the number of plants per tiller, the number of panicles per tiller, the number of perfect grains per panicle, and the amount of empty grain per panicle since there was a quantitative character. Among the tested varieties, Lebmuenang, Pukaotong, Damgatondom, and Nangchuan varieties are suited for growing under 50% shade conditions while Samduen was only suited for cultivation in 70 % shaded conditions, whereas Pukaotong was good for growing in 50% and 60% shade situations. The results of this experiment did not encourage farmers to use the other varieties as cultivars under shaded conditions due to low yields. However, the outcomes of this study can be used as a reference for breeding programs in low-light conditions.
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Biochemical characteristics and inoculation effects of multi-trait plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on upland rice (Oryza sativa L. cv PSB Rc23) seedling growth
(2021-08-01)
Cavite, Harry Jay M.
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Mactal, Ariel G.
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Evangelista, Editha V.
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Cruz, Jayvee A.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to stimulate plant growth because of their versatility in nutrient transformation. However, the success of PGPR inoculation depends not only on their ability to promote plant growth but also on their capacity to metabolize substrates that can be used as energy for the development and survival of the crops. Given the important influence of seed germination and vigor on crop yield, this study investigated the biochemical characteristics and effectiveness of multi-trait PGPR isolates in enhancing upland rice seedling growth and vigor. Biochemical identification was done using Biolog GEN III Microbial Identification System. Isolates were characterized based on their ability to metabolize all major classes of biochemicals in the carbon source utilization and chemical sensitivity assays. Identified rhizobacterial isolates were tested in vitro to evaluate their inoculation effects on the growth of PSB Rc23 upland rice seedlings. Biochemical identification results showed that rhizobacterial isolates have extensive metabolic activities in a wide range of carbon sources. Inoculation effects revealed that isolate IBBw<inf>1a</inf> was the most effective in enhancing root length and vigor index of rice seedlings in vitro, yielding a significant increase of 60% and 53%, respectively, over the uninoculated control. This study suggests that rhizobacterial isolates from upland rice may have commercial significance to improve seedling growth and vigor. These isolates will undergo a further assessment of their effectiveness in actual upland rice field conditions as they were already proven effective growth promoters in laboratory and screenhouse conditions. Such future activity can uncover their efficacy as potential biofertilizers in the actual soil environment.
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Growth and Yield Response of Upland Rice to Application of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria
(2021-04-01)
Cavite, Harry Jay M.
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Mactal, Ariel G.
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Evangelista, Editha V.
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Cruz, Jayvee A.
This study evaluated the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates in enhancing upland rice growth and yield. Bacteria were isolated, screened for growth-promoting activities in vitro, biochemically identified, and tested under screenhouse conditions at the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice). Isolates exhibited growth-promoting activities, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, tricalcium phosphate solubilization, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, siderophore production, and starch hydrolysis. The screenhouse experiment was conducted with upland rice (PSB Rc23) as the test crop, sterilized and natural soils, and recommended rate of inorganic fertilizers (RRIF) as other source variables. Results showed that significantly heavier shoot and root fresh weights are evident in plants grown in sterilized soil. Plants treated with full RRIF exhibited superior growth in terms of plant height, shoot and root weights, and grain yield. Among inoculated and fertilized plants, comparable growth promotion was obtained with Acidovorax delafieldii combined with half inorganic fertilizer rate, in terms of root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weights, plant height, grain yield, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) uptake. Overall findings show that PGPR (A. delafieldii) in combination with 50% RRIF is as effective as full RRIF in enhancing growth and yield of PSB Rc23 rice, implying that dependence on chemical fertilizer can be reduced utilizing this PGPR. However, further evaluation of these bacterial isolates in actual field conditions is necessary to uncover their efficiency as potential biofertilizer.
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Drought-tolerant characters, yield and its component of an elite landrace upland rice cultivars in Thailand
(2020-07-01)
Sarutayophat, T.
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Imwichit, S.
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Sripichitt, A.
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Phimsirikul, P.
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Thabthimtho, T.
In Thailand, rice are cultivated on the rainfed unbunded upland environment about 0.928 million ha annually, which usually subject to drought stress due to an eratic rainfall throughout growing season, and usually having low yield stability and productivity. Two experiments were characterized a drought tolerant-related physiological traits, yield and its components of 6 elite landrace upland rice cultivars (Niaw Dum Luem Phua, Dawk Pa Yawm, hukaothong 2, Sew Gliang, Sam Deuan, and Leb Nok) with IR1552, and Khao Dawk Mali 105, a moderate drought-tolerant check varieties. The first experiment was carried out at King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok during Aug-Sep 2018 for 4 drought tolerant-related characters at maximum tillering including longest root, root dry weight, root/shoot dry weight ratio, and stomatal conductance. The germinated seeds were grown in a cylindrical like-shape plastic pots, data were recorded for 10 hill/experimental unit. The second experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-Ok, Chon Buri province, on loammy-sand, unbunded upland field under natural rainfed in rainy season (Jul-Nov), 2018. Ungerminated seeds were directly planted with space of 25x25 cm, yield and yield components were sampling recorded for 10 hill/experimental unit. All studied characters among cultivars; longest root, root/shoot dry weight ratio, stomatal conductance, yield and all yield components except, root dry weight were highly significant different (p≤0.01). IR1552 had the highest yield of 72.52 g/hill. Among 6 landrace cultivars, Niaw dum luem phua showed the highest drought tolerant-related characters, yield components, and rough yield of 59.77g/hill. While, Khao Dawk Mali 105 had rough yield of 51.42 g/hill.
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Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) rhizosphere and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities
(2018-12-01)
Cavite, H. J.M.
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Mactal, A. G.M.
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Cruz, J. A.
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Khermkhan, J.
Insoluble forms of phosphorus (P) may be converted to soluble P by phosphate-solubilizing organisms living different soil ecosystems to make them available for plant roots to be absorbed. In this study, isolation of rhizobacteria and screening of their ability for phosphate solubilization was done. A total of 25 isolates were obtained from upland rice rhizosphere in Isabela province, Philippines. Measuring the solubilizing efficiency revealed that seven out of 25 isolates were found to be promising phosphate-solubilizers showing clearing zone around the colony. Moreover, phosphorus solubilization index (PSI) of the isolates ranged from 1.25 to 1.60 and results obtained are higher than other observations indicating that strains of bacteria isolated are effective phosphate-solubilizers. Furthermore, these PSB could serve as efficient biofertilizer candidates for improving the P nutrition of the crop. This observation can be a promising contribution to cropping system of upland rice, which is constrained by drought leading to inefficient P acquisition. If further developed, this can be eco-friendly and prove to be cost effective strategy to improve upland rice production particularly in the Philippines.
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Effect of drought condition on growth, yield and grain quality of upland rice
(2014-07-26)
Nokkoul, Raumjit
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Wichitparp, Teerayut
Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of drought condition on growth, yield and grain quality of two varieties in upland rice: Nangdam and Lebnok. The experiment was performed at the King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chumphon Campus, Thailand during July to November, 2010. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications. This results showed that Nangdam and Labnok varieties were got 12.40-97.10 mm of average monthly rainfall in the vegetative, reproductive and grain formation to ripening stages. Nangdam and Lebnok had days to booting of 72 and 68 Days After Germination (DAG), respectively, days to 50% flowering of 93 and 90 DAG, respectively, which were higher than the normal average of 2 to 6 days. The two tested varieties had low grain yields of 29.12 and 26.20 kg/ha, respectively, when they were grown at the low level rainfall. All varieties had higher number of empty grain of 48 and 33 grain per panicle, respectively, number of low perfect grains of 53 and 57 grain per panicle, respectively, number of imperfect grains of 35 and 30 grain per panicle, respectively, chalky grains of 17.50 and 15.20%, respectively and breaking grains of 0.75 and 2.50%, respectively. However, there were no significant different among those traits between the two varieties. The two varieties of upland rice had smaller grain which was lower than the standard. © 2014 Science Publication.
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Organic upland rice seed production
(2014-01-01)
Nokkoul, Raumjit
The upland rice is popular for growing in southern Thailand because this area is the lowland and less area than other sectors. Upland rice is grown as alternative crops of farmers for household consumption which using organic farming method because organic rice seed can be produced by self-production in farmhouse. However, the upland rice is grown under organic farming system. The seeds must originate from plants being grown in compliance with the organic farming rules for at least one generation. There are many factors involving the production of seeds under organic farming system, making the yield low. Thus, the objective of this study on appropriate methods of upland rice seed production under organic farming system in southern Thailand. The results showed that in producing organic seeds, suitable varieties should be selected to suit each area with regular high yield quality. It can be grown in low fertile soil, resist pests and diseases and compete with weeds. The suitable season should be selected for the seed production and the growing areas ought to be in an ecological zone with at least 14-20 mm of 5-day rainfall during the growing cycle. Soil fertility: crop rotation, green manure plants, compost of rice straw and organic manures. For control of disease and insect pests use of resistant or tolerant varieties, plant extracts, natural enemies. The organic seed production of upland rice in southern Thailand, Samduen variety had suitability for recommendation to seed producer in this area because it can provide high growth, yield and seed quality.

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